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Lin C, Hsieh WC, Loeslakwiboon K, Huang CL, Chen TC, Tsai S. Refined Techniques for Enabling Long-Term Cryo-Repository Using Vitrification and Laser Warming. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050605. [PMID: 37237675 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitrification and ultrarapid laser warming are crucial for the cryopreservation of animal embryos, oocytes, and other cells of medicinal, genetic, and agricultural value. In the present study, we focused on alignment and bonding techniques for a special cryojig that combines a jig tool and jig holder into one piece. This novel cryojig was used to obtain a high laser accuracy of 95% and a successful rewarming rate of 62%. The experimental results indicated that our refined device improved laser accuracy in the warming process after long-term cryo-storage through vitrification. We anticipate that our findings will lead to cryobanking applications that use vitrification and laser nanowarming to preserve cells and tissues from a wide range of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiahsin Lin
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94401, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Cheng-Liang Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chun Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Sujune Tsai
- Department of Post-Modern Agriculture, Mingdao University, Chang Hua 52345, Taiwan
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2
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Effect of Cryopreservation on Proteins from the Ubiquitous Marine Dinoflagellate Breviolum sp. (Family Symbiodiniaceae). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081731. [PMID: 34451777 PMCID: PMC8401993 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Coral reefs around the world are exposed to thermal stress from climate change, disrupting the delicate symbiosis between the coral host and its symbionts. Cryopreservation is an indispensable tool for the preservation of species, as well as the establishment of a gene bank. However, the development of cryopreservation techniques for application to symbiotic algae is limited, in addition to the scarceness of related studies on the molecular level impacts post-thawing. Hence, it is essential to set up a suitable freezing protocol for coral symbionts, as well as to analyze its cryo-injury at the molecular level. The objective of this study was to develop a suitable protocol for the coral symbiont Breviolum subjected to two-step freezing. The thawed Breviolum were then cultured for 3, 7, 14, and 28 days before they were analyzed by Western blot for protein expression, light-harvesting protein (LHP), and red fluorescent protein (RFP) and tested by adenosine triphosphate bioassay for cell viability. The results showed the highest cell viability for thawed Breviolum that was treated with 2 M propylene glycol (PG) and 2 M methanol (MeOH) and equilibrated with both cryoprotectants for 30 min and 20 min. Both treatment groups demonstrated a significant increase in cell population after 28 days of culture post-thawing, especially for the MeOH treatment group, whose growth rate was twice of the PG treatment group. Regarding protein expression, the total amounts of each type of protein were significantly affected by cryopreservation. After 28 days of culture, the protein expression for the MeOH treatment group showed no significant difference to that of the control group, whereas the protein expression for the PG treatment group showed a significant difference. Breviolum that were frozen with MeOH recovered faster upon thawing than those frozen with PG. LHP was positively and RFP was negatively correlated with Symbiodiniaceae viability and so could serve as health-informing biomarkers. This work represents the first time to document it in Symbiodiniaceae, and this study established a suitable protocol for the cryopreservation of Breviolum and further refined the current understanding of the impact of low temperature on its protein expression. By gaining further understanding of the use of cryopreservation as a way to conserve Symbiodiniaceae, we hope to make an effort in the remediation and conservation of the coral reef ecosystem and provide additional methods to rescue coral reefs.
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Cirino L, Wen ZH, Hsieh K, Huang CL, Leong QL, Wang LH, Chen CS, Daly J, Tsai S, Lin C. First instance of settlement by cryopreserved coral larvae in symbiotic association with dinoflagellates. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18851. [PMID: 31827193 PMCID: PMC6906398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are suffering on a global scale due to human impacts, thereby necessitating cryopreservation efforts. The objective of this study was to develop a suitable vitrification and laser warming protocol for larvae of the scleractinian coral Seriatopora caliendrum, which inherit their dinoflagellate algal symbionts vertically. Toxicity experiments were conducted with the cryoprotectants (CPAs) ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol (GLY), and methanol (METH; listed in order from least to most toxic), and larvae were subjected to vitrification and laser warming using 2 M EG + 1 M PG and 2 M EG + 1 M DMSO. Vitrification and laser warming (300 V, 10 ms pulse width, 2 mm beam diameter) using a vitrification solution of 2 M EG + 1 M PG, 40% w/v Ficoll, and 10% v/v gold nanobars (GNB) at a final concentration of 1.2 × 1018 GNB/mL and a characteristic wavelength of 535 nm resulted in larvae with vitality and settlement percentages of 55 and 9%, respectively. This represents the first successful instance of cryopreservation of coral larvae that proceeded to settle upon warming, and suggests that the vitrification and ultra-fast laser warming approach may be applicable to other threatened marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cirino
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yai-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yai-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Hsieh
- He Wei Precision Company Limited, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Qi Lun Leong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsueh Wang
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Shiarng Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yai-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan Daly
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, USA
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Hawaii, USA
| | - Sujune Tsai
- Department of Post Modern Agriculture, Mingdao University, Chang Hua, Taiwan.
| | - Chiahsin Lin
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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4
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Lin C, Thongpoo P, Juri C, Wang LH, Meng PJ, Kuo FW, Tsai S. Cryopreservation of a Thermotolerant Lineage of the Coral Reef Dinoflagellate Symbiodinium. Biopreserv Biobank 2019; 17:520-529. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2019.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiahsin Lin
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Preeyanuch Thongpoo
- Department of Science (Biology), Faculty of Science and Technology, Phuket Rajabhat University, Muang Phuket, Thailand
| | - Cynthia Juri
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsueh Wang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jie Meng
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Wen Kuo
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Sujune Tsai
- Department of Post Modern Agriculture, Mingdao University, Chang Hua, Taiwan
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Lei Z, Xie D, Mbogba MK, Chen Z, Tian C, Xu L, Zhao G. A microfluidic platform with cell-scale precise temperature control for simultaneous investigation of the osmotic responses of multiple oocytes. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1929-1940. [PMID: 31038148 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00107g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The temperature-dependent oocyte membrane permeability plays a significant role in oocyte cryopreservation, such as optimizing the addition/removal of cryoprotective agents and the rate of cooling/rewarming. However, the systems for studying the temperature dependence of oocyte membrane permeability are either too complicated or unable to achieve wide-range precise temperature control. In addition, these systems cannot achieve the simultaneous observation of multiple oocytes. Here, we report a novel microfluidic platform that combines a precise local temperature heater/detector and a simple global water bath to achieve wide-range accurate temperature control without increasing the difficulty of fabrication, and it also realizes non-interfering, position-controllable and non-missing capture of multiple oocytes for parallel experiments to increase throughput. The permeability coefficients (Lp, Ps) of the mouse oocyte membrane exposed to cryoprotective agents (1.5 M EG and 1.5 M PG) at four temperatures (4, 15, 25 and 37 °C) are consistent with those reported in previous works, which proves the feasibility and practicality of the microfluidic platform in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeling Lei
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China.
| | - Dongcheng Xie
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China. and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Momoh Karmah Mbogba
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhongrong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China.
| | - Conghui Tian
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China. and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China.
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Bajerski F, Stock J, Hanf B, Darienko T, Heine-Dobbernack E, Lorenz M, Naujox L, Keller ERJ, Schumacher HM, Friedl T, Eberth S, Mock HP, Kniemeyer O, Overmann J. ATP Content and Cell Viability as Indicators for Cryostress Across the Diversity of Life. Front Physiol 2018; 9:921. [PMID: 30065659 PMCID: PMC6056685 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In many natural environments, organisms get exposed to low temperature and/or to strong temperature shifts. Also, standard preservation protocols for live cells or tissues involve ultradeep freezing in or above liquid nitrogen (-196°C or -150°C, respectively). To which extent these conditions cause cold- or cryostress has rarely been investigated systematically. Using ATP content as an indicator of the physiological state of cells, we found that representatives of bacteria, fungi, algae, plant tissue, as well as plant and human cell lines exhibited similar responses during freezing and thawing. Compared to optimum growth conditions, the cellular ATP content of most model organisms decreased significantly upon treatment with cryoprotectant and cooling to up to -196°C. After thawing and a longer period of regeneration, the initial ATP content was restored or even exceeded the initial ATP levels. To assess the implications of cellular ATP concentration for the physiology of cryostress, cell viability was determined in parallel using independent approaches. A significantly positive correlation of ATP content and viability was detected only in the cryosensitive algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii SAG 11-32b and Chlorella variabilis NC64A, and in plant cell lines of Solanum tuberosum. When comparing mesophilic with psychrophilic bacteria of the same genera, and cryosensitive with cryotolerant algae, ATP levels of actively growing cells were generally higher in the psychrophilic and cryotolerant representatives. During exposure to ultralow temperatures, however, psychrophilic and cryotolerant species showed a decline in ATP content similar to their mesophilic or cryosensitive counterparts. Nevertheless, psychrophilic and cryotolerant species attained better culturability after freezing. Cellular ATP concentrations and viability measurements thus monitor different features of live cells during their exposure to ultralow temperatures and cryostress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felizitas Bajerski
