1
|
Alwahsh SM, Rashidi H, Hay DC. Liver cell therapy: is this the end of the beginning? Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1307-1324. [PMID: 29181772 PMCID: PMC5852182 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of liver diseases is increasing globally. Orthotopic liver transplantation is widely used to treat liver disease upon organ failure. The complexity of this procedure and finite numbers of healthy organ donors have prompted research into alternative therapeutic options to treat liver disease. This includes the transplantation of liver cells to promote regeneration. While successful, the routine supply of good quality human liver cells is limited. Therefore, renewable and scalable sources of these cells are sought. Liver progenitor and pluripotent stem cells offer potential cell sources that could be used clinically. This review discusses recent approaches in liver cell transplantation and requirements to improve the process, with the ultimate goal being efficient organ regeneration. We also discuss the potential off-target effects of cell-based therapies, and the advantages and drawbacks of current pre-clinical animal models used to study organ senescence, repopulation and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salamah M Alwahsh
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
| | - Hassan Rashidi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - David C Hay
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Squires JE, Soltys KA, McKiernan P, Squires RH, Strom SC, Fox IJ, Soto-Gutierrez A. Clinical Hepatocyte Transplantation: What Is Next? CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2017; 4:280-289. [PMID: 29732274 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-017-0165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review Significant recent scientific developments have occurred in the field of liver repopulation and regeneration. While techniques to facilitate liver repopulation with donor hepatocytes and different cell sources have been studied extensively in the laboratory, in recent years clinical hepatocyte transplantation (HT) and liver repopulation trials have demonstrated new disease indications and also immunological challenges that will require the incorporation of a fresh look and new experimental approaches. Recent findings Growth advantage and regenerative stimulus are necessary to allow donor hepatocytes to proliferate. Current research efforts focus on mechanisms of donor hepatocyte expansion in response to liver injury/preconditioning. Moreover, latest clinical evidence shows that important obstacles to HT include optimizing engraftment and limited duration of effectiveness, with hepatocytes being lost to immunological rejection. We will discuss alternatives for cellular rejection monitoring, as well as new modalities to follow cellular graft function and near-to-clinical cell sources. Summary HT partially corrects genetic disorders for a limited period of time and has been associated with reversal of ALF. The main identified obstacles that remain to make HT a curative approach include improving engraftment rates, and methods for monitoring cellular graft function and rejection. This review aims to discuss current state-of-the-art in clinical HT and provide insights into innovative approaches taken to overcome these obstacles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E Squires
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kyle A Soltys
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Patrick McKiernan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert H Squires
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stephen C Strom
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ira J Fox
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roach DR, Garrett WM, Welch G, Shuboni-Mulligan DD, Caperna TJ, Talbot NC, Shapiro EM. Correction: Magnetic Cell Labeling of Primary and Stem Cell-Derived Pig Hepatocytes for MRI-Based Cell Tracking of Hepatocyte Transplantation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185524. [PMID: 28934350 PMCID: PMC5608390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
4
|
Kluge M, Leder A, Hillebrandt KH, Struecker B, Geisel D, Denecke T, Major RD, Reutzel-Selke A, Tang P, Lippert S, Schmidt C, Pratschke J, Sauer IM, Raschzok N. The Magnetic Field of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems Does Not Affect Cells Labeled with Micrometer-Sized Iron Oxide Particles. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:412-421. [PMID: 28537490 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Labeling using iron oxide particles enables cell tracking through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the magnetic field can affect the particle-labeled cells. Here, we investigated the effects of a clinical MRI system on primary human hepatocytes labeled using micrometer-sized iron oxide particles (MPIOs). METHODS HuH7 tumor cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of biocompatible, silica-based, micrometer-sized iron oxide-containing particles (sMPIOs; 40-160 particles/cell). Primary human hepatocytes were incubated with 100 sMPIOs/cell. The particle-labeled cells and the native cells were imaged using a clinical 3.0 T MRI system, whereas the control groups of the labeled and unlabeled cells were kept at room temperature without exposure to a magnetic field. Viability, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), aspartate aminotransferase leakage, and urea and albumin synthesis were assessed for a culture period of 5 days. RESULTS The dose finding study showed no adverse effects of the sMPIOs labeling on HuH7 cells. MRI had no adverse effects on the morphology of the sMPIO-labeled primary human hepatocytes. Imaging using the T1- and T2-weighted sequences did not affect the viability, transaminase leakage, formation of ROS, or metabolic activity of the sMPIO-labeled cells or the unlabeled, primary human hepatocytes. CONCLUSION sMPIOs did not induce adverse effects on the labeled cells under the conditions of the magnetic field of a clinical MRI system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kluge
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Leder
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl H Hillebrandt
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Struecker
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Geisel
- 2 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timm Denecke
- 2 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebeka D Major
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Reutzel-Selke
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Tang
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Lippert
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Johann Pratschke
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany .,4 BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) , Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu L, Tseng L, Ye Q, Wu YL, Bain DJ, Ho C. A New Method for Preparing Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Labeling with Ferumoxytol for Cell Tracking by MRI. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26271. [PMID: 27188664 PMCID: PMC4870722 DOI: 10.1038/srep26271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are among the major stem cells used for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. In-vivo cell-tracking by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for regenerative medicine, allowing verification that the transplanted cells reach the targeted sites. Cellular MRI combined with superparamagnetic iron-oxide (SPIO) contrast agents is an effective cell-tracking method. Here, we are reporting a new “bio-mimicry” method by making use of the “in-vivo environment” of MSCs to prepare native MSCs, so that (i) the phagocytic activity of cultured MSCs can be recovered and expanded MSCs can be ex-vivo labeled with Ferumoxytol, which is currently the only FDA approved SPIO nanoparticles for human use. Using our new method, 7-day cultured MSCs regain the capability to take up Ferumoxytol and exhibit an intracellular iron concentration of 2.50 ± 0.50 pg/MSC, comparable to that obtained by using Ferumoxytol-heparin-protamine nanocomplex; and (ii) cells can be re-sized to more native size, reducing from 32.0 ± 7.2 μm to 19.5 ± 5.2 μm. Our method can be very useful for expanding MSCs and labeling with Ferumoxytol, without the need for transfection agents and/or electroporation, allowing cell-tracking by MRI in both pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lanya Tseng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yijen L Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Bain
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chien Ho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ji F, Hu AB. Hepatic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:5101-5106. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i32.5101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell mainly contain two types: embryonic stem cell (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC). Their hepatic differentiation and application in transplantation may make them serve as new seed cells for replacement therapy and become an effective adjunctive therapy for end-stage hepatic diseases. Recently, great progress has been made in the research of stem cell technology. For example, iPSCs can maintain pluripotency, and the application of iPSCs can avoid the ethical issues associated with the use of ESCs. The research of differentiation of stem cells has greatly shifted from differentiation into hepatic single-cell lineage to differentiation into liver tissues. All of these can improve the development of replacement therapy, and update the basic knowledge of ectogenesis of the liver.
Collapse
|