1
|
Lecomte JTJ, Johnson EA. The globins of cyanobacteria and green algae: An update. Adv Microb Physiol 2024; 85:97-144. [PMID: 39059824 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The globin superfamily of proteins is ancient and diverse. Regular assessments based on the increasing number of available genome sequences have elaborated on a complex evolutionary history. In this review, we present a summary of a decade of advances in characterising the globins of cyanobacteria and green algae. The focus is on haem-containing globins with an emphasis on recent experimental developments, which reinforce links to nitrogen metabolism and nitrosative stress response in addition to dioxygen management. Mention is made of globins that do not bind haem to provide an encompassing view of the superfamily and perspective on the field. It is reiterated that an effort toward phenotypical and in-vivo characterisation is needed to elucidate the many roles that these versatile proteins fulfil in oxygenic photosynthetic microbes. It is also proposed that globins from oxygenic organisms are promising proteins for applications in the biotechnology arena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette T J Lecomte
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Eric A Johnson
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Simone G, di Masi A, Tundo GR, Coletta M, Ascenzi P. Nitrite Reductase Activity of Ferrous Nitrobindins: A Comparative Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076553. [PMID: 37047528 PMCID: PMC10094804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrobindins (Nbs) are all-β-barrel heme proteins spanning from bacteria to Homo sapiens. They inactivate reactive nitrogen species by sequestering NO, converting NO to HNO2, and promoting peroxynitrite isomerization to NO3−. Here, the nitrite reductase activity of Nb(II) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt-Nb(II)), Arabidopsis thaliana (At-Nb(II)), Danio rerio (Dr-Nb(II)), and Homo sapiens (Hs-Nb(II)) is reported. This activity is crucial for the in vivo production of NO, and thus for the regulation of blood pressure, being of the utmost importance for the blood supply to poorly oxygenated tissues, such as the eye retina. At pH 7.3 and 20.0 °C, the values of the second-order rate constants (i.e., kon) for the reduction of NO2− to NO and the concomitant formation of nitrosylated Mt-Nb(II), At-Nb(II), Dr-Nb(II), and Hs-Nb(II) (Nb(II)-NO) were 7.6 M−1 s−1, 9.3 M−1 s−1, 1.4 × 101 M−1 s−1, and 5.8 M−1 s−1, respectively. The values of kon increased linearly with decreasing pH, thus indicating that the NO2−-based conversion of Nb(II) to Nb(II)-NO requires the involvement of one proton. These results represent the first evidence for the NO2 reductase activity of Nbs(II), strongly supporting the view that Nbs are involved in NO metabolism. Interestingly, the nitrite reductase reactivity of all-β-barrel Nbs and of all-α-helical globins (e.g., myoglobin) was very similar despite the very different three-dimensional fold; however, differences between all-α-helical globins and all-β-barrel Nbs suggest that nitrite reductase activity appears to be controlled by distal steric barriers, even though a more complex regulatory mechanism can be also envisaged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grazia R. Tundo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shandilya M, Kumar G, Gomkale R, Singh S, Khan MA, Kateriya S, Kundu S. Multiple putative methemoglobin reductases in C. reinhardtii may support enzymatic functions for its multiple hemoglobins. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:465-479. [PMID: 33428952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous nature of hemoglobins, their presence in multiple forms and low cellular expression in organisms suggests alternative physiological functions of hemoglobins in addition to oxygen transport and storage. Previous research has proposed enzymatic function of hemoglobins such as nitric oxide dioxygenase, nitrite reductase and hydroxylamine reductase. In all these enzymatic functions, active ferrous form of hemoglobin is converted to ferric form and reconversion of ferric to ferrous through reduction partners is under active investigation. The model alga C. reinhardtii contains multiple globins and is thus expected to have multiple putative methemoglobin reductases to augment the physiological functions of the novel hemoglobins. In this regard, three putative methemoglobin reductases and three algal hemoglobins were characterized. Our results signify that the identified putative methemoglobin reductases can reduce algal methemoglobins in a nonspecific manner under in vitro conditions. Enzyme kinetics of two putative methemoglobin reductases with methemoglobins as substrates and in silico analysis support interaction between the hemoglobins and the two reduction partners as also observed in vitro. Our investigation on algal methemoglobin reductases underpins the valuable chemistry of nitric oxide with the newly discovered hemoglobins to ensure their physiological relevance, with multiple hemoglobins probably necessitating the presence of multiple reductases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Shandilya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India; Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram 122413, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Ridhima Gomkale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Mohd Asim Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Suman Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Distinctive structural properties of THB11, a pentacoordinate Chlamydomonas reinhardtii truncated hemoglobin with N- and C-terminal extensions. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:267-283. [PMID: 32048044 PMCID: PMC7082302 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobins (Hbs) utilize heme b as a cofactor and are found in all kingdoms of life. The current knowledge reveals an enormous variability of Hb primary sequences, resulting in topological, biochemical and physiological individuality. As Hbs appear to modulate their reactivities through specific combinations of structural features, predicting the characteristics of a given Hb is still hardly possible. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains 12 genes encoding diverse Hbs of the truncated lineage, several of which possess extended N- or C-termini of unknown function. Studies on some of the Chlamydomonas Hbs revealed yet unpredictable structural and biochemical variations, which, along with a different expression of their genes, suggest diverse physiological roles. Chlamydomonas thus represents a promising system to analyze the diversification of Hb structure, biochemistry and physiology. Here, we report the crystal structure, resolved to 1.75 Å, of the heme-binding domain of cyanomet THB11 (Cre16.g662750), one of the pentacoordinate algal Hbs, which offer a free Fe-coordination site in the reduced state. The overall fold of THB11 is conserved, but individual features such as a kink in helix E, a tilted heme plane and a clustering of methionine residues at a putative tunnel exit appear to be unique. Both N- and C-termini promote the formation of oligomer mixtures, and the absence of the C terminus results in reduced nitrite reduction rates. This work widens the structural and biochemical knowledge on the 2/2Hb family and suggests that the N- and C-terminal extensions of the Chlamydomonas 2/2Hbs modulate their reactivity by intermolecular interactions.
Collapse
|
5
|
The nitrite reductase activity of ferrous human hemoglobin:haptoglobin 1-1 and 2-2 complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 187:116-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
6
|
Johnson EA, Russo MM, Nye DB, Schlessman JL, Lecomte JTJ. Lysine as a heme iron ligand: A property common to three truncated hemoglobins from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2660-2673. [PMID: 30251657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii encodes a dozen hemoglobins of the truncated lineage. Four of these, named THB1-4, contain a single ~130-residue globin unit. THB1, which is cytoplasmic and capable of nitric oxide dioxygenation activity, uses a histidine and a lysine as axial ligands to the heme iron. In the present report, we compared THB2, THB3, and THB4 to THB1 to gain structural and functional insights into algal globins. METHODS We inspected properties of the globin domains prepared by recombinant means through site-directed mutagenesis, electronic absorption, CD, and NMR spectroscopies, and X-ray crystallography. RESULTS Recombinant THB3, which lacks the proximal histidine but has a distal histidine, binds heme weakly. NMR data demonstrate that the recombinant domains of THB2 and THB4 coordinate the ferrous heme iron with the proximal histidine and a lysine from the distal helix. An X-ray structure of ferric THB4 confirms lysine coordination. THB1, THB2, and THB4 have reduction potentials between -65 and -100 mV, are capable of nitric oxide dioxygenation, are reduced at different rates by the diaphorase domain of C. reinhardtii nitrate reductase, and show different response to peroxide treatment. CONCLUSIONS Three single-domain C. reinhardtii hemoglobins use lysine as a distal heme ligand in both Fe(III) and Fe(II) oxidation states. This common feature is likely related to enzymatic activity in the management of reactive oxygen species. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Primary structure analysis of hemoglobins has limited power in the prediction of heme ligation. Experimental determination reveals variations in this essential property across the superfamily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Johnson
- T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Miranda M Russo
- T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Dillon B Nye
- T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Jamie L Schlessman
- Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, United States
| | - Juliette T J Lecomte
- T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Plouviez M, Wheeler D, Shilton A, Packer MA, McLenachan PA, Sanz-Luque E, Ocaña-Calahorro F, Fernández E, Guieysse B. The biosynthesis of nitrous oxide in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:45-56. [PMID: 28333392 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, several studies have reported emissions of nitrous oxide (N2 O) from microalgal cultures and aquatic ecosystems characterized by a high level of algal activity (e.g. eutrophic lakes). As N2 O is a potent greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting pollutant, these findings suggest that large-scale cultivation of microalgae (and possibly, natural eutrophic ecosystems) could have a significant environmental impact. Using the model unicellular microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, this study was conducted to investigate the molecular basis of microalgal N2 O synthesis. We report that C. reinhardtii supplied with nitrite (NO2- ) under aerobic conditions can reduce NO2- into nitric oxide (NO) using either a mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) or a dual enzymatic system of nitrate reductase (NR) and amidoxime-reducing component, and that NO is subsequently reduced into N2 O by the enzyme NO reductase (NOR). Based on experimental evidence and published literature, we hypothesize that when nitrate (NO3- ) is the main Nitrogen source and the intracellular concentration of NO2- is low (i.e. under physiological conditions), microalgal N2 O synthesis involves the reduction of NO3- to NO2- by NR followed by the reduction of NO2- to NO by the dual system involving NR. This microalgal N2 O pathway has broad implications for environmental science and algal biology because the pathway of NO3- assimilation is conserved among microalgae, and because its regulation may involve NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Plouviez
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Wheeler
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Andy Shilton
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Packer
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Patricia A McLenachan
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Campus de excelencia internacional (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Francisco Ocaña-Calahorro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Campus de excelencia internacional (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Campus de excelencia internacional (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Benoit Guieysse
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Preimesberger MR, Majumdar A, Lecomte JTJ. Dynamics of Lysine as a Heme Axial Ligand: NMR Analysis of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Hemoglobin THB1. Biochemistry 2017; 56:551-569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Preimesberger
- T.
C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ananya Majumdar
- Biomolecular
NMR Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Juliette T. J. Lecomte
- T.
C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The nitrite reductase activity of horse heart carboxymethylated-cytochrome c is modulated by cardiolipin. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:421-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
10
|
Ascenzi P, Sbardella D, Fiocchetti M, Santucci R, Coletta M. NO2−-mediated nitrosylation of ferrous microperoxidase-11. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 153:121-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Sanz-Luque E, Chamizo-Ampudia A, Llamas A, Galvan A, Fernandez E. Understanding nitrate assimilation and its regulation in microalgae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:899. [PMID: 26579149 PMCID: PMC4620153 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate assimilation is a key process for nitrogen (N) acquisition in green microalgae. Among Chlorophyte algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has resulted to be a good model system to unravel important facts of this process, and has provided important insights for agriculturally relevant plants. In this work, the recent findings on nitrate transport, nitrate reduction and the regulation of nitrate assimilation are presented in this and several other algae. Latest data have shown nitric oxide (NO) as an important signal molecule in the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of nitrate reductase and inorganic N transport. Participation of regulatory genes and proteins in positive and negative signaling of the pathway and the mechanisms involved in the regulation of nitrate assimilation, as well as those involved in Molybdenum cofactor synthesis required to nitrate assimilation, are critically reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Emilio Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of CordobaCordoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
In the last few years, advances in algal research have identified the participation of haemoglobins in nitrogen metabolism and the management of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. This chapter summarises the state of knowledge concerning algal haemoglobins with a focus on the most widely used model system, namely, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Genetic, physiologic, structural, and chemical information is compiled to provide a framework for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Johnson
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Juliette T J Lecomte
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|