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johanna Stock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hanf
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V. - Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Tatyana Darienko
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, University of Göttingen (EPSAG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elke Heine-Dobbernack
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maike Lorenz
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, University of Göttingen (EPSAG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Naujox
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E R J Keller
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - H M Schumacher
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedl
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, University of Göttingen (EPSAG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Eberth
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V. - Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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Elliott GD, Wang S, Fuller BJ. Cryoprotectants: A review of the actions and applications of cryoprotective solutes that modulate cell recovery from ultra-low temperatures. Cryobiology 2017; 76:74-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Zhao G, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Niu D, Cao Y, He X. A microfluidic perfusion approach for on-chip characterization of the transport properties of human oocytes. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1297-1305. [PMID: 28244515 PMCID: PMC5399771 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01532h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Accurate characterization of the cell membrane transport properties of human oocytes is of great significance to reproductive pharmacology, fertility preservation, and assisted reproduction. However, the commonly used manual method for quantifying the transport properties is associated with uncontrolled operator-to-operator and run-to-run variability. Here, we report a novel sandwich structured microfluidic device that can be readily fabricated for characterizing oocyte membrane transport properties. Owing to its capacity for excellent control of both solution replacement and temperature in the microchannel, the temperature-dependent permeability of the oocyte membrane can be precisely characterized. Furthermore, the fertilization and developmental competence analysis post perfusion indicate that our approach does not compromise the physiological function of in vitro matured human oocytes. Collectively, we present the development of a novel sandwich structured microfluidic device based approach that allows on-chip characterization of the transport properties of human oocytes under innocuous osmotic shock or injury to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Yuntian Zhang
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Zhongrong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Dan Niu
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Validation of reference genes for cryopreservation studies with the gorgonian coral endosymbiont Symbiodinium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39396. [PMID: 28067273 PMCID: PMC5220285 DOI: 10.1038/srep39396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification by real-time RT-PCR requires a stable internal reference known as a housekeeping gene (HKG) for normalising the mRNA levels of target genes. The present study identified and validated stably expressed HKGs in post-thaw Symbiodinium clade G. Six potential HKGs, namely, pcna, gapdh, 18S rRNA, hsp90, rbcl, and ps1, were analysed using three different algorithms, namely, GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. The GeNorm algorithm ranked the candidate genes as follows in the order of decreasing stability: pcna and gapdh > ps1 > 18S rRNA > hsp90 > rbcl. Results obtained using the NormFinder algorithm also showed that pcna was the most stable HKG and ps1 was the second most stable HKG. We found that the candidate HKGs examined in this study showed variable stability with respect to the three algorithms. These results indicated that both pcna and ps1 were suitable for normalising target gene expression determined by performing real-time RT-PCR in cryopreservation studies on Symbiodinium clade G. The results of the present study would help future studies to elucidate the effect of cryopreservation on gene expression in dinoflagellates.
