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Richness, not evenness, varies across water availability gradients in grassy biomes on five continents. Oecologia 2022; 199:649-659. [PMID: 35833986 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We sought to understand the role that water availability (expressed as an aridity index) plays in determining regional and global patterns of richness and evenness, and in turn how these water availability-diversity relationships may result in different richness-evenness relationships at regional and global scales. We examined relationships between water availability, richness and evenness for eight grassy biomes spanning broad water availability gradients on five continents. Our study found that relationships between richness and water availability switched from positive for drier (South Africa, Tibet and USA) vs. negative for wetter (India) biomes, though were not significant for the remaining biomes. In contrast, only the India biome showed a significant relationship between water availability and evenness, which was negative. Globally, the richness-water availability relationship was hump-shaped, however, not significant for evenness. At the regional scale, a positive richness-evenness relationship was found for grassy biomes in India and Inner Mongolia, China. In contrast, this relationship was weakly concave-up globally. These results suggest that different, independent factors are determining patterns of species richness and evenness in grassy biomes, resulting in differing richness-evenness relationships at regional and global scales. As a consequence, richness and evenness may respond very differently across spatial gradients to anthropogenic changes, such as climate change.
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Wen X, Zhu J, Cai L, Tang G, Zeng W, Luo Y, Zhang Q, Zhao H, Li X, Qi H. A familial 3q28q29 duplication induced mild intellectual disability: case presentation and literature review. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:1663-1671. [PMID: 35422908 PMCID: PMC8991147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The 3q29 duplication syndrome is an uncommon imbalanced chromosomal disorder with highly variable manifestations, mainly characterized by a mild mental anomaly, eye abnormalities, and developmental delay. Only a few such cases have been reported with significant phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we reported a case with familial 3q28q29 duplication that was 8.5 Mb in length, covering all fragments from previous reports. A series of genetic detection techniques, including karyotyping, chromosomal microarray, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, demonstrated that the rearrangement, in this case, was due to a three-chromosome translocation of the paternal grandmother of the fetus. Interestingly, only mild intellectual disability in the father and slightly thick nuchal translucency (NT) in the fetus were observed. The fetus was delivered at term and showed normal developmental milestones. Our study increased the understanding of this syndrome and highlighted the necessity and importance of the rational use of multiple genetic techniques in prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jianjiang Zhu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital Beijing 100080, China
| | - Lirong Cai
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital Beijing 100080, China
| | - Guodong Tang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital Beijing 100080, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital Beijing 100080, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital Beijing 100080, China
| | - Huawei Zhao
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital Beijing 100080, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital Beijing 100080, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital Beijing 100080, China
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Liehr T. Uniparental disomy is a chromosomic disorder in the first place. Mol Cytogenet 2022; 15:5. [PMID: 35177099 PMCID: PMC8851757 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uniparental disomy (UPD) is well-known to be closely intermingled with imprinting disorders. Besides, UPD can lead to a disease by ‘activation’ of a recessive gene mutation or due to incomplete (cryptic) trisomic rescue. Corresponding to all common theories how UPD forms, it takes place as a consequence of a “chromosomic problem”, like an aneuploidy or a chromosomal rearrangement. Nonetheless, UPD is rarely considered as a cytogenetic, but most often as a molecular genetic problem. Results Here a review on the ~ 4900 published UPD-cases is provided, and even though being biased as discussed in the paper, the following insights have been given from that analysis: (1) the rate of maternal to paternal UPD is 2~3 to 1; (2) at most only ~ 0.03% of the available UPD cases are grasped scientifically, yet; (3) frequencies of single whole-chromosome UPDs are non-random, with UPD(16) and UPD(15) being most frequent in clinically healthy and diseased people, respectively; (4) there is a direct correlation of UPD frequency and known frequent first trimester trisomies, except for chromosomes 1, 5, 11 and 18 (which can be explained); (5) heterodisomy is under- and UPD-mosaicism is over-represented in recent reports; and (6) cytogenetics is not considered enough when a UPD is identified. Conclusions As UPD is diagnosed using molecular genetic approaches, and thus by specialists considering chromosomes at best as a whim of nature, most UPD reports lack the chromosomal aspect. Here it is affirmed and substantiated by corresponding data that UPD is a chromosomic disorder in the first place and cytogenetic analyses is indicated in each diagnosed UPD-case. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13039-022-00585-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Resveratrol in In vivo and In vitro Experimental Models of Parkinson's Disease: a Systematic Review. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:319-345. [PMID: 35013904 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently the second most common neurodegenerative disease, being characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. The therapeutic options available for its treatment are limited, do not slow the progression of the disease, and have serious side effects. For this reason, many studies have sought to find compounds with neuroprotective properties that bring additional benefits to current therapy. In this context, resveratrol is a phenolic compound, found in many plant species, capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and having multiple biological properties. Experimental studies in vitro and in vivo have shown that it can prevent or slow the progression of a variety of diseases, including PD. In this systematic review, we summarize the effects of resveratrol in experimental in vivo and in vitro models of PD and discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in its action. The bibliographic search was performed in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, and Google Scholar, and based on the inclusion criteria, 41 articles were selected and discussed. Most of the included studies have demonstrated neuroprotective effects of resveratrol. In general, resveratrol prevented behavioral and/or neurological disorders, improved antioxidant defenses, reduced neuroinflammatory processes, and inhibited apoptosis. In summary, this systematic review offers important scientific evidence of neuroprotective effects of resveratrol in PD and also provide valuable information about its mechanism of action that can support future clinical studies.
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Slagter AE, Vollebergh MA, Caspers IA, van Sandick JW, Sikorska K, Lind P, Nordsmark M, Putter H, Braak JPBM, Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg E, van de Velde CJH, Jansen EPM, Cats A, van Laarhoven HWM, van Grieken NCT, Verheij M. Prognostic value of tumor markers and ctDNA in patients with resectable gastric cancer receiving perioperative treatment: results from the CRITICS trial. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:401-410. [PMID: 34714423 PMCID: PMC8882113 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of tumor markers in a European cohort of patients with resectable gastric cancer. METHODS We performed a post hoc analysis of the CRITICS trial, in which 788 patients received perioperative therapy. Association between survival and pretreatment CEA, CA 19-9, alkaline phosphatase, neutrophils, hemoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase were explored in uni- and multivariable Cox regression analyses. Likelihoods to receive potentially curative surgery were investigated for patients without elevated tumor markers versus one of the tumor markers elevated versus both tumor markers elevated. The association between tumor markers and the presence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was explored in 50 patients with available ctDNA data. RESULTS In multivariable analysis, in which we corrected for allocated treatment and other baseline characteristics, elevated pretreatment CEA (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.11-1.85, p < 0.001) and CA 19-9 (HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.42-2.25, p < 0.001) were associated with worse OS. Likelihoods to receive potentially curative surgery were 86%, 77% and 60% for patients without elevated tumor marker versus either elevated CEA or CA 19-9 versus both elevated, respectively (p < 0.001). Although both preoperative presence of ctDNA and tumor markers were prognostic for survival, no association was found between these two parameters. CONCLUSION CEA and CA 19-9 were independent prognostic factors for survival in a large cohort of European patients with resectable gastric cancer. No relationship was found between tumor markers and ctDNA. These factors could potentially guide treatment choices and should be included in future trials to determine their definitive position. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT00407186. EudraCT number: 2006-00413032.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid E. Slagter
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke A. Vollebergh
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene A. Caspers
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna W. van Sandick
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karolina Sikorska
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Department of Biometrics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pehr Lind
- grid.416648.90000 0000 8986 2221Department of Oncology, Stockholm Söder Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Nordsmark
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Medical Oncology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hein Putter
- grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Biometrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey P. B. M. Braak
- grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis J. H. van de Velde
- grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin P. M. Jansen
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Cats
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole C. T. van Grieken
- grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheij
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 32, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Aspergillus sp. A31 and Curvularia geniculata P1 mitigate mercury toxicity to Oryza sativa L. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5345-5361. [PMID: 34387704 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus sp. A31 and Curvularia geniculata P1 are endophytes that colonize the roots of Aeschynomene fluminensis Vell. and Polygonum acuminatum Kunth. in humid environments contaminated with mercury. The two strains mitigated mercury toxicity and promoted Oryza sativa L growth. C. geniculata P1 stood out for increasing the host biomass by fourfold and reducing the negative effects of the metal on photosynthesis. Assembling and annotation of Aspergillus sp. A31 and C. geniculata P1 genomes resulted in 28.60 Mb (CG% 53.1; 10,312 coding DNA sequences) and 32.92 Mb (CG% 50.72; 8,692 coding DNA sequences), respectively. Twelve and 27 genomes of Curvularia/Bipolaris and Aspergillus were selected for phylogenomic analyzes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis inferred the separation of species from the genus Curvularia and Bipolaris into different clades, and the separation of species from the genus Aspergillus into three clades; the species were distinguished by occupied niche. The genomes had essential gene clusters for the adaptation of microorganisms to high metal concentrations, such as proteins of the phytoquelatin-metal complex (GO: 0090423), metal ion binders (GO: 0046872), ABC transporters (GO: 0042626), ATPase transporters (GO: 0016887), and genes related to response to reactive oxygen species (GO: 0000302) and oxidative stress (GO: 0006979). The results reported here help to understand the unique regulatory mechanisms of mercury tolerance and plant development.
