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Zhou Y, Wang F, Li G, Xu J, Zhang J, Gullen E, Yang J, Wang J. From immune checkpoints to therapies: understanding immune checkpoint regulation and the influence of natural products and traditional medicine on immune checkpoint and immunotherapy in lung cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1340307. [PMID: 38426097 PMCID: PMC10902058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a disease of global concern, and immunotherapy has brought lung cancer therapy to a new era. Besides promising effects in the clinical use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and low response rates are problems unsolved. Natural products and traditional medicine with an immune-modulating nature have the property to influence immune checkpoint expression and can improve immunotherapy's effect with relatively low toxicity. This review summarizes currently approved immunotherapy and the current mechanisms known to regulate immune checkpoint expression in lung cancer. It lists natural products and traditional medicine capable of influencing immune checkpoints or synergizing with immunotherapy in lung cancer, exploring both their effects and underlying mechanisms. Future research on immune checkpoint modulation and immunotherapy combination applying natural products and traditional medicine will be based on a deeper understanding of their mechanisms regulating immune checkpoints. Continued exploration of natural products and traditional medicine holds the potential to enhance the efficacy and reduce the adverse reactions of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fenglan Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangda Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Elizabeth Gullen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Su Y, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Zhang R, Chen S, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhang D, Zhang T, Li X, Zhang C, Wang B, Yuan S, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Cao L, Zhang M, Luo J. Genetic alterations in juvenile cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma unrelated to human papillomavirus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1211888. [PMID: 37654657 PMCID: PMC10466801 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1211888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix (CCAC) is a special type of HPV-independent cervical cancer. It has a low incidence rate, can be difficult to diagnose early, has a poor prognosis. Its peak incidence is in adolescence, which poses a great threat to women's health. Therefore, it is very important to explore the pathogenesis of cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma to guide subsequent treatment and prevention. This study analyzed 3 juvenile patients with CCAC diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Using next-generation sequencing methods, we analyzed the pathogenesis of the patients and their close relatives by analyzing the genetic alterations of patients. CMTM5 was identified as the only shared mutated gene. Using published literature and comparative analyses of related disease-causing genes, 6 of the 19 genes (ALKBH7, MYCBP, MZF1, RNF207, RRS1, and TUSC2) were screened as genes with mutations in patients and had higher mutation rates in reproductive cancers. Pathway analysis showed that downregulated genes in non-HPV cervical cancer were mainly related to the immune system response, suggesting that non-HPV cervical cancer differs from HPV-infected cervical cancer in that the immune response is weaker, which is consistent with the weak correlation with viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Su
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruijin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siang Chen
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinqiang Li
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhuo Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhen Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Luo
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Meraz IM, Majidi M, Fang B, Meng F, Gao L, Shao R, Song R, Li F, Lissanu Y, Chen H, Ha MJ, Wang Q, Wang J, Shpall E, Jung SY, Haderk F, Gui P, Riess JW, Olivas V, Bivona TG, Roth JA. 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 drives acquired resistance to osimertinib. Commun Biol 2023; 6:509. [PMID: 37169941 PMCID: PMC10175489 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04889-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib sensitive and resistant NSCLC NCI-H1975 clones are used to model osimertinib acquired resistance in humanized and non-humanized mice and delineate potential resistance mechanisms. No new EGFR mutations or loss of the EGFR T790M mutation are found in resistant clones. Resistant tumors grown under continuous osimertinib pressure both in humanized and non-humanized mice show aggressive tumor regrowth which is significantly less sensitive to osimertinib as compared with parental tumors. 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is identified as a potential driver of osimertinib acquired resistance, and its selective inhibition by BX795 and CRISPR gene knock out, sensitizes resistant clones. In-vivo inhibition of PDK1 enhances the osimertinib sensitivity against osimertinib resistant xenograft and a patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumors. PDK1 knock-out dysregulates PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, promotes cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and active-YAP are upregulated in resistant tumors, and PDK1 knock-out inhibits nuclear translocation of YAP. Higher expression of PDK1 and an association between PDK1 and YAP are found in patients with progressive disease following osimertinib treatment. PDK1 is a central upstream regulator of two critical drug resistance pathways: PI3K/AKT/mTOR and YAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail M Meraz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Mourad Majidi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Meng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lihui Gao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - RuPing Shao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Renduo Song
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yonathan Lissanu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Jin Ha
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Franziska Haderk
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Gui