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Tsai S, Chang WC, Chavanich S, Viyakarn V, Lin C. Ultrastructural observation of oocytes in six types of stony corals. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:349-55. [PMID: 27265208 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ultrastructure of the oocytes of 6 types of scleractinian corals was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, histological and ultrastructural analyses were performed to improve our understanding of the organelles involved in coral oocyte formation. In all 6 stony coral species, the microvilli were tubular and directly grew from the surface of the oocyte membrane; yolk bodies, lipid granules, and cortical alveoli accounted for most of the volume inside the oocytes, suggesting that they are associated with energy storage and buoyancy. Clear differences were observed in the size of yolk bodies and lipid granules in the oocytes of the 6 stony coral species, which occupied approximately 55%-80% of the inner space of the oocytes. Galaxea fascicularis exhibited the largest lipid granule volume, but the oocytes contained only an average number of 12.45 lipid granules per unit area. Only Montipora incrassata oocytes contained symbiotic algae. The smallest size and proportion of lipid granules in M. incrassata oocytes may be attributed to the presence of symbiotic algae and large yolk bodies, which may help oocytes produce energy and function as a nutritional source. This study is crucial for improving the understanding of the basic biology of coral reproduction, and the ensuing datasets is critical for conservation-oriented studies seeking to cryopreserve corals during these times of dramatic global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujune Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Mingdao University, Peetow, Chang Hua, Taiwan; Department of Post Modern Agriculture, Mingdao University, Peetow, Chang Hua, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Chang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Suchana Chavanich
- Reef Biology Research Group, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Voranop Viyakarn
- Reef Biology Research Group, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chiahsin Lin
- National museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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11
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Comparison of the cryo-tolerance of vitrified gorgonian oocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23290. [PMID: 26984101 PMCID: PMC4794651 DOI: 10.1038/srep23290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs have been declining considerably in recent years because of changes to the environment and climate. The cryopreservation of coral gametes is an essential alternative method that yields immense success in preserving corals. This study focuses on developing vitrification techniques for Junceella fragilis and Ellisella robusta oocytes, and presents a comparison on the cryotolerance of their vitrified oocytes. The results revealed that these coral oocytes could be preserved for a longer period in equilibration solution 2 and vitrification solution (VS) 2 at 5 °C than at 26 °C. Oocyte viability decreased significantly when VS2 was used for >4 min at 26 °C compared with the control. Cryoprotectant tolerance was higher in E. robusta oocytes than in J. fragilis oocytes. However, E. robusta was determined to be more cryo-tolerant, with differences attributed to their habitats, thus making E. robusta is likely a superior candidate species for further study. The results of this study on the effects of coral cryopreservation provide a foundation for developing protocols further for the cryopreservation of the oocytes of gorgonian corals.
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12
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High survival of mouse oocytes using an optimized vitrification protocol. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19465. [PMID: 26781721 PMCID: PMC4726034 DOI: 10.1038/srep19465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The method of vitrification has been widely used for cryopreservation. However, the effectiveness of this method for mammalian oocytes could be improved by optimizing each step of the process. In the present study, we tested the effects of varying several key parameters to determine the most effective protocol for mouse oocyte vitrification. We found that cryoprotectant containing ethylene glycol and dimethylsulfoxide plus 20% fetal calf serum produced the highest rates of oocyte survival, fertilization, and blastocyst formation. The duration and temperature of oocyte exposure to vitrification and thawing solutions influenced survival rate. The presence of cumulus cells surrounding oocytes and the incubation of thawed oocytes in Toyoda-Yokoyama-Hosoki medium also increased oocyte survival. Open pulled straw and nylon loop methods were more effective than the mini-drop method. Finally, the combination of these improved methods resulted in better spindle morphology when compared to the unimproved methods. These results demonstrate that the outcomes of mouse oocyte vitrification can be improved by a suitable combination of cryopreservation methods, which could be applied to future clinical research with human oocytes.
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Chong G, Tsai S, Wang LH, Huang CY, Lin C. Cryopreservation of the gorgonian endosymbiont Symbiodinium. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18816. [PMID: 26754353 PMCID: PMC4709583 DOI: 10.1038/srep18816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study focused on finding a suitable cryoprotectant (CPA) and an optimum freezing protocol for the cryopreservation of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium, clade G) of Junceella fragilis wherein the success of experiments is crucial to both scientific and ecology studies. A two-step freezing technique was developed. The viability of the thawed dinoflagellates was assayed using the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioassay for the first time and was further confirmed through the culturing of dinoflagellates in vitro. The results suggested that 30 min was the most suitable holding time for the dinoflagellates, and the samples produced highest viability when suspended at 5 cm from the surface of LN2. Results also showed that 1 M methanol with 0.4 M sucrose was the most effective CPA, yielding the highest viability (56.93%). Although cell densities of both cryopreserved and control group suffered an initial decline of culture, the cell densities were maintained throughout the remaining duration. In the present study, the cryopreservation of clade G endosymbiont algae was studied for the first time and the method described here could be applied for future studies on symbiotic algae cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Chong
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Sujune Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Mingdao University, 369 Wen-Hua Road, Peetow, ChangHua, 52345, Taiwan.,Department of Post Modern Agriculture, Mingdao University, 369 Wen-Hua Road, Peetow, Chang Hua, 52345, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsueh Wang
- National museum of Marine Biology &Aquarium, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan.,Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Beining Road, Jhongjheng, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chiahsin Lin
- National museum of Marine Biology &Aquarium, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan.,Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
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