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Camici M, Garcia-Gil M, Allegrini S, Pesi R, Bernardini G, Micheli V, Tozzi MG. Inborn Errors of Purine Salvage and Catabolism. Metabolites 2023; 13:787. [PMID: 37512494 PMCID: PMC10383617 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular purine nucleotides derive mainly from de novo synthesis or nucleic acid turnover and, only marginally, from dietary intake. They are subjected to catabolism, eventually forming uric acid in humans, while bases and nucleosides may be converted back to nucleotides through the salvage pathways. Inborn errors of the purine salvage pathway and catabolism have been described by several researchers and are usually referred to as rare diseases. Since purine compounds play a fundamental role, it is not surprising that their dysmetabolism is accompanied by devastating symptoms. Nevertheless, some of these manifestations are unexpected and, so far, have no explanation or therapy. Herein, we describe several known inborn errors of purine metabolism, highlighting their unexplained pathological aspects. Our intent is to offer new points of view on this topic and suggest diagnostic tools that may possibly indicate to clinicians that the inborn errors of purine metabolism may not be very rare diseases after all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Camici
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Unità di Fisiologia Generale, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione Della Strumentazione Dell'Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione Della Strumentazione Dell'Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Pesi
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Vanna Micheli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- LND Famiglie Italiane ODV-Via Giovanetti 15-20, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Cadassou O, Forey P, Machon C, Petrotto E, Chettab K, Tozzi MG, Guitton J, Dumontet C, Cros-Perrial E, Jordheim LP. Transcriptional and Metabolic Investigation in 5'-Nucleotidase Deficient Cancer Cell Lines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112918. [PMID: 34831141 PMCID: PMC8616413 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes of nucleoside and nucleotide metabolism regulate important cellular processes with potential impacts on nucleotide-unrelated parameters. We have used a set of CRISPR/Cas9-modified cell models expressing both, one, or none of the 5'-nucleotidases cN-II and CD73, together with RNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics, to decipher new regulatory roles of these proteins. We observed important transcriptional modifications between models as well as upon exposure to adenosine. Metabolite content varied differently between cell models in response to adenosine exposure but was rather similar in control conditions. Our original cell models allowed us to identify a new unobvious link between proteins in the nucleotide metabolism and other cellular pathways. Further analyses of our models, including additional experiments, could help us to better understand some of the roles played by these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavia Cadassou
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (O.C.); (P.F.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (C.D.); (E.C.-P.)
| | - Prescillia Forey
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (O.C.); (P.F.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (C.D.); (E.C.-P.)
| | - Christelle Machon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (O.C.); (P.F.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (C.D.); (E.C.-P.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Edoardo Petrotto
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (O.C.); (P.F.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (C.D.); (E.C.-P.)
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Kamel Chettab
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (O.C.); (P.F.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (C.D.); (E.C.-P.)
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (O.C.); (P.F.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (C.D.); (E.C.-P.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (O.C.); (P.F.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (C.D.); (E.C.-P.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Emeline Cros-Perrial
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (O.C.); (P.F.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (C.D.); (E.C.-P.)
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (O.C.); (P.F.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (C.D.); (E.C.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-478777128
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Jordheim LP. The amazing cN-II, the enzyme that keeps us busy. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 41:239-246. [PMID: 34612808 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2021.1983828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
cN-II is a cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase with preference for IMP and GMP over AMP. The enzyme has been extensively studied over the last 20-30 years both for its enzymatic activity, structure, role in nucleotide metabolism and in cell biology, as well as in diseases. With the aim of highlighting the complexity of the enzyme, I will, as during PP21, present work from our group and others working on cN-II and its various roles and not give an exhaustive overview of new data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Petter Jordheim
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
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Pesi R, Allegrini S, Garcia-Gil M, Piazza L, Moschini R, Jordheim LP, Camici M, Tozzi MG. Cytosolic 5'-Nucleotidase II Silencing in Lung Tumor Cells Regulates Metabolism through Activation of the p53/AMPK Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137004. [PMID: 34209768 PMCID: PMC8268954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase II (cN-II) is an allosteric catabolic enzyme that hydrolyzes IMP, GMP, and AMP. The enzyme can assume at least two different structures, being the more active conformation stabilized by ATP and the less active by inorganic phosphate. Therefore, the variation in ATP concentration can control both structure and activity of cN-II. In this paper, using a capillary electrophoresis technique, we demonstrated that a partial silencing of cN-II in a pulmonary carcinoma cell line (NCI-H292) is accompanied by a decrease in adenylate pool, without affecting the energy charge. We also found that cN-II silencing decreased proliferation and increased oxidative metabolism, as indicated by the decreased production of lactate. These effects, as demonstrated by Western blotting, appear to be mediated by both p53 and AMP-activated protein kinase, as most of them are prevented by pifithrin-α, a known p53 inhibitor. These results are in line with our previous observations of a shift towards a more oxidative and less proliferative phenotype of tumoral cells with a low expression of cN-II, thus supporting the search for specific inhibitors of this enzyme as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Pesi
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- CISUP, Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione dell’Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-1459
| | - Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- CISUP, Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione dell’Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Unità di Fisiologia Generale, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Piazza
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Roberta Moschini
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- CISUP, Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione dell’Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Marcella Camici
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
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Cytosolic 5'-Nucleotidase II Is a Sensor of Energy Charge and Oxidative Stress: A Possible Function as Metabolic Regulator. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010182. [PMID: 33477638 PMCID: PMC7831490 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II (NT5C2) is a highly regulated enzyme involved in the maintenance of intracellular purine and the pyrimidine compound pool. It dephosphorylates mainly IMP and GMP but is also active on AMP. This enzyme is highly expressed in tumors, and its activity correlates with a high rate of proliferation. In this paper, we show that the recombinant purified NT5C2, in the presence of a physiological concentration of the inhibitor inorganic phosphate, is very sensitive to changes in the adenylate energy charge, especially from 0.4 to 0.9. The enzyme appears to be very sensitive to pro-oxidant conditions; in this regard, the possible involvement of a disulphide bridge (C175-C547) was investigated by using a C547A mutant NT5C2. Two cultured cell models were used to further assess the sensitivity of the enzyme to oxidative stress conditions. NT5C2, differently from other enzyme activities, was inactivated and not rescued by dithiothreitol in a astrocytoma cell line (ADF) incubated with hydrogen peroxide. The incubation of a human lung carcinoma cell line (A549) with 2-deoxyglucose lowered the cell energy charge and impaired the interaction of NT5C2 with the ice protease-activating factor (IPAF), a protein involved in innate immunity and inflammation.
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6
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Enhanced migration of breast and lung cancer cells deficient for cN-II and CD73 via COX-2/PGE2/AKT axis regulation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 44:151-165. [PMID: 32970317 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00558-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Purine metabolism involves various intracellular and extracellular enzymes, including cN-II and CD73 that dephosphorylate intracellular and extracellular nucleoside monophosphates into their corresponding nucleosides. We conducted a study to better understand the biological roles of these enzymes in breast and lung cancer cells. METHODS We modified cN-II and/or CD73 expression in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), human lung cancer cells (NCI-H292) and murine breast cancer cells (4T1) using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, and evaluated their impact on various cellular parameters such as proliferation, migration, invasion, intracellular nucleotide pools and nucleotide metabolism-related gene expression under extracellular nucleotide stress conditions. RESULTS Intracellular nucleotide contents were found to be altered in the modified cancer cell models both at their basal levels and after exposure to adenosine or AMP. Altered cN-II and CD73 levels were also found to be associated with cell migration and invasion alterations, involving TIMP-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, as well as alterations in the COX-2/PGE2/AKT pathway. CONCLUSION Our results highlight new cell-specific roles of cN-II and CD73 in cancer cell biology and provide insight into their interactions with different intracellular pathways.
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Emerging Role of Purine Metabolizing Enzymes in Brain Function and Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113598. [PMID: 30441833 PMCID: PMC6274932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing evidence of the involvement of purine compounds in signaling, of nucleotide imbalance in tumorigenesis, the discovery of purinosome and its regulation, cast new light on purine metabolism, indicating that well known biochemical pathways may still surprise. Adenosine deaminase is important not only to preserve functionality of immune system but also to ensure a correct development and function of central nervous system, probably because its activity regulates the extracellular concentration of adenosine and therefore its function in brain. A lot of work has been done on extracellular 5′-nucleotidase and its involvement in the purinergic signaling, but also intracellular nucleotidases, which regulate the purine nucleotide homeostasis, play unexpected roles, not only in tumorigenesis but also in brain function. Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) appears to have a role in the purinosome formation and, therefore, in the regulation of purine synthesis rate during cell cycle with implications in brain development and tumors. The final product of purine catabolism, uric acid, also plays a recently highlighted novel role. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological manifestations of purine dysmetabolisms, focusing on the newly described/hypothesized roles of cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase II, adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, HPRT, and xanthine oxidase.
