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Pilotto Heming C, Aran V. The potential of circulating cell-free RNA in CNS tumor diagnosis and monitoring: A liquid biopsy approach. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 204:104504. [PMID: 39251048 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Early detection of malignancies, through regular cancer screening, has already proven to have potential to increase survival rates. Yet current screening methods rely on invasive, expensive tissue sampling that has hampered widespread use. Liquid biopsy is noninvasive and represents a potential approach to precision oncology, based on molecular profiling of body fluids. Among these, circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) has gained attention due to its diverse composition and potential as a sensitive biomarker. This review provides an overview of the processes of cfRNA delivery into the bloodstream and the role of cfRNA detection in the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Different types of cfRNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recognized as potential biomarkers in CNS tumors. These molecules exhibit differential expression patterns in the plasma, cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) and urine of patients with CNS tumors, providing information for diagnosing the disease, predicting outcomes, and assessing treatment effectiveness. Few clinical trials are currently exploring the use of liquid biopsy for detecting and monitoring CNS tumors. Despite obstacles like sample standardization and data analysis, cfRNA shows promise as a tool in the diagnosis and management of CNS tumors, offering opportunities for early detection, personalized therapy, and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pilotto Heming
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 225, Rio de Janeiro 21941-905, Brazil; Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rua do Rezende 156, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Veronica Aran
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 225, Rio de Janeiro 21941-905, Brazil; Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rua do Rezende 156, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil.
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2
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Ordóñez-Rubiano EG, Rincón-Arias N, Espinosa S, Shelton WJ, Salazar AF, Cómbita A, Baldoncini M, Luzzi S, Payán-Gómez C, Gómez- Amarillo DF, Hakim F, Patiño-Gómez JG, Parra- Medina R. The potential of miRNA-based approaches in glioblastoma: An update in current advances and future perspectives. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 7:100193. [PMID: 39055532 PMCID: PMC11268206 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor. The emerging field of epigenetics stands out as particularly promising. Notably, the discovery of micro RNAs (miRNAs) has paved the way for advancements in diagnosing, treating, and prognosticating patients with brain tumors. We aim to provide an overview of the emergence of miRNAs in GBM and their potential role in the multifaceted management of this disease. We discuss the current state of the art regarding miRNAs and GBM. We performed a narrative review using the MEDLINE/PUBMED database to retrieve peer-reviewed articles related to the use of miRNA approaches for the treatment of GBMs. MiRNAs are intrinsic non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression mainly through post-transcriptional mechanisms. The deregulation of some of these molecules is related to the pathogenesis of GBM. The inclusion of molecular characterization for the diagnosis of brain tumors and the advent of less-invasive diagnostic methods such as liquid biopsies, highlights the potential of these molecules as biomarkers for guiding the management of brain tumors such as GBM. Importantly, there is a need for more studies to better examine the application of these novel molecules. The constantly changing characterization and approach to the diagnosis and management of brain tumors broaden the possibilities for the molecular inclusion of novel epigenetic molecules, such as miRNAs, for a better understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar G. Ordóñez-Rubiano
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de La Salud, Hospital de San José – Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolás Rincón-Arias
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de La Salud, Hospital de San José – Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Sebastian Espinosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de La Salud, Hospital de San José – Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | | | - Alba Cómbita
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Microbiology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Matías Baldoncini
- School of Medicine, Laboratory of Microsurgical Neuroanatomy, Second Chair of Gross Anatomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - César Payán-Gómez
- Dirección Académica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede de La Paz, La Paz, Colombia
| | | | - Fernando Hakim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier G. Patiño-Gómez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de La Salud, Hospital de San José – Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Rafael Parra- Medina
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
- Research Institute, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de La Salud (FUCS), Hospital de San José – Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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3