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Victor Olivas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Arrigo A, Regua AT, Najjar MK, Lo HW. Tumor Suppressor Candidate 2 (TUSC2): Discovery, Functions, and Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092455. [PMID: 37173921 PMCID: PMC10177220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor Suppressor Candidate 2 (TUSC2) was first discovered as a potential tumor suppressor gene residing in the frequently deleted 3p21.3 chromosomal region. Since its discovery, TUSC2 has been found to play vital roles in normal immune function, and TUSC2 loss is associated with the development of autoimmune diseases as well as impaired responses within the innate immune system. TUSC2 also plays a vital role in regulating normal cellular mitochondrial calcium movement and homeostasis. Moreover, TUSC2 serves as an important factor in premature aging. In addition to TUSC2's normal cellular functions, TUSC2 has been studied as a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently deleted or lost in a multitude of cancers, including glioma, sarcoma, and cancers of the lung, breast, ovaries, and thyroid. TUSC2 is frequently lost in cancer due to somatic deletion within the 3p21.3 region, transcriptional inactivation via TUSC2 promoter methylation, post-transcriptional regulation via microRNAs, and post-translational regulation via polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Additionally, restoration of TUSC2 expression promotes tumor suppression, eventuating in decreased cell proliferation, stemness, and tumor growth, as well as increased apoptosis. Consequently, TUSC2 gene therapy has been tested in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. This review will focus on the current understanding of TUSC2 functions in both normal and cancerous tissues, mechanisms of TUSC2 loss, TUSC2 cancer therapeutics, open questions, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Arrigo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Angelina T Regua
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mariana K Najjar
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Sufian MA, Ilies MA. Lipid-based nucleic acid therapeutics with in vivo efficacy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1856. [PMID: 36180107 PMCID: PMC10023279 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic vectors for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery are currently competing significantly with their viral counter parts due to their reduced immunogenicity, large payload capacity, and ease of manufacture under GMP-compliant norms. The approval of Onpattro, a lipid-based siRNA therapeutic, and the proven clinical success of two lipid-based COVID-19 vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech, and Moderna heralded the specific advantages of lipid-based systems among all other synthetic nucleic acid carriers. Lipid-based systems with diverse payloads-plasmid DNA (pDNA), antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small activating RNA (saRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA)-are now becoming a mature technology, with growing impact in the clinic. Research over four decades identified the key factors determining the therapeutic success of these multi-component systems. Here, we discuss the main nucleic acid-based technologies, presenting their mechanism of action, delivery barriers facing them, the structural properties of the payload as well as the component lipids that regulate physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, efficacy, and toxicity of the resultant nanoparticles. We further detail on the formulation parameters, evolution of the manufacturing techniques that generate reproducible and scalable outputs, and key manufacturing aspects that enable control over physicochemical properties of the resultant particles. Preclinical applications of some of these formulations that were successfully translated from in vitro studies to animal models are subsequently discussed. Finally, clinical success and failure of these systems starting from 1993 to present are highlighted, in a holistic literature review focused on lipid-based nucleic acid delivery systems. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sufian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marc A. Ilies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Ismail A, Abulsoud AI, Fathi D, Elshafei A, El-Mahdy HA, Elsakka EG, Aglan A, Elkhawaga SY, Doghish AS. The role of miRNAs in Ovarian Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Resistance - A Focus on Signaling Pathways Interplay. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Meraz IM, Majidi M, Shao R, Meng F, Ha MJ, Shpall E, Roth JA. TUSC2 immunogene enhances efficacy of chemo-immuno combination on KRAS/LKB1 mutant NSCLC in humanized mouse model. Commun Biol 2022; 5:167. [PMID: 35210547 PMCID: PMC8873264 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS/LKB1 (STK11) NSCLC metastatic tumors are intrinsically resistant to anti-PD-1 or PD-L1 immunotherapy. In this study, we use a humanized mouse model to show that while carboplatin plus pembrolizumab reduce tumor growth moderately and transiently, the addition of the tumor suppressor gene TUSC2, delivered systemically in nanovesicles, to this combination, eradicates tumors in the majority of animals. Immunoprofiling of the tumor microenvironment shows the addition of TUSC2 mediates: (a) significant infiltration of reconstituted human functional cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells; (b) induction of antigen-specific T cell responses; (c) enrichment of functional central and memory effector T cells; and (d) decreased levels of PD-1+ T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, Tregs, and M2 tumor associated macrophages. Depletion studies show the presence of functional central and memory effector T cells are required for the efficacy. TUSC2 sensitizes KRAS/LKB1 tumors to carboplatin plus pembrolizumab through modulation of the immune contexture towards a pro-immune tumor microenvironment. Meraz et al. explore the antitumor efficacy of TUSC2 tumor suppressor genetherapy via nanovisicles in combination with carboplatin and pembrolizumab against KRAS-LKB1 mutant NSCLC in humanized mouse model. They demonstrate a robust response and perform immune profiling studies, which show the development of a cytotoxic T cell effector response and effector memory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail M Meraz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Mourad Majidi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - RuPing Shao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Meng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Jin Ha
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Elizabeth Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Rimkus TK, Arrigo AB, Zhu D, Carpenter RL, Sirkisoon S, Doheny D, Regua AT, Wong GL, Manore S, Wagner C, Lin HK, Jin G, Ruiz J, Chan M, Debinski W, Lo HW. NEDD4 degrades TUSC2 to promote glioblastoma progression. Cancer Lett 2022; 531:124-135. [PMID: 35167936 PMCID: PMC8920049 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Whether tumor suppressor candidate 2 (TUSC2) plays an important role in glioblastoma (GBM) progression is largely unknown. Whether TUSC2 undergoes polyubiquitination is unknown. Herein, we report that TUSC2 protein expression is reduced/lost in GBM compared to normal brain due to protein destabilization; TUSC2 mRNA is equally expressed in both tissues. NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligase polyubiquitinates TUSC2 at residue K71, and the TUSC2-K71R mutant is resistant to NEDD4-mediated proteasomal degradation. Analysis of GBM specimens showed NEDD4 protein is highly expressed in GBM and the level is inversely correlated with TUSC2 protein levels. Furthermore, TUSC2 restoration induces apoptosis and inhibits patient-derived glioma stem cells (PD-GSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, TUSC2-knockout promotes PD-GSCs in vitro and in vivo. RNA-Seq analysis and subsequent validations showed GBM cells with TUSC2-knockout expressed increased Bcl-xL and were more resistant to apoptosis induced by a Bcl-xL-specific BH3 mimetic. A TUSC2-knockout gene signature created from the RNA-seq data predicts poor patient survival. Together, these findings establish that NEDD4-mediated polyubiquitination is a novel mechanism for TUSC2 degradation in GBM and that TUSC2 loss promotes GBM progression in part through Bcl-xL upregulation.
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Merting AD, Poschel DB, Lu C, Klement JD, Yang D, Li H, Shi H, Chapdelaine E, Montgomery M, Redman MT, Savage NM, Nayak-Kapoor A, Liu K. Restoring FAS Expression via Lipid-Encapsulated FAS DNA Nanoparticle Delivery Is Sufficient to Suppress Colon Tumor Growth In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020361. [PMID: 35053524 PMCID: PMC8773494 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A key feature of human colorectal tumor is loss of FAS expression. FAS is the death receptor for FASL of activated T cells. Loss of FAS expression therefore may promote tumor cell immune escape. We aimed at determining whether restoring FAS expression is sufficient to suppress colorectal tumor growth. Mouse and human FAS cDNA was synthesized and encapsulated into cationic lipid nanoparticle DOTAP-Cholesterol to formulate DOTAP-Chol-mFAS and DOTAP-Chol-hFAS, respectively. Restoring FAS expression in metastatic mouse colon-tumor cells enabled FASL-induced elimination of FAS+ tumor cells in vitro and suppressed colon-tumor growth and progression in tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Restoring FAS expression induced FAS receptor auto-oligomerization and tumor cell auto-apoptosis in metastatic human colon-tumor cells in vitro. DOTAP-Chol-hFAS therapy is also sufficient to suppress metastatic human colon tumor xenograft growth in athymic mice. Tumor-selective delivery of FAS DNA nanoparticle is potentially an effective therapy for human colorectal cancer. Abstract A hallmark of human colorectal cancer is lost expression of FAS, the death receptor for FASL of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, it is unknown whether restoring FAS expression alone is sufficient to suppress csolorectal-cancer development. The FAS promoter is hypermethylated and inversely correlated with FAS mRNA level in human colorectal carcinomas. Analysis of single-cell RNA-Seq datasets revealed that FAS is highly expressed in epithelial cells and immune cells but down-regulated in colon-tumor cells in human colorectal-cancer patients. Codon usage-optimized mouse and human FAS cDNA was designed, synthesized, and encapsulated into cationic lipid to formulate nanoparticle DOTAP-Chol-mFAS and DOTAP-Chol-hFAS, respectively. Overexpression of codon usage-optimized FAS in metastatic mouse colon-tumor cells enabled FASL-induced elimination of FAS+ tumor cells in vitro, suppressed colon tumor growth, and increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Overexpression of codon-optimized FAS-induced FAS receptor auto-oligomerization and tumor cell auto-apoptosis in metastatic human colon-tumor cells. DOTAP-Chol-hFAS therapy is also sufficient to suppress metastatic human colon tumor xenograft growth in athymic mice. DOTAP-Chol-mFAS therapy exhibited no significant liver toxicity. Our data determined that tumor-selective delivery of FAS DNA nanoparticles is sufficient for suppression of human colon tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa D. Merting
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.D.M.); (D.B.P.); (C.L.); (J.D.K.); (D.Y.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Dakota B. Poschel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.D.M.); (D.B.P.); (C.L.); (J.D.K.); (D.Y.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.D.M.); (D.B.P.); (C.L.); (J.D.K.); (D.Y.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - John D. Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.D.M.); (D.B.P.); (C.L.); (J.D.K.); (D.Y.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.D.M.); (D.B.P.); (C.L.); (J.D.K.); (D.Y.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.D.M.); (D.B.P.); (C.L.); (J.D.K.); (D.Y.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
| | | | | | | | - Natasha M. Savage
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Asha Nayak-Kapoor
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.D.M.); (D.B.P.); (C.L.); (J.D.K.); (D.Y.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-9483
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Abstract
Gene therapy has started in the late 1980s as novel, clinically applicable therapeutic option. It revolutionized the treatment of genetic diseases with the initial intent to repair or replace defective genes. Gene therapy has been adapted for treatment of malignant diseases to improve the outcome of cancer patients. In fact, cancer gene therapy has rapidly gained great interest and evolved into a research field with highest proportion of research activities in gene therapy. In this context, cancer gene therapy has long entered translation into clinical trials and therefore more than two-thirds of all gene therapy trials worldwide are aiming at the treatment of cancer disease using different therapeutic strategies. During the decades in cancer gene therapy, tremendous knowledge has accumulated. This led to significant improvements in vector design, transgene repertoire, more targeted interventions, use of novel gene therapeutic technologies such as CRISPR/Cas, sleeping beauty vectors, and development of effective cancer immunogene therapies. In this chapter, a brief overview of current key developments in cancer gene therapy is provided to gain insights into the recent directions in research as well as in clinical application of cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kobelt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Deutsches Krebsforschungzentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Pahle
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Deutsches Krebsforschungzentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Kemp JA, Kwon YJ. Cancer nanotechnology: current status and perspectives. NANO CONVERGENCE 2021; 8:34. [PMID: 34727233 PMCID: PMC8560887 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-021-00282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Modern medicine has been waging a war on cancer for nearly a century with no tangible end in sight. Cancer treatments have significantly progressed, but the need to increase specificity and decrease systemic toxicities remains. Early diagnosis holds a key to improving prognostic outlook and patient quality of life, and diagnostic tools are on the cusp of a technological revolution. Nanotechnology has steadily expanded into the reaches of cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, diagnostics, and imaging, demonstrating the capacity to augment each and advance patient care. Nanomaterials provide an abundance of versatility, functionality, and applications to engineer specifically targeted cancer medicine, accurate early-detection devices, robust imaging modalities, and enhanced radiotherapy adjuvants. This review provides insights into the current clinical and pre-clinical nanotechnological applications for cancer drug therapy, diagnostics, imaging, and radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Kemp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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12
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Norouzi M, Hardy P. Clinical applications of nanomedicines in lung cancer treatment. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:134-142. [PMID: 33301981 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Owing to a lack of early-stage diagnosis, most lung cancers are detected in advanced stages, limiting the available therapeutic options. Moreover, extensive systemic chemotherapy of lung tumors is often associated with severe off-target toxicity and drug resistance of cancer cells, thus diminishing the outcomes of chemotherapy modalities. In this light, nanomedicines have opened an alternative avenue to develop more efficacious therapeutic platforms while addressing several current challenges. Clinical findings have revealed that nanomedicines improve the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the therapeutic agents while decreasing their systemic toxicity. This review provides an update on nanomedicines that have been clinically approved or are undergoing clinical trials for treatment of lung cancer. By discussing the clinical findings of the current nanoformulations, this review provides prospects for the development of more efficacious nanomedicines to improve the clinical outcomes of lung cancer treatment.
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13
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Lamberti G, Sisi M, Andrini E, Palladini A, Giunchi F, Lollini PL, Ardizzoni A, Gelsomino F. The Mechanisms of PD-L1 Regulation in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Which Are the Involved Players? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3129. [PMID: 33114576 PMCID: PMC7692442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with inhibition of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1) improves survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, only a subset of patients benefit from treatment and biomarkers of response to immunotherapy are lacking. Expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells is the primary clinically-available predictive factor of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, and its relevance in cancer immunotherapy has fostered several studies to better characterize the mechanisms that regulate PD-L1 expression. However, the factors associated with PD-L1 expression are still not well understood. Genomic alterations that activate KRAS, EGFR, and ALK, as well as the loss of PTEN, have been associated with increased PD-L1 expression. In addition, PD-L1 expression is reported to be increased by amplification of CD274, and decreased by STK11 deficiency. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression can be modulated by either tumor extrinsic or intrinsic factors. Among extrinsic factors, the most prominent one is interferon-γ release by immune cells, while there are several tumor intrinsic factors such as activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Myc pathways that can increase PD-L1 expression. A deeper understanding of PD-L1 expression regulation is crucial for improving strategies that exploit inhibition of this immune checkpoint in the clinic, especially in NSCLC where it is central in the therapeutic algorithm. We reviewed current preclinical and clinical data about PD-L1 expression regulation in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lamberti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.L.); (M.S.); (E.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Monia Sisi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.L.); (M.S.); (E.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Elisa Andrini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.L.); (M.S.); (E.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Arianna Palladini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, viale Filopanti 22, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (P.-L.L.)
| | - Francesca Giunchi
- Laboratory of Oncologic Molecular Pathology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, viale Filopanti 22, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (P.-L.L.)
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.L.); (M.S.); (E.A.); (A.A.)
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni—15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Gelsomino
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni—15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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14
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Buck J, Mueller D, Mettal U, Ackermann M, Grisch-Chan HM, Thöny B, Zumbuehl A, Huwyler J, Witzigmann D. Improvement of DNA Vector Delivery of DOTAP Lipoplexes by Short-Chain Aminolipids. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24724-24732. [PMID: 33015490 PMCID: PMC7528285 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellular delivery of DNA vectors for the expression of therapeutic proteins is a promising approach to treat monogenic disorders or cancer. Significant efforts in a preclinical and clinical setting have been made to develop potent nonviral gene delivery systems based on lipoplexes composed of permanently cationic lipids. However, transfection efficiency and tolerability of such systems are in most cases not satisfactory. Here, we present a one-pot combinatorial method based on double-reductive amination for the synthesis of short-chain aminolipids. These lipids can be used to maximize the DNA vector delivery when combined with the cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP). We incorporated various aminolipids into such lipoplexes to complex minicircle DNA and screened these systems in a human liver-derived cell line (HuH7) for gene expression and cytotoxicity. The lead aminolipid AL-A12 showed twofold enhanced gene delivery and reduced toxicity compared to the native DOTAP:cholesterol lipoplexes. Moreover, AL-A12-containing lipoplexes enabled enhanced transgene expression in vivo in the zebrafish embryo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Buck
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Mueller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ute Mettal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department
of Bioresources of the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology
and Applied Ecology, Institute for Insect
Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Miriam Ackermann
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hiu Man Grisch-Chan
- Division
of Metabolism and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division
of Metabolism and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Zumbuehl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Acthera
Therapeutics Ltd., Peter
Merian-Strasse 45, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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15
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Luo H, Zhang T, Cheng P, Li D, Ogorodniitchouk O, Lahmamssi C, Wang G, Lan M. Therapeutic implications of fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors in a combination regimen for solid tumors. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2525-2536. [PMID: 32782571 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of novel drugs targeting the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway have been developed, including mostly tyrosine kinase inhibitors, selective inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted worldwide to ascertain their effects on diverse solid tumors. Drugs, such as lenvatinib, dovitinib and other non-specific FGFR inhibitors, widely used in clinical practice, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for cancer therapy, although the majority of drugs remain in preclinical tests or clinical research. The resistance to a single agent for FGFR inhibition with synthetic lethal action may be overcome by a combination of therapeutic approaches and FGFR inhibitors, which could also enhance the sensitivity to other therapeutics. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to describe the pharmacological characteristics of FGFR inhibitors that may be combined with other therapeutic agents and the preclinical data supporting their combination. Additionally, their clinical implications and the remaining challenges for FGFR inhibitor combination regimens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | | | - Chaimaa Lahmamssi
- Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 42270 Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Ge Wang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Surgical Research, Third Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Lan
- Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Jie Er Hospital), Chongqing 401120, P.R. China
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16
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Mariniello RM, Maria Orlandella F, De Stefano AE, Iervolino PLC, Smaldone G, Luciano N, Cervone N, Munciguerra F, Esposito S, Mirabelli P, Salvatore G. The TUSC2 Tumour Suppressor Inhibits the Malignant Phenotype of Human Thyroid Cancer Cells via SMAC/DIABLO Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030702. [PMID: 31973107 PMCID: PMC7037188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer and includes different forms. Among these, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the rarest but the most lethal subtype, compared to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) which shows an overall good prognosis. We have previously showed that Tumor Suppressor Candidate 2 (TUSC2), a known tumour suppressor gene, is downregulated in human PTC and ATC compared to normal thyroid samples. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms induced by TUSC2 in thyroid cancer cells. Here, we stably transfected TUSC2 in papillary (TPC-1) and in anaplastic (8505C) thyroid cancer cell lines and studied its effects on several biological processes, demonstrating that TUSC2 overexpression decreased thyroid cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Through the proteome profiler apoptosis array, we observed that TUSC2 increased sensitivity to apoptosis by increasing the SMAC/DIABLO and CYTOCHROME C proteins. On the other hand, transient silencing of TUSC2, by siRNA, in an immortalized thyroid follicular epithelial cell line (Nthy-ori 3-1) showed the opposite effect. Finally modulation of SMAC/DIABLO partially rescued the biological effects of TUSC2. Thus, our data highlight a tumour suppressor role of TUSC2 in thyroid carcinogenesis, suggesting that it could be a promising target and biomarker for thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Mariarosaria Mariniello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Universita’ “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Anna Elisa De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Universita’ “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Lucia Chiara Iervolino
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universita’ “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Neila Luciano
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nara Cervone
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Munciguerra
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Silvia Esposito
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Giuliana Salvatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Universita’ “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- IRCCS SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence:
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17
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Shen X, Zhang L, Li J, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu ZX. Recent Findings in the Regulation of Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1337. [PMID: 31258527 PMCID: PMC6587331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recent approvals for the application of monoclonal antibodies that target the well-characterized immune checkpoints, immune therapy shows great potential against both solid and hematologic tumors. The use of these therapeutic monoclonal antibodies elicits inspiring clinical results with durable objective responses and improvements in overall survival. Agents targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1; also known as PDCD1) and its ligand (PD-L1) achieve a great success in immune checkpoints therapy. However, the majority of patients fail to respond to PD-1/PD-L1 axis inhibitors. Expression of PD-L1 on the membrane of tumor and immune cells has been shown to be associated with enhanced objective response rates to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition. Thus, an improved understanding of how PD-L1 expression is regulated will enable us to better define its role as a predictive marker. In this review, we summarize recent findings in the regulation of PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jicheng Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Buck J, Grossen P, Cullis PR, Huwyler J, Witzigmann D. Lipid-Based DNA Therapeutics: Hallmarks of Non-Viral Gene Delivery. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3754-3782. [PMID: 30908008 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of monogenic disorders. Non-viral gene delivery systems including lipid-based DNA therapeutics offer the opportunity to deliver an encoding gene sequence specifically to the target tissue and thus enable the expression of therapeutic proteins in diseased cells. Currently, available gene delivery approaches based on DNA are inefficient and require improvements to achieve clinical utility. In this Review, we discuss state-of-the-art lipid-based DNA delivery systems that have been investigated in a preclinical setting. We emphasize factors influencing the delivery and subsequent gene expression in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. In addition, we cover aspects of nanoparticle engineering and optimization for DNA therapeutics. Finally, we highlight achievements of lipid-based DNA therapies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Buck
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Philip Grossen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of British Columbia , 2350 Health Sciences Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z3 , Canada
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of British Columbia , 2350 Health Sciences Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z3 , Canada
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19
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Xie HH, Huan WT, Han JQ, Ren WR, Yang LH. MicroRNA-663 facilitates the growth, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cell by inhibiting TUSC2. Biol Res 2019; 52:18. [PMID: 30944041 PMCID: PMC6448305 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as the critical modulators of the tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Methods The levels of miR-663 in ovarian cancer cell lines and clinical tissues were detected using qRT-PCR assays. The Transwell invasion and wound healing assay were conducted to assess the roles of miR-663 in the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cell in vitro. Rescue assays were carried out to confirm the contribution of tumor suppressor candidate 2 (TUSC2) in the aggressiveness of cancer cell which was regulated by miR-663. Results The levels of miR-663 were up-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues in comparison with the corresponding normal tissues. Up-regulation of miR-663 increased the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell. Additional, over-expression of miR-663 increased the tumor growth of SKOV3 in xenograft model. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay identified that miR-663 decreased the level of TUSC2 via binding to the 3′-UTR of TUSC2 gene. Finally, the expression of TUSC2 was inversely associated with the level of miR-663 in ovarian carcinoma tissue and over-expression of TUSC2 inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of SKOV3 that was promoted by miR-663. Conclusion Altogether, these results indicate that miR-663 acts as a potential tumor-promoting miRNA through targeting TUSC2 in ovarian cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40659-019-0219-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hui Xie
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Ting Huan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Qiong Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (The Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Ru Ren
- Gynaecology Ward of Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Li Hua Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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20
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Quintanal-Villalonga A, Molina-Pinelo S, Yagüe P, Marrugal Á, Ojeda-Márquez L, Suarez R, Ponce-Aix S, Enguita AB, Carnero A, Ferrer I, Paz-Ares L. FGFR4 increases EGFR oncogenic signaling in lung adenocarcinoma, and their combined inhibition is highly effective. Lung Cancer 2019; 131:112-121. [PMID: 31027687 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung adenocarcinoma accounts for approximately half of lung cancer cases. Twenty to 50% of tumors of this type harbor mutations affecting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression or activity, which can be therapeutically targeted. EGFR inhibitors in this context exhibit high efficacy and are currently used in the clinical setting. However, not all adenocarcinomas harboring EGFR mutations respond to therapy, so predictive biomarkers of therapeutic outcomes, as well as novel therapies sensitizing these tumors to EGFR inhibition, are needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed in vitro gene overexpression/silencing and tumorigenic surrogate assays, as well as in vitro and in vivo combination treatments with Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR)/EGFR inhibitors. At the clinical level, we determined FGFR4 expression levels in tumors from patients treated with EGFR inhibitors and correlated these with treatment response. RESULTS We describe a cooperative interaction between EGFR and FGFR4, which results in their reciprocal activation with pro-oncogenic consequences in vitro and in vivo. This cooperation is independent of EGFR activating mutations and increases resistance to different EGFR inhibitors. At the therapeutic level, we provide evidence of the synergistic effects of the combination of EGFR and FGFR inhibitors in high FGFR4-expressing, EGFR-activated tumors in vitro and in vivo. Correlated with these results, we found that patients treated with EGFR inhibitors relapse earlier when their tumors exhibit high FGFR4 expression. CONCLUSIONS We propose a novel predictive biomarker for EGFR-targeted therapy, and a highly efficacious combinatory therapeutic strategy to treat EGFR-dependent; this may may extend the use of appropriate inhibitors beyond EGFR-mutated adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Quintanal-Villalonga
- H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica i+12 & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Sevilla, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Yagüe
- H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica i+12 & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Marrugal
- H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica i+12 & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ojeda-Márquez
- H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica i+12 & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Suarez
- H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica i+12 & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Ponce-Aix
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Enguita
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Sevilla, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ferrer
- H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica i+12 & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica i+12 & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Medical School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Quintanal-Villalonga A, Molina-Pinelo S, Cirauqui C, Ojeda-Márquez L, Marrugal Á, Suarez R, Conde E, Ponce-Aix S, Enguita AB, Carnero A, Ferrer I, Paz-Ares L. FGFR1 Cooperates with EGFR in Lung Cancer Oncogenesis, and Their Combined Inhibition Shows Improved Efficacy. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:641-655. [PMID: 30639621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is substantial evidence for the oncogenic effects of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) in many types of cancer, including lung cancer, but the role of this receptor has not been addressed specifically in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS We performed FGFR1 and EGFR overexpression and co-overexpression assays in adenocarcinoma and in inmortalized lung cell lines, and we also carried out surrogate and interaction assays. We performed monotherapy and combination EGFR/FGFR inhibitor sensitivity assays in vitro and in vivo in cell line- and patient-derived xenografts. We determined FGFR1 mRNA expression in a cohort of patients with anti-EGFR therapy-treated adenocarcinoma. RESULTS We have reported a cooperative interaction between FGFR1 and EGFR in this context, resulting in increased EGFR activation and oncogenic signaling. We have provided in vitro and in vivo evidence indicating that FGFR1 expression increases tumorigenicity in cells with high EGFR activation in EGFR-mutated and EGFR wild-type models. At the clinical level, we have shown that high FGFR1 expression levels predict higher resistance to erlotinib or gefitinib in a cohort of patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitor-treated EGFR-mutated and EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma. Dual EGFR and FGFR inhibition in FGFR1-overexpressing, EGFR-activated models shows synergistic effects on tumor growth in vitro and in cell line- and patient-derived xenografts, suggesting that patients with tumors bearing these characteristics may benefit from combined EGFR/FGFR inhibition. CONCLUSION These results support the extended the use of EGFR inhibitors beyond monotherapy in the EGFR-mutated adenocarcinoma setting in combination with FGFR inhibitors for selected patients with increased FGFR1 overexpression and EGFR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Quintanal-Villalonga
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation i+12, Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- Insitute for Biomedical Research in Seville (UHVR, SNRC, Seville University), Seville, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Cirauqui
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation i+12, Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ojeda-Márquez
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation i+12, Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Marrugal
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation i+12, Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Suarez
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation i+12, Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Conde
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Therapeutic Targets Laboratory, University Hospital HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Ponce-Aix
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Doce de Octubre Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Enguita
- Pathological Anatomy Department, University Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Insitute for Biomedical Research in Seville (UHVR, SNRC, Seville University), Seville, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ferrer
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation i+12, Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation i+12, Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Doce de Octubre Madrid, Spain; Medical School, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Meraz IM, Majidi M, Cao X, Lin H, Li L, Wang J, Baladandayuthapani V, Rice D, Sepesi B, Ji L, Roth JA. TUSC2 Immunogene Therapy Synergizes with Anti-PD-1 through Enhanced Proliferation and Infiltration of Natural Killer Cells in Syngeneic Kras-Mutant Mouse Lung Cancer Models. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:163-177. [PMID: 29339375 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the multikinase inhibitor encoded by the tumor suppressor gene TUSC2 (also known as FUS1) is lost or decreased in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). TUSC2 delivered systemically by nanovesicles has mediated tumor regression in clinical trials. Because of the role of TUSC2 in regulating immune cells, we assessed TUSC2 efficacy on antitumor immune responses alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 in two Kras-mutant syngeneic mouse lung cancer models. TUSC2 alone significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival compared with anti-PD-1. When combined, this effect was significantly enhanced, and correlated with a pronounced increases in circulating and splenic natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells, and a decrease in regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and T-cell checkpoint receptors PD-1, CTLA-4, and TIM-3. TUSC2 combined with anti-PD-1 induced tumor infiltrating more than NK and CD8+ T cells and fewer MDSCs and Tregs than each agent alone, both in subcutaneous tumor and in lung metastases. NK-cell depletion abrogated the antitumor effect and Th1-mediated immune response of this combination, indicating that NK cells mediate TUSC2/anti-PD-1 synergy. Release of IL15 and IL18 cytokines and expression of the IL15Rα chain and IL18R1 were associated with NK-cell activation by TUSC2. Immune response-related gene expression in the tumor microenvironment was altered by combination treatment. These data provide a rationale for immunogene therapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of NSCLC. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(2); 163-77. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail M Meraz
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Mourad Majidi