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Expanding the clinical relevance of the 5'-nucleotidase cN-II/NT5C2. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:321-329. [PMID: 30362044 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purine metabolism is depending on a large amount of enzymes to ensure cellular homeostasis. Among these enzymes, we have been interested in the 5'-nucleotidase cN-II and its role in cancer biology and in response of cancer cells to treatments. This protein has been cited and studied in a large number of papers published during the last decade for its involvement in non-cancerous pathologies such as hereditary spastic paraplegia, schizophrenia, and blood pressure regulation. Here, we review these articles in order to give an overview of the recently discovered clinical relevance of cN-II.
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9
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Pesi R, Petrotto E, Colombaioni L, Allegrini S, Garcia-Gil M, Camici M, Jordheim LP, Tozzi MG. Cytosolic 5'-Nucleotidase II Silencing in a Human Lung Carcinoma Cell Line Opposes Cancer Phenotype with a Concomitant Increase in p53 Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2115. [PMID: 30037008 PMCID: PMC6073589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purine homeostasis is maintained by a purine cycle in which the regulated member is a cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II (cN-II) hydrolyzing IMP and GMP. Its expression is particularly high in proliferating cells, indeed high cN-II activity or expression in hematological malignancy has been associated to poor prognosis and chemoresistance. Therefore, a strong interest has grown in developing cN-II inhibitors, as potential drugs alone or in combination with other compounds. As a model to study the effect of cN-II inhibition we utilized a lung carcinoma cell line (A549) in which the enzyme was partially silenced and its low activity conformation was stabilized through incubation with 2-deoxyglucose. We measured nucleotide content, reduced glutathione, activities of enzymes involved in glycolysis and Krebs cycle, protein synthesis, mitochondrial function, cellular proliferation, migration and viability. Our results demonstrate that high cN-II expression is associated with a glycolytic, highly proliferating phenotype, while silencing causes a reduction of proliferation, protein synthesis and migration ability, and an increase of oxidative performances. Similar results were obtained in a human astrocytoma cell line. Moreover, we demonstrate that cN-II silencing is concomitant with p53 phosphorylation, suggesting a possible involvement of this pathway in mediating some of cN-II roles in cancer cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Pesi
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Petrotto
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Laura Colombaioni
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Unità Fisiologia Generale, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marcella Camici
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France.
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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Al-Rashida M, Qazi SU, Batool N, Hameed A, Iqbal J. Ectonucleotidase inhibitors: a patent review (2011-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:1291-1304. [PMID: 28870136 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1369958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ectonucleotidases are a broad family of metallo-ectoenzymes that are responsible for hydrolysing a variety of nucleotides to nucleosides, hence orchestrating the activation of P1 and P2 cell receptors via controlled release of nucleotides and nucleosides. Many disorders such as impaired calcification including aortic calcification, neurological and immunological disorders, platelet aggregation, cell proliferation and metastasis. are characterized by an increase in expression of these ectonucleotidases. Consequently, selective inhibitors of ectonucleotidases are required for therapeutic intervention. Area covered: Several classes of compounds such as purine, nucleotide derivatives (e.g., ARL67156) and monoclonal antibodies, have shown promising ectonucleotidase inhibitory potential. This review discusses chemistry and therapeutic applications of ectonucleotidase inhibitors patented from 2011 to 2016. Expert opinion: All eukaryotic cells express nucleotide and nucleoside receptors on their cell surface and are capable of releasing extracellular nucleotides. Ectonucleotidases are a broad family of metallo-ectoenzymes that hydrolyze a variety of nucleotides to nucleosides. These extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides are important cell signalling molecules and mediate a variety of (patho)physiological processes by acting upon their respective P1 and/or P2 receptors. Discovery of molecules that can selectively inhibit or activate ectonucleotidases is crucial from therapeutic point of view, since it allows human intervention into purinergic cell signalling, thereby allowing us to modulate related (patho)physiological processes as desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Al-Rashida
- a Department of Chemistry , Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Syeda Uroos Qazi
- b H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Nayab Batool
- c Institute of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed
- b H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- d Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad , Pakistan
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Bricard G, Cadassou O, Cassagnes LE, Cros-Perrial E, Payen-Gay L, Puy JY, Lefebvre-Tournier I, Tozzi MG, Dumontet C, Jordheim LP. The cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase cN-II lowers the adaptability to glucose deprivation in human breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67380-67393. [PMID: 28978040 PMCID: PMC5620180 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase cN-II is a highly conserved enzyme implicated in nucleotide metabolism. Based on recent observations suggesting additional roles not directly associated to its enzymatic activity, we studied human cancer cell models with basal or decreased cN-II expression. We developed cancer cells with stable inhibition of cN-II expression by transfection of shRNA-coding plasmids, and studied their biology. We show that human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 with decreased cN-II expression better adapt to the disappearance of glucose in growth medium under normoxic conditions than cells with a baseline expression level. This is associated with enhanced in vivo growth and a lower content of ROS in cells cultivated in absence of glucose due to more efficient mechanisms of elimination of ROS. Conversely, cells with low cN-II expression are more sensitive to glucose deprivation in hypoxic conditions. Overall, our results show that cN-II regulates the cellular response to glucose deprivation through a mechanism related to ROS metabolism and defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bricard