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Schuster M, Braun FK, Chiang DML, Ludwig C, Meng C, Grätz C, Kirchner B, Proescholdt M, Hau P, Steinlein OK, Pfaffl MW, Riemenschneider MJ, Reithmair M. Extracellular vesicles secreted by 3D tumor organoids are enriched for immune regulatory signaling biomolecules compared to conventional 2D glioblastoma cell systems. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388769. [PMID: 38726003 PMCID: PMC11079215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Newer 3D culturing approaches are a promising way to better mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment and to study the interactions between the heterogeneous cell populations of glioblastoma multiforme. Like many other tumors, glioblastoma uses extracellular vesicles as an intercellular communication system to prepare surrounding tissue for invasive tumor growth. However, little is known about the effects of 3D culture on extracellular vesicles. The aim of this study was to comprehensively characterize extracellular vesicles in 3D organoid models and compare them to conventional 2D cell culture systems. Methods Primary glioblastoma cells were cultured as 2D and 3D organoid models. Extracellular vesicles were obtained by precipitation and immunoaffinity, with the latter allowing targeted isolation of the CD9/CD63/CD81 vesicle subpopulation. Comprehensive vesicle characterization was performed and miRNA expression profiles were generated by smallRNA-sequencing. In silico analysis of differentially regulated miRNAs was performed to identify mRNA targets and corresponding signaling pathways. The tumor cell media and extracellular vesicle proteome were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results We observed an increased concentration of extracellular vesicles in 3D organoid cultures. Differential gene expression analysis further revealed the regulation of twelve miRNAs in 3D tumor organoid cultures (with nine miRNAs down and three miRNAs upregulated). MiR-23a-3p, known to be involved in glioblastoma invasion, was significantly increased in 3D. MiR-7-5p, which counteracts glioblastoma malignancy, was significantly decreased. Moreover, we identified four miRNAs (miR-323a-3p, miR-382-5p, miR-370-3p, miR-134-5p) located within the DLK1-DIO3 domain, a cancer-associated genomic region, suggesting a possible importance of this region in glioblastoma progression. Overrepresentation analysis identified alterations of extracellular vesicle cargo in 3D organoids, including representation of several miRNA targets and proteins primarily implicated in the immune response. Conclusion Our results show that 3D glioblastoma organoid models secrete extracellular vesicles with an altered cargo compared to corresponding conventional 2D cultures. Extracellular vesicles from 3D cultures were found to contain signaling molecules associated with the immune regulatory signaling pathways and as such could potentially change the surrounding microenvironment towards tumor progression and immunosuppressive conditions. These findings suggest the use of 3D glioblastoma models for further clinical biomarker studies as well as investigation of new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schuster
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank K. Braun
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dapi Meng-Lin Chiang
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Grätz
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kirchner
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Proescholdt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander Neuro-Oncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ortrud K. Steinlein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Marlene Reithmair
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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4
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Zanganeh S, Abbasgholinejad E, Doroudian M, Esmaelizad N, Farjadian F, Benhabbour SR. The Current Landscape of Glioblastoma Biomarkers in Body Fluids. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3804. [PMID: 37568620 PMCID: PMC10416862 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and lethal primary brain cancer that necessitates early detection and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as imaging techniques and tissue biopsies, have limitations in providing real-time information and distinguishing treatment-related changes from tumor progression. Liquid biopsies, used to analyze biomarkers in body fluids, offer a non-invasive and dynamic approach to detecting and monitoring GBM. This article provides an overview of GBM biomarkers in body fluids, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), cell-free RNA (cfRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and extracellular vesicles. It explores the clinical utility of these biomarkers for GBM detection, monitoring, and prognosis. Challenges and limitations in implementing liquid biopsy strategies in clinical practice are also discussed. The article highlights the potential of liquid biopsies as valuable tools for personalized GBM management but underscores the need for standardized protocols and further research to optimize their clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Zanganeh
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Elham Abbasgholinejad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran; (E.A.); (N.E.)
| | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran; (E.A.); (N.E.)
| | - Nazanin Esmaelizad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran; (E.A.); (N.E.)
| | - Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Soumya Rahima Benhabbour
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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5
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Sisakht AK, Malekan M, Ghobadinezhad F, Firouzabadi SNM, Jafari A, Mirazimi SMA, Abadi B, Shafabakhsh R, Mirzaei H. Cellular Conversations in Glioblastoma Progression, Diagnosis and Treatment. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:585-603. [PMID: 35411434 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent malignancy among primary brain tumors in adults and one of the worst 5-year survival rates (< 7%) among all human cancers. Till now, treatments that target particular cell or intracellular metabolism have not improved patients' survival. GBM recruits healthy brain cells and subverts their processes to create a microenvironment that contributes to supporting tumor progression. This microenvironment encompasses a complex network in which malignant cells interact with each other and with normal and immune cells to promote tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune suppression, and treatment resistance. Communication can be direct via cell-to-cell contact, mainly through adhesion molecules, tunneling nanotubes, gap junctions, or indirect by conventional paracrine signaling by cytokine, neurotransmitter, and extracellular vesicles. Understanding these communication routes could open up new avenues for the treatment of this lethal tumor. Hence, therapeutic approaches based on glioma cells` communication have recently drawn attention. This review summarizes recent findings on the crosstalk between glioblastoma cells and their tumor microenvironment, and the impact of this conversation on glioblastoma progression. We also discuss the mechanism of communication of glioma cells and their importance as therapeutic targets and diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Overall, understanding the biological mechanism of specific interactions in the tumor microenvironment may help in predicting patient prognosis and developing novel therapeutic strategies to target GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karimi Sisakht
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Malekan
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbod Ghobadinezhad
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Negar Mousavi Firouzabadi
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Banafshe Abadi
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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6
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Yan LJ, Lin HB, Yu HQ, Jie LR, Chen J, Mei YL, Peng Y. The clinical diagnostic value of plasma miR-592 and miR-217-3p levels in retinoblastoma. J Med Biochem 2022; 41:497-505. [PMID: 36381083 PMCID: PMC9618339 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-34794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the abnormal expression of plasma miR-592 and miR-217-3p in retinoblastoma (Rb) and explore the clinical diagnostic value of their expression levels for Rb. METHODS The 100 Rb patients who came to Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected as the Rb group, and 100 healthy patients who came to the physical examination centre during the same period were selected as the control group. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of plasma miR-592 and miR-217-3p in all subjects; analyse the relationship between plasma miR-592 and miR-217-3p levels and the clinicopathological characteristics of Rb. Pearson correlation analysis evaluated the relationship between plasma miR-592 and miR-217-3p levels and overall survival. RESULTS Plasma levels of miR-592 and miR-217-3p in the Rb group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.0001), and the expression of miR-592 was significantly correlated with family genetic history (p 0.0001), tumour bias (p=0.0081), lymph node metastasis (p=0.0048) and pathological grade (p=0.0025), and the expression of miR-217-3p was significantly related to family genetic history (p 0.0001), optic nerve infiltration (p 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (p=0.0090), and pathological grade (p 0.0001). The high expression of miR-592 and miR-217-3p presents a more serious pathological manifestation of Rb, and the overall survival of patients is significantly shortened with the increase of miR-592 (r=-0.2276, p=0.0052) and miR-217-3p levels (r=-0.6461, p 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS and miR-217-3p are highly expressed in the plasma of Rb patients, and their elevated levels present severe pathological manifestations of Rb and shortened overall survival, which is expected to become biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Jin Yan
- Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Five Senses of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, China
| | - Huang Bin Lin
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Five Senses of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, China
| | - Hu Qi Yu
- Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Five Senses of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, China
| | - Li Ru Jie
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Five Senses of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Five Senses of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, China
| | - Yuan Ling Mei
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Five Senses of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Five Senses of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, China
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7
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Wang PY, Yang S, Bao YJ. An Integrative Analysis Framework for Identifying the Prognostic Markers from Multidimensional RNA Data of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:671-686. [PMID: 35063405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The altered regulatory status of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), miRNA, and mRNA and their interactions play critical roles in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and progression, which ultimately influence cancer prognosis. However, there are limited studies of comprehensive identification of prognostic biomarkers from combined data sets of the three RNA types in the highly metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The current study employed an integrative analysis framework of functional genomics approaches and machine learning methods to the lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA data and identified 16 RNAs (3 lncRNAs, 6 miRNAs, and 7 mRNAs) of prognostic value, with 9 of them novel. A 16 RNA-based score was established for prognosis prediction of ccRCC with significance (P < 0.0001). The area under the curve for the score model was 0.868 to 0.870 in the training cohort and 0.714 to 0.778 in the validation cohort. Construction of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network showed that the downstream mRNAs and upstream lncRNAs in the network initiated from the miRNA or lncRNA markers exhibit significant enrichment in functional classifications associated with cancer metastasis, proliferation, progression, or prognosis. The functional analysis provided clear support for the role of the RNA biomarkers in predicting cancer prognosis. This study provides promising biomarkers for predicting prognosis of ccRCC using multidimensional RNA data, and these findings are expected to facilitate potential clinical applications of the biomarkers.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Prognosis
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Juan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
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8
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Deciphering specific miRNAs in brain tumors: a 5-miRNA signature in glioblastoma. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:507-521. [PMID: 35175428 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs with a marked impact on the development and progression of brain tumors. However, they commonly share different expression patterns in other types of tumors, thereby exhibiting lack of tissue specificity. Here, an integrative holistic analysis of microarray data is established for deciphering dysregulated miRNAs in glioblastoma, distinguishing them from eight other CNS tumors. The identification of dysregulated miRNAs was performed in a pool of 176 patients, 118 of which diagnosed with glioblastoma. Dysregulated miRNAs commonly expressed in glioblastoma were then discriminated from those co-expressed in other CNS tumors and further characterized. Overall, 21 miRNAs were found to be commonly dysregulated in glioblastoma. Notwithstanding, 16 miRNAs also exhibited a differential expression in at least one other CNS tumor. The remaining 5, specifically, hsa-miR-21-3p, hsa-miR-338-5p, hsa-miR-485-5p, hsa-miR-491-5p and hsa-miR-1290, were solely associated to glioblastoma. This signature is in-depth characterized, with the spotlight on tumor progression, invasion and patient survival. These five endogenous molecules, differentially expressed in glioblastoma, are thus suggested as potential therapeutic targets, modulating several genes involved in major signalling pathways, including MAPK/ERK, calcium, PI3K/AKT, mTOR and Wnt. In summary, these findings lay a foundation for further research on the expression and function of specific patterns of miRNAs expression in glioblastoma, providing reference for potential novel targets.
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9
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Lambrou GI, Poulou M, Giannikou K, Themistocleous M, Zaravinos A, Braoudaki M. Differential and Common Signatures of miRNA Expression and Methylation in Childhood Central Nervous System Malignancies: An Experimental and Computational Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215491. [PMID: 34771655 PMCID: PMC8583574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are considered of utmost significance for tumor ontogenesis and progression. Especially, it has been found that miRNA expression, as well as DNA methylation plays a significant role in central nervous system tumors during childhood. A total of 49 resected brain tumors from children were used for further analysis. DNA methylation was identified with methylation-specific MLPA and, in particular, for the tumor suppressor genes CASP8, RASSF1, MGMT, MSH6, GATA5, ATM1, TP53, and CADM1. miRNAs were identified with microarray screening, as well as selected samples, were tested for their mRNA expression levels. CASP8, RASSF1 were the most frequently methylated genes in all tumor samples. Simultaneous methylation of genes manifested significant results with respect to tumor staging, tumor type, and the differentiation of tumor and control samples. There was no significant dependence observed with the methylation of one gene promoter, rather with the simultaneous presence of all detected methylated genes' promoters. miRNA expression was found to be correlated to gene methylation. Epigenetic regulation appears to be of major importance in tumor progression and pathophysiology, making it an imperative field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I. Lambrou
- Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Myrto Poulou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Krinio Giannikou
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Marios Themistocleous
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Group, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Braoudaki
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (M.B.)
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10
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Dragomir MP, Knutsen E, Calin GA. Classical and noncanonical functions of miRNAs in cancers. Trends Genet 2021; 38:379-394. [PMID: 34728089 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in microRNAs (miRNAs) expression are causative in the initiation and progression of human cancers. The molecular events responsible for the widespread differential expression of miRNAs in malignancy are exemplified by their location in cancer-associated genomic regions, epigenetic mechanisms, transcriptional dysregulation, chemical modifications and editing, and alterations in miRNA biogenesis proteins. The classical miRNA function is synonymous with post-transcriptional repression of target protein genes. However, several studies have reported miRNAs functioning outside this paradigm and some of these novel modes of regulation of gene expression have been implicated in cancers. Here, we summarize key aspects of miRNA involvement in cancer, with a special focus on these lesser-studied mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea P Dragomir
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Erik Knutsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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11
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The Association of Human Herpesviruses with Malignant Brain Tumor Pathology and Therapy: Two Sides of a Coin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052250. [PMID: 33668202 PMCID: PMC7956256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of certain viruses in malignant brain tumor development remains controversial. Experimental data demonstrate that human herpesviruses (HHVs), particