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Upadhyay A, Nepalia A, Bera A, Saini DK, Chakravarty AR. A Platinum(II) Boron-dipyrromethene Complex for Cellular Imaging and Mitochondria-targeted Photodynamic Therapy in Red Light. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300667. [PMID: 37706570 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin-derived platinum(II) complexes [Pt(NH3 )2 (pacac)](NO3 ) (1, DPP-Pt) and [Pt(NH3 )2 (Acac-RB)](NO3 ) (2, Acacplatin-RB), where Hpacac is 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione and HAcac-RB is a red-light active distyryl-BODIPY-appended acetylacetone ligand, are prepared, characterized and their photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity studied (RB abbreviated for red-light BODIPY). Complex 2 displayed an intense absorption band at λ=652 nm (ϵ=7.3×104 M-1 cm-1 ) and 601 nm (ϵ=3.1×104 M-1 cm-1 ) in 1 : 1 DMSO-DPBS (Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline). Its emission profile includes a broad maximum at ~673 nm (λex =630 nm). The fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF ) of HAcac-RB and 2 are 0.19 and 0.07, respectively. Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran assay of complex 2 indicated photogeneration of singlet oxygen (ΦΔ : 0.36) as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Light irradiation caused only minor extent of ligand release forming chemo-active cisplatin analogue. The complex showed ~70-100 fold enhancement in cytotoxicity on light exposure in A549 lung cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 multidrug resistant breast cancer cells, giving half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 0.9-1.8 μM. Confocal imaging showed its mitochondrial localization and complex 2 exhibited anti-metastasis properties. Immunostaining of β-tubulin and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining displayed complex 2 induced photo-selective microtubule rupture and cellular apoptosis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Upadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Amrita Nepalia
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Arpan Bera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhil R Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India
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2
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The importance of indole and azaindole scaffold in the development of antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112506. [PMID: 32688198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With some indoles and azaindoles being successfully developed as anticancer drugs, the design and synthesis of indole and azaindole derivatives with remarkable antitumor activity has received increasing attention and significant progress has been made. This paper reviews the recent progress in the study of tumorigenesis, mechanism of actions and structure activity relationships about anticancer indole and azindole derivatives. Combining structure activity relationships and molecular targets-related knowledge, this review will help researchers design more effective, safe and cost-effective anticancer indoles and azindoles agents.
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Gurruchaga-Pereda J, Martínez Á, Terenzi A, Salassa L. Anticancer platinum agents and light. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.118981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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In vitro anticancer active cis-Pt(II)-diiodido complexes containing 4-azaindoles. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:257-269. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mitra K, Lyons CE, Hartman MCT. A Platinum(II) Complex of Heptamethine Cyanine for Photoenhanced Cytotoxicity and Cellular Imaging in Near-IR Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10263-10267. [PMID: 29939482 PMCID: PMC6548462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Controlled generation of cytotoxic agents with near-IR light is a current focus of photoactivated cancer therapy, including that involving cytotoxic platinum species. A heptamethine cyanine scaffolded PtII complex, IR797-Platin exhibits unprecedented Pt-O bond scission and enhancement in DNA platination in near-IR light. This complex also displayed significant singlet oxygen quantum yield thereby qualifying as a near-IR photodynamic therapeutic agent. The complex showed 30-60 fold enhancement of cytotoxicity in near-IR light in various cancer cell lines. The cellular imaging properties were also leveraged to observe its significant co-localization in cytoplasmic organelles. This is the first demonstration of a near-IR light-initiated therapy involving the cytotoxic effects of both active cisplatin and singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushambi Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P. O. Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Charles E. Lyons
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Matthew C. T. Hartman
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P. O. Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Potentiation of cytotoxic action of cis -[PtCl 2 (NH 3 )(1M7AI)] by UVA irradiation. Mechanistic insights. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Brabec V, Hrabina O, Kasparkova J. Cytotoxic platinum coordination compounds. DNA binding agents. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Bai L, Gao C, Liu Q, Yu C, Zhang Z, Cai L, Yang B, Qian Y, Yang J, Liao X. Research progress in modern structure of platinum complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:349-382. [PMID: 28985575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the antitumor activity of cisplatin was discovered in 1967 by Rosenberg, platinum-based anticancer drugs have played an important role in chemotherapy in clinic. Nevertheless, platinum anticancer drugs also have caused severe side effects and cross drug resistance which limited their applications. Therefore, a significant amount of efforts have been devoted to developing new platinum-based anticancer agents with equal or higher antitumor activity but lower toxicity. Until now, a large number of platinum-based complexes have been prepared and extensively investigated in vitro and in vivo. Among them, some platinum-based complexes revealing excellent anticancer activity showed the potential to be developed as novel type of anticancer agents. In this account, we present such platinum-based anticancer complexes which owning various types of ligands, such as, amine carrier ligands, leaving groups, reactive molecule, steric hindrance groups, non-covalently binding platinum (II) complexes, Platinum(IV) complexes and polynuclear platinum complexes. Overall, platinum-based anticancer complexes reported recently years upon modern structure are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkui Bai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chuanzhu Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Congtao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhuxin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Linxiang Cai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yunxu Qian
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiali Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Štarha P, Vančo J, Trávníček Z, Hošek J, Klusáková J, Dvořák Z. Platinum(II) Iodido Complexes of 7-Azaindoles with Significant Antiproliferative Effects: An Old Story Revisited with Unexpected Outcomes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165062. [PMID: 27906967 PMCID: PMC5131915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of platinum(II) diiodido complexes containing 7-azaindole derivatives, having the general formula cis-[PtI2(naza)2] (1–8), has been prepared and thoroughly characterized, including X-ray structure analysis of cis-[PtI2(2Me4Claza)2]∙DMF (8∙DMF; 2Me4Claza = 2-methyl-4-chloro-7-azaindole). Complexes showed high in vitro cytotoxicity against nine human cancer cell lines (IC50 ranging from 0.4 to 12.8 μM), including the cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line (A2780R; IC50 = 1.0–3.5 μM). The results of in vivo testing, using the L1210 lymphocytic leukaemia model, at the equimolar doses of Pt with cisplatin (2 mg/kg) confirmed the activity of complex 8 comparable to cisplatin. From the mechanistic point of view, evaluated ex vivo by Western blot analyses on the samples of isolated tumour tissues, the treatment of the animals with complex 8, contrary to cisplatin, decreased the levels of tumour suppressor p53 and increased significantly the amount of intracellular anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1L (37 kDa). Additionally, the active form of caspase 3 was significantly elevated in the sample of tumour tissues treated with complex 8, indicating that the activation of p53-independent cell-death pathway was initiated. The light and electron microscopy observations of the cancerous tissues revealed necrosis as a dominant mechanism of cell death, followed by scarce signs of apoptosis. The additional results (e.g. in vitro interaction experiments with selected biomolecules, cell cycle perturbations, gel electrophoretic studies on pUC19 plasmid DNA) supported the hypothesis that the complexes might be involved in the mechanism of action quite different from cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Štarha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry & Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Vančo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry & Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Trávníček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry & Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan Hošek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry & Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Klusáková
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Dvořák
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics & Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Pracharova J, Radosova Muchova T, Dvorak Tomastikova E, Intini FP, Pacifico C, Natile G, Kasparkova J, Brabec V. Anticancer potential of a photoactivated transplatin derivative containing the methylazaindole ligand mediated by ROS generation and DNA cleavage. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13179-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01467d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced DNA damage by trans-[PtCl2(NH3)(1-methyl-7-azaindole)] is related to its photocytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Pracharova
- Department of Biophysics
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research
- Palacký University
- 783 41 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | | | - Eva Dvorak Tomastikova
- Institute of Experimental Botany
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | | | - Concetta Pacifico
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bari “Aldo Moro”
- 70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Giovanni Natile
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bari “Aldo Moro”
- 70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Department of Biophysics
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- CZ-61265 Brno
- Czech Republic
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Štarha P, Hanousková L, Trávníček Z. Organometallic Half-Sandwich Dichloridoruthenium(II) Complexes with 7-Azaindoles: Synthesis, Characterization and Elucidation of Their Anticancer Inactivity against A2780 Cell Line. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143871. [PMID: 26606245 PMCID: PMC4659567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of organometallic half-sandwich dichloridoruthenium(II) complexes of the general formula [Ru(η6-p-cym)(naza)Cl2] (1-8; p-cym = p-cymene; naza = 7-azaindole or its derivatives) was synthesised and fully characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and infrared and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. A single-crystal X-ray structural analysis of [Ru(η6-p-cym)(2Me4Claza)Cl2] (6) revealed a typical piano-stool geometry with an N7-coordination mode of 2-methyl-4-chloro-7-azaindole (2Me4Claza). The complexes have been found to be inactive against human ovarian cancer cell line A2780 up to the highest applied concentration (IC50 > 50.0 μM). An inactivity of the complexes is caused by their instability in water-containing solvents connected with a release of the naza N-donor ligand, as proved by the detailed 1H NMR, mass spectrometry and fluorescence experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Štarha
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hanousková
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Trávníček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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