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Comparative Effect of Fertilization Practices on Soil Microbial Diversity and Activity: An Overview. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3644-3655. [PMID: 34480627 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Continuously increasing human population demands increased food production, which needs greater fertilizer's input in agricultural lands to enhance crop yield. In this respect, different fertilization practices gained acceptance among farmers. We reviewed effect of three main fertilization practices (Conventional-, Organic-, and Bio-fertilization) on soil microbial diversity, activity, and community composition. Studies reported that over application of inorganic fertilizers decline soil pH, change soil osmolarity, cause soil degradation, disturb taxonomic diversity and metabolism of soil microbes and cause accumulation of extra nutrients into the soil such as phosphorous (P) accumulation. On the contrary, organic fertilizers increase organic carbon (OC) input in the soil, which strongly encourage growth of heterotrophic microbes. Organic fertilizer vermicompost application provides readily available nutrients to both plants as well as microbes and encourage overall microbial number in the soil. Most recently, role of beneficial bacteria in long-term sustainable agriculture attracted attention of scientists towards their use as biofertilizer in the soil. Studies documented favorable effect of biofertilization on microbial Shannon, Chao and ACE diversity indices in the soil. It is concluded from intensive review of literature that all the three fertilization practices have their own way to benefit the soil with nutrients, but biofertilization provides long-term sustainability to crop lands. When it is used in integration with organic fertilizers, it makes the soil best for microbial growth and activity and increase microbial diversity, providing nutrients to soil for a longer time, thus improving crop productivity.
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Castro GV, Latorre AFS, Korndorfer FP, de Carlos Back LK, Lofgren SE. The Impact of Variants in Four Genes: MC4R, FTO, PPARG and PPARGC1A in Overweight and Obesity in a Large Sample of the Brazilian Population. Biochem Genet 2021; 59:1666-1679. [PMID: 34057646 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are worldwide public health problems with an evident genetic predisposition that is still poorly understood. In addition, great variability has been described across populations. In this work, we analyzed the association of variants in four genes: PPARG (rs1801282), PPARGC1A (rs8192678), FTO (rs9939609) and MC4R (rs17782313) with overweight and obesity in a large sample of the Brazilian population. The case-control study involved 4084 individuals (1844 with overweight or obesity; and 2240 with normal BMI). Genotyping was performed by quantitative PCR. MC4R rs17782313-C was associated with obesity (OR = 1.27, p = 0.038) and when stratifying by sex associated only in women (OR = 1.36, p = 0.030). FTO rs9939609-A allele was associated with overweight however for women it represented a risk factor (OR = 1.24, p = 0.034) and for men, a protective factor (OR = 0.68, p = 0.033). PPARG was the strongest associated gene, with both overweight and obesity, and this association was also restricted to women (rs1801282-GG OR = 1.46, p = 0.027). The combined effect of the three risk alleles on overweight and obesity had an OR of 1.65 (p = 0.008) and when stratifying by sex again it was significant only in females (OR = 1.95, p = 0.0028). Our findings indicate that the three genes play a significant role in predisposing to overweight and/or obesity in the Brazilian population, reaching together a relatively high impact on these traits. Interestingly our results also suggest a strong sex-specific genetic effect of these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Vaisam Castro
- Biogenetika Individualized Medicine, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Department of Cell Biology, Embriology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Preclinical Animal Models of Tumor Growth: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:993-1006. [PMID: 33860455 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cell derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have been implicated in the regulation of tumor growth. Studies remain preclinical with effects ranging from inhibition of tumor growth to cancer progression. A systematic review and meta-analysis is needed to clarify the effect of MSC-EVs on tumor growth to facilitate potential translation to clinical trials. METHODS A systematic search of the literature (MEDLINE, Embase, and BIOSIS databases to June 1, 2019) identified all pre-clinical controlled studies investigating the effect of MSC-EVs on tumor growth. Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Potential risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE tool. A random effects meta-analysis of reduction in tumor weight/volume (primary outcome) was performed. RESULTS We identified 29 articles and 22 reported data on tumor responses that were included for meta-analysis. Studies were associated with unclear risk of bias in a large proportion of domains in accordance with the SYRCLE tool for determining risk of bias in preclinical studies. A high risk of bias was not identified in any study. MSC-EVs had a mixed response on tumor progression with some studies reporting inhibition of tumor growth and others reporting tumor progression. Overall, MSC-EVs exerted a non-significant reduction in tumor growth compared to controls (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.80, 95 % CI -1.64 to 0.03, p = 0.06, I2 = 87 %). Some studies reported increased tumor growth which aligned with their stated hypothesis and some interrogated mechanisms in cancer biology. EVs isolated from MSCs that overexpressed anti-tumor RNAs were associated with significant tumor reduction in meta-analysis (SMD - 2.40, 95 % CI -3.36 to -1.44, p < 0.001). Heterogeneity between studies was observed and included aspects of study design such as enrichment of MSC-EVs with specific anti-tumor molecules, tissue source of MSCs, method of EV isolation, characterization of MSCs and EVs, dosage and administration schedules, and tissue type and source of tumor cells studied. CONCLUSIONS MSC-EVs are associated with mixed effects on tumor growth in animal models of cancer. In studies where anti-tumor RNAs are packaged in EVs, a significant reduction in tumor growth was observed. Reducing heterogeneity in study design may accelerate our understanding of the potential effects of MSC-EVs on cancer. [274 words] Forest plot of MSC-EV effect on tumor growth accordinggenetic modification of EVs in animal studies identified from a systematicreview of the literature. All cohorts from studies with multiple interventiongroups are presented separately with control groups divided equally among thegroups. M, modified; H, hypoxia.
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Han Z, Chai W, Wang Z, Xiao F, Dai J. Quantum energy levels of glutamate modulate neural biophotonic signals. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:343-356. [PMID: 33721274 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and it plays an essential and important role in neural functions. Current studies have shown that glutamate can induce neural biophotonic activity and transmission, which may involve the mechanism of photon quantum brain; however, it is unclear whether such a mechanism follows the principle of quantum mechanics. Here we show that the action of glutamate on its receptors leads to a decrease in its quantum energy levels, and glutamate then partially or completely loses its function to further induce the biophotonic activity in mouse brain slices. The reduced quantum energy levels of glutamate can be restored by direct-current electrical discharges and the use of energy transfer of chloroplast photosynthesis; hence, the quantum energy recovered glutamate can again induce significant biophotonic activity. Furthermore, the changes in quantum energy levels of glutamate are related to the exchange and transfer of electron energy on its active hydrogen atom. These findings suggest that the glutamate-induced neural biophotonic signals may be involved in the transfer of the quantum energy levels of glutamate, which implies a quantum mechanism of neurotransmitter action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Han
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering (WINN), South-Central University for Nationalities, Minzu Dadao 182, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Department of Neurobiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Weitai Chai
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering (WINN), South-Central University for Nationalities, Minzu Dadao 182, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Department of Neurobiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering (WINN), South-Central University for Nationalities, Minzu Dadao 182, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Department of Neurobiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fangyan Xiao
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering (WINN), South-Central University for Nationalities, Minzu Dadao 182, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Department of Neurobiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering (WINN), South-Central University for Nationalities, Minzu Dadao 182, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Department of Neurobiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Beltsios ET, Mavrovounis G, Adamou A, Panagiotopoulos N. Talc pleurodesis in malignant pleural effusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 69:832-842. [PMID: 33222091 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-020-01549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malignant pleural effusion is a severe and common complication in patients with primary or metastatic malignancies of the pleura. Although talc pleurodesis is widely used for managing malignant pleural effusions, there is still controversy in the literature regarding its superiority compared to other approaches. We conducted this meta-analysis to further investigate its efficacy compared to alternative interventions. METHODS We systematically reviewed the PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases to identify studies that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Study quality was evaluated using validated tools and the pooled Risk Ratio (RR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated. We performed sensitivity analyses based on the meta-analysis method and type of study. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included in the current systematic review meta-analysis. Talc pleurodesis was associated with statistically significant higher successful pleurodesis rates when compared with all controls [RR (95% CI) 1.15 (1.00, 1.31); Pz = 0.04], only chemical controls [RR (95% CI) 1.26 (1.13, 1.40); Pz < 0.0001], and bleomycin [RR (95% CI) 1.22 (1.05, 1.42); Pz = 0.008]. The comparison between talc pleurodesis and controls at the > 1-month follow-up time point favored talc pleurodesis [RR (95% CI): 1.62 (1.15, 2.27); Pz = 0.005]. Finally, talc poudrage was associated with a statistically significant higher successful pleurodesis rate when compared with all controls. Sensitivity analyses verified the robustness of our results. CONCLUSION Talc pleurodesis is an effective MPE management approach presenting borderline statistically significant superiority compared to control methods especially compared to bleomycin as well as when pleurodesis success is evaluated later than 1 month postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios T Beltsios
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), London, UK. .,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Biopolis, Greece.
| | - Georgios Mavrovounis
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Biopolis, Greece
| | - Antonis Adamou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Biopolis, Greece.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-enzyme 2, a new target for Listeria spp. detection identified using combined phage display technologies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15267. [PMID: 32943681 PMCID: PMC7498459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Listeria comprises ubiquitous bacteria, commonly present in foods and food production facilities. In this study, three different phage display technologies were employed to discover targets, and to generate and characterize novel antibodies against Listeria: antibody display for biomarker discovery and antibody generation; ORFeome display for target identification; and single-gene display for epitope characterization. With this approach, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex—enzyme 2 (PDC-E2) was defined as a new detection target for Listeria, as confirmed by immunomagnetic separation-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS). Immunoblot and fluorescence microscopy showed that this protein is accessible on the bacterial cell surface of living cells. Recombinant PDC-E2 was produced in E. coli and used to generate 16 additional antibodies. The resulting set of 20 monoclonal scFv-Fc was tested in indirect ELISA against 17 Listeria and 16 non-Listeria species. Two of them provided 100% sensitivity (CI 82.35–100.0%) and specificity (CI 78.20–100.0%), confirming PDC-E2 as a suitable target for the detection of Listeria. The binding region of 18 of these antibodies was analyzed, revealing that ≈ 90% (16/18) bind to the lipoyl domains (LD) of the target. The novel target PDC-E2 and highly specific antibodies against it offer new opportunities to improve the detection of Listeria.
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Silvestre D, Guy J, Hanck J, Cornish K, Bertone A. Different luminance- and texture-defined contrast sensitivity profiles for school-aged children. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13039. [PMID: 32747677 PMCID: PMC7400652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of how the visual brain develops is based largely on the study of luminance-defined information processing. This approach, however, is somewhat limiting, since everyday scenes are composed of complex images, consisting of information characterized by physical attributes relating to both luminance and texture. Few studies have explored how contrast sensitivity to texture-defined information develops, particularly throughout the school-aged years. The current study investigated how contrast sensitivity to luminance- (luminance-modulated noise) and texture-defined (contrast-modulated noise) static gratings develops in school-aged children. Contrast sensitivity functions identified distinct profiles for luminance- and texture-defined gratings across spatial frequencies (SFs) and age. Sensitivity to luminance-defined gratings reached maturity in childhood by the ages of 9–10 years for all SFs (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 cycles/degree or cpd). Sensitivity to texture-defined gratings reached maturity at 5–6 years for low SFs and 7–8 years for high SFs (i.e., 4 cpd). These results establish that the processing of luminance- and texture-defined information develop differently as a function of SF and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Silvestre
- Perceptual Neuroscience Lab (PNLab) for Autism and Development, Department of Education and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 1Y2, Canada
| | - Jacalyn Guy
- Perceptual Neuroscience Lab (PNLab) for Autism and Development, Department of Education and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 1Y2, Canada.,MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julie Hanck
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kim Cornish
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Armando Bertone
- Perceptual Neuroscience Lab (PNLab) for Autism and Development, Department of Education and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 1Y2, Canada.
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14
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Altered β-Cell Calcium Dynamics via Electric Field Exposure. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 49:106-114. [PMID: 32323041 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Electric field stimulation has long been investigated with results supporting its therapeutic potential; however, its effects on insulin secreting cells has yet to be fully elucidated. Herein we explored the effects of physiological direct current (DC) electric field stimulation on the intracellular calcium dynamics of mouse derived βTC-6 insulinoma cells. This electrical stimulation resulted in an elevation in intracellular calcium along with a rise in calcium spiking activity. Further investigation indicated that the rise in intracellular calcium was mediated by an influx of calcium via L-type voltage gated calcium channels. Additionally, the effects of the electric field stimulation were able to induce insulin secretion in the absence of glucose stimulation. Given these results, DC electric field stimulation could be used as a non-invasive tool to modulate intracellular calcium dynamics and insulin secretion of β-cells for therapeutic application.
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15
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Kruszka P, Martinez AF, Muenke M. Molecular testing in holoprosencephaly. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 178:187-193. [PMID: 29771000 PMCID: PMC6125165 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a structural brain anomaly characterized by failure of the forebrain to separate during early embryogenesis. Both genetic and environmental etiologies of HPE have been discovered over the last three decades. Traditionally, the genetic workup for HPE has been a karyotype, chromosomal microarray, and/or Sanger sequencing of select genes. The recent increased availability of next-generation sequencing has changed the molecular diagnostic landscape for HPE, associating new genes with this disorder such as FGFR1. We conducted a systematic review of the medical literature for the molecular testing of HPE for studies published in the last 20 years. We also queried known commercial diagnostic laboratories and used information on their websites to construct a list of available commercial testing. Our group released its first recommendations in 2010 and this update incorporates the technology shifts and gene discoveries over the last decade. These recommendations provide a guide for genetic diagnosis of HPE, which is paramount for patients and their families for prognosis, treatment, and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ariel F Martinez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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16
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Niida Y, Ozaki M, Shimizu M, Ueno K, Tanaka T. Classification of Uniparental Isodisomy Patterns That Cause Autosomal Recessive Disorders: Proposed Mechanisms of Different Proportions and Parental Origin in Each Pattern. Cytogenet Genome Res 2018; 154:137-146. [PMID: 29656286 DOI: 10.1159/000488572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with autosomal recessive (AR) disorders are usually born to parents both of whom are heterozygous carriers of the disease. However, in some instances only one of the parents is a carrier and a mutation is segregated to the patient through uniparental isodisomy (UPiD). Recently, an increasing number of such case reports has been published, and it has become clear that there are several different UPiD patterns that cause AR disorders. In this article, we report 3 remarkable patients with different patterns of UPiD. We then review 85 cases collected in the literature. We realized that they can be classified into 3 patterns: UPiD of the whole chromosome, segmental UPiD with uniparental heterodisomy (UPhD), and segmental UPiD caused by post-zygotic mitotic recombination (MiRe). Whole chromosomal UPiD accounted for the majority of cases, with paternal origin accounting for approximately twice as many cases as maternal origin. Most cases of segmental UPiD with UPhD were of maternal origin, with a dominancy of nondisjunction in meiosis I, while segmental UPiD through MiRe is the smallest pattern with equal parental origin. These differences in proportion and parental origin in each pattern can be explained by considering nondisjunction during oogenesis as the starting point and UPiD as subsequent events.
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17
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Abstract
The majority of rare diseases affect children, most of whom have an underlying genetic cause for their condition. However, making a molecular diagnosis with current technologies and knowledge is often still a challenge. Paediatric genomics is an immature but rapidly evolving field that tackles this issue by incorporating next-generation sequencing technologies, especially whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing, into research and clinical workflows. This complex multidisciplinary approach, coupled with the increasing availability of population genetic variation data, has already resulted in an increased discovery rate of causative genes and in improved diagnosis of rare paediatric disease. Importantly, for affected families, a better understanding of the genetic basis of rare disease translates to more accurate prognosis, management, surveillance and genetic advice; stimulates research into new therapies; and enables provision of better support.