- Université De Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Octavia Cadassou
- Université De Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laure-Estelle Cassagnes
- Université De Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emeline Cros-Perrial
- Université De Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Léa Payen-Gay
- Université De Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Biochemistry Laboratory of Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Puy
- IBMM, UMR 5247, CNRS - UM - ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Université De Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Université De Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
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12
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Bricard G, Cros-Perrial E, Machon C, Dumontet C, Jordheim LP. Stably transfected adherent cancer cell models with decreased expression of 5'-nucleotidase cN-II. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 35:604-612. [PMID: 27906612 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2016.1163375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The 5'-nucleotidase cN-II has been shown to be associated with the sensitivity to nucleoside analogues, the survival of cytarabine treated leukemia patients and to cell proliferation. Due to the lack of relevant cell models for solid tumors, we developed four cell lines with low cN-II expression and characterized them concerning their in vitro sensitivity to cancer drugs and their intracellular nucleotide pools. All four cell models had an important decrease of cN-II expression but did not show modified sensitivity, cell proliferation or nucleotide pools. Our cell models will be important for the study of the role of cN-II in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bricard
- a Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,b Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,c INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France.,d CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France.,e Centre Léon Bérard , Lyon , France
| | - Emeline Cros-Perrial
- a Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,b Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,c INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France.,d CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France.,e Centre Léon Bérard , Lyon , France
| | - Christelle Machon
- a Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,b Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,f Hospices Civils de Lyon , Lyon , France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- a Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,b Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,c INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France.,d CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France.,e Centre Léon Bérard , Lyon , France.,f Hospices Civils de Lyon , Lyon , France
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- a Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,b Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,c INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France.,d CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France.,e Centre Léon Bérard , Lyon , France
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13
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Demaree CJ, Soliz JM, Gebhardt R. Cancer Seeding Risk from an Epidural Blood Patch in Patients with Leukemia or Lymphoma. PAIN MEDICINE 2016; 18:786-790. [DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnw218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Di Liberto V, Mudò G, Garozzo R, Frinchi M, Fernandez-Dueñas V, Di Iorio P, Ciccarelli R, Caciagli F, Condorelli DF, Ciruela F, Belluardo N. The Guanine-Based Purinergic System: The Tale of An Orphan Neuromodulation. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:158. [PMID: 27378923 PMCID: PMC4911385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine-based purines (GBPs) have been recently proposed to be not only metabolic agents but also extracellular signaling molecules that regulate important functions in the central nervous system. In such way, GBPs-mediated neuroprotection, behavioral responses and neuronal plasticity have been broadly described in the literature. However, while a number of these functions (i.e., GBPs neurothophic effects) have been well-established, the molecular mechanisms behind these GBPs-dependent effects are still unknown. Furthermore, no plasma membrane receptors for GBPs have been described so far, thus GBPs are still considered orphan neuromodulators. Interestingly, an intricate and controversial functional interplay between GBPs effects and adenosine receptors activity has been recently described, thus triggering the hypothesis that GBPs mechanism of action might somehow involve adenosine receptors. Here, we review recent data describing the GBPs role in the brain. We focus on the involvement of GBPs regulating neuronal plasticity, and on the new hypothesis based on putative GBPs receptors. Overall, we expect to shed some light on the GBPs world since although these molecules might represent excellent candidates for certain neurological diseases management, the lack of putative GBPs receptors precludes any high throughput screening intent for the search of effective GBPs-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Garozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Unit of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Víctor Fernandez-Dueñas
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniele F Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Unit of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
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15
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Rampazzo C, Tozzi MG, Dumontet C, Jordheim LP. The druggability of intracellular nucleotide-degrading enzymes. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 77:883-93. [PMID: 26614508 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide metabolism is the target of a large number of anticancer drugs including antimetabolites and specific enzyme inhibitors. We review scientific findings that over the last 10-15 years have allowed the identification of several intracellular nucleotide-degrading enzymes as cancer drug targets, and discuss further potential therapeutic applications for Rcl, SAMHD1, MTH1 and cN-II. We believe that enzymes involved in nucleotide metabolism represent potent alternatives to conventional cancer chemotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rampazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon 1, 69622, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France. .,Université de Lyon 1, 69622, Lyon, France. .,Université de Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France. .,INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France. .,CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France. .,Centre Léon Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France. .,Equipe Anticorps-Anticancer, INSERM U1052 - CNRS UMR 5286, Faculté Rockefeller, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.
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16
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Cividini F, Cros-Perrial E, Pesi R, Machon C, Allegrini S, Camici M, Dumontet C, Jordheim LP, Tozzi MG. Cell proliferation and drug sensitivity of human glioblastoma cells are altered by the stable modulation of cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 65:222-9. [PMID: 26079827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II (cN-II) has been reported to be involved in cell survival, nucleotide metabolism and in the cellular response to anticancer drugs. With the aim to further evaluate the role of this enzyme in cell biology, we stably modulated its expression the human glioblastoma cell ADF in which the transient inhibition of cN-II has been shown to induce cell death. Stable cell lines were obtained both with inhibition, obtained with plasmids coding cN-II-targeting short hairpin RNA, and stimulation, obtained with plasmids coding Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP)-fused wild type cN-II or a GFP-fused hyperactive mutant (GFP-cN-II-R367Q), of cN-II expression. Silenced cells displayed a decreased proliferation rate while the over expressing cell lines displayed an increased proliferation rate as evidenced by impedance measurement using the xCELLigence device. The expression of nucleotide metabolism relevant genes was only slightly different between cell lines, suggesting a compensatory mechanism in transfected cells. Cells with decreased cN-II expression were resistant to the nucleoside analog fludarabine confirming the involvement of cN-II in the metabolism of this drug. Finally, we observed sensitivity to cisplatin in cN-II silenced cells and resistance to this same drug in cN-II over-expressing cells indicating an involvement of cN-II in the mechanism of action of platinum derivatives, and most probably in DNA repair. In summary, our findings confirm some previous data on the role of cN-II in the sensitivity of cancer cells to cancer drugs, and suggest its involvement in other cellular phenomenon such as cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cividini
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, Pisa, Italy.
| | - E Cros-Perrial
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon 1, F-69622 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - R Pesi
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Machon
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Toxicologie, Lyon, France
| | - S Allegrini
- University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacology, Sassari, Italy
| | - M Camici
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Dumontet
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon 1, F-69622 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - L P Jordheim
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon 1, F-69622 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - M G Tozzi
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, Pisa, Italy
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17
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Cividini F, Filoni DN, Pesi R, Allegrini S, Camici M, Tozzi MG. IMP-GMP specific cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase regulates nucleotide pool and prodrug metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1354-61. [PMID: 25857773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type II cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase (cN-II) catalyzes the hydrolysis of purine and, to some extent, of pyrimidine monophosphates. Recently, a number of papers demonstrated the involvement of cN-II in the mechanisms of resistance to antitumor drugs such as cytarabine, gemcitabine and fludarabine. Furthermore, cN-II is involved in drug resistance in patients affected by hematological malignancies influencing the clinical outcome. Although the implication of cN-II expression and/or activity appears to be correlated with drug resistance and poor prognosis, the molecular mechanism by which cN-II mediates drug resistance is still unknown. METHODS HEK 293 cells carrying an expression vector coding for cN-II linked to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a control vector without cN-II were utilized. A highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis method was applied for nucleotide pool determination and cytotoxicity exerted by drugs was determined with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS Over-expression of cN-II causes a drop of nucleoside triphosphate concentration and a general disturbance of nucleotide pool. Over-expressing cells were resistant to fludarabine, gemcitabine and cytarabine independently of cN-II ability to hydrolyze their monophosphates. CONCLUSIONS An increase of cN-II expression is sufficient to cause both a general disturbance of nucleotide pool and an increase of half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the drugs. Since the monophosphates of cytarabine and gemcitabine are not substrates of cN-II, the protection observed cannot be directly ascribed to drug inactivation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that cN-II exerts a relevant role in nucleotide and drug metabolism through not only enzyme activity but also a mechanism involving a protein-protein interaction, thus playing a general regulatory role in cell survival. SENTENCE Resistance to fludarabine, gemcitabine and cytarabine can be determined by an increase of cN-II both through dephosphorylation of active drugs and perturbation of nucleotide pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cividini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Nicole Filoni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127, Pisa, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Muroni 23A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rossana Pesi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Muroni 23A, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Marcella Camici
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127, Pisa, Italy
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