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaobo Cao
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heather Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lerong Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - David Rice
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lin Ji
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack A Roth
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Cao X, Zhao Y, Wang J, Dai B, Gentile E, Lin J, Pu X, Ji L, Wu S, Meraz I, Majidi M, Roth JA. TUSC2 downregulates PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Oncotarget 2017; 8:107621-107629. [PMID: 29296193 PMCID: PMC5746095 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the TUSC2 tumor-suppressor gene in TUSC2-deficient NSCLC cells decreased PD-L1 expression and inhibited mTOR activity. Overexpressing TUSC2 or treatment with rapamycin resulted in similar inhibition of PD-L1 expression. Both TUSC2 and rapamycin decreased p70 and SK6 phosphorylation, suggesting that TUSC2 and rapamycin share the same mTOR target. Microarray mRNA expression analysis using TUSC2-inducible H1299 showed that genes that negatively regulate the mTOR pathway were significantly upregulated by TUSC2 compared with control. The presence of IFN-γ significantly increased PD-L1 expression in lung cancer cell lines, but overexpressing TUSC2 in these cell lines prevented PD-L1 from increasing in the presence of IFN-γ. Taken together, these findings show that TUSC2 can decrease PD-L1 expression in lung cancer cells. This ability to modify the tumor microenvironment suggests that TUSC2 could be added to checkpoint inhibitors to improve the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Cao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bingbing Dai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emanuela Gentile
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xingxiang Pu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Ji
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shuhong Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ismail Meraz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mourad Majidi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Rimkus T, Sirkisoon S, Harrison A, Lo HW. Tumor suppressor candidate 2 (TUSC2, FUS-1) and human cancers. DISCOVERY MEDICINE 2017; 23:325-330. [PMID: 28715648 PMCID: PMC5808457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor candidate 2 (TUSC2, also known as FUS1) was identified in 2000 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene located in a region on chromosome 3p21.3 that is homozygously deleted in some lung and breast cancers. The deletion is rare in lung and breast cancers, but is frequent in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Evidence to date indicates that TUSC2 behaves as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer; however, its role as a tumor suppressor for other tumor types has not been fully established. Loss of TUSC2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels has been reported in various cancers. While the mechanisms underlying the loss are still not well understood, several microRNAs have been reported to downregulate TUSC2 expression. TUSC2 elicits its anti-tumor effects through regulating G1 cell cycle progression, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, gene expression, and the activity of various protein tyrosine kinases and Ser/Thr kinases, albeit the precise mechanisms that TUSC2 utilizes to regulate these cellular processes and signaling molecules are still elusive. TUSC2 restoration has been exploited as an anti-cancer therapy in various cancers in preclinical models, and clinically in patients with lung cancer. The first-in-human phase I trial demonstrated desirable safety outcomes. Phase I/II trials are being conducted to evaluate the efficacy of combining TUSC2-nanoparticles with erlotinib, an FDA-approved EGFR inhibitor. This review summarizes recent findings that advanced our understanding of TUSC2 as a novel tumor suppressor and a therapeutic opportunity for treating TUSC2-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadas Rimkus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sherona Sirkisoon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Alexandra Harrison
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Xiaobo C, Majidi M, Feng M, Shao R, Wang J, Zhao Y, Baladandayuthapani V, Song J, Fang B, Ji L, Mehran R, Roth JA. TUSC2(FUS1)-erlotinib Induced Vulnerabilities in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor(EGFR) Wildtype Non-small Cell Lung Cancer(NSCLC) Targeted by the Repurposed Drug Auranofin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35741. [PMID: 27845352 PMCID: PMC5109231 DOI: 10.1038/srep35741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the TUSC2/FUS1 tumor suppressor gene in TUSC2 deficient EGFR wildtype lung cancer cells increased sensitivity to erlotinib. Microarray mRNA expression analysis of TUSC2 inducible lung cancer cells treated with erlotinib uncovered defects in the response to oxidative stress suggesting that increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) would enhance therapeutic efficacy. Addition of the thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitor (TXNRD1) auranofin (AF) to NSCLC cells treated with combination of TUSC2 forced expression with erlotinib increased tumor cell apoptosis and inhibited colony formation. TXNRD1 overexpression rescued tumors from AF-TUSC2-erlotinib induced apoptosis. Neutralizing ROS with nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) abrogated cell death induced by AF-TUSC2-erlotinib, indicating a regulatory role for ROS in the efficacy of the three drug combination. Isobologram-based statistical analysis of this combination demonstrated superior synergism, compared with each individual treatment at lower concentrations. In NSCLC tumor xenografts, tumor growth was markedly inhibited and animal survival was prolonged over controls by AF-TUSC2-erlotinib. Microarray mRNA expression analysis uncovered oxidative stress and DNA damage gene signatures significantly upregulated by AF-TUSC2-erlotinib compared to TUSC2-erlotinib. Pathway analysis showed the highest positive z-score for the NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response. Taken together these findings show that the combination of TUSC2-erlotinib induces additional novel vulnerabilities that can be targeted with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Xiaobo
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mourad Majidi
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng Feng
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruping Shao
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinfomatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Bioinfomatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Juhee Song
- Department of Biostatistics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lin Ji
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reza Mehran
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Evodiamine induces apoptosis and enhances apoptotic effects of erlotinib in wild-type EGFR NSCLC cells via S6K1-mediated Mcl-1 inhibition. Med Oncol 2016; 33:16. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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