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18
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Genome-wide Target Enrichment-aided Chip Design: a 66 K SNP Chip for Cashmere Goat. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8621. [PMID: 28819310 PMCID: PMC5561203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with the commercially available single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip based on the Bead Chip technology, the solution hybrid selection (SHS)-based target enrichment SNP chip is not only design-flexible, but also cost-effective for genotype sequencing. In this study, we propose to design an animal SNP chip using the SHS-based target enrichment strategy for the first time. As an update to the international collaboration on goat research, a 66 K SNP chip for cashmere goat was created from the whole-genome sequencing data of 73 individuals. Verification of this 66 K SNP chip with the whole-genome sequencing data of 436 cashmere goats showed that the SNP call rates was between 95.3% and 99.8%. The average sequencing depth for target SNPs were 40X. The capture regions were shown to be 200 bp that flank target SNPs. This chip was further tested in a genome-wide association analysis of cashmere fineness (fiber diameter). Several top hit loci were found marginally associated with signaling pathways involved in hair growth. These results demonstrate that the 66 K SNP chip is a useful tool in the genomic analyses of cashmere goats. The successful chip design shows that the SHS-based target enrichment strategy could be applied to SNP chip design in other species.
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19
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Song Q, Peng M, Chu Y, Huang S. Techniques for detecting chromosomal aberrations in myelodysplastic syndromes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62716-62729. [PMID: 28977983 PMCID: PMC5617543 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous hematologic diseases. Chromosomal aberrations are important for the initiation, development, and progression of MDS. Detection of chromosomal abnormalities in MDS is important for categorization, risk stratification, therapeutic selection, and prognosis evaluation of the disease. Recent progress of multiple techniques has brought powerful molecular cytogenetic information to reveal copy number variation, uniparental disomy, and complex chromosomal aberrations in MDS. In this review, we will introduce some common chromosomal aberrations in MDS and their clinical significance. Then we will explain the application, advantages, and limitations of different techniques for detecting chromosomal abnormalities in MDS. The information in this review may be helpful for clinicians to select appropriate methods in patient-related decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Peng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Chu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiang Huang
- Molecular department, Kindstar Global, Wuhan, China
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20
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Niida Y, Yokoi A, Kuroda M, Mitani Y, Nakagawa H, Ozaki M. Reply to: Uniparental disomy of chromosome 1 unmasks recessive mutations of PPT1 in a boy with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 1. Brain Dev 2017; 39:184-185. [PMID: 27616753 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yo Niida
- Center for Medical Genetics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Ayano Yokoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mondo Kuroda
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ozaki
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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21
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Li N, Ding YU, Yu T, Li J, Shen Y, Wang X, Fu Q, Shen Y, Huang X, Wang J. Causal variants screened by whole exome sequencing in a patient with maternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 10 and a complicated phenotype. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2247-2253. [PMID: 27284308 PMCID: PMC4887894 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD), which is the abnormal situation in which both copies of a chromosomal pair have been inherited from one parent, may cause clinical abnormalities by affecting genomic imprinting or causing autosomal recessive variation. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) are powerful technologies used to search for underlying causal variants. In the present study, WES was used to screen for candidate causal variants in the genome of a Chinese pediatric patient, who had been shown by CMA to have maternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 10. This was associated with numerous severe medical problems, including bilateral deafness, binocular blindness, stunted growth and leukoderma. A total of 13 rare homozygous variants of these genes were identified on chromosome 10. These included a classical splice variant in the HPS1 gene (c.398+5G>A), which causes Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1 and may explain the patient's ocular and dermal disorders. In addition, six likely pathogenic genes on other chromosomes were found to be associated with the subject's ocular and aural disorders by phenotypic analysis. The results of the present study demonstrated that WES and CMA may be successfully combined in order to identify candidate causal genes. Furthermore, a connection between phenotype and genotype was established in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Li
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Y U Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yongnian Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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22
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Correction: Identifying Human Genome-Wide CNV, LOH and UPD by Targeted Sequencing of Selected Regions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132537. [PMID: 26135123 PMCID: PMC4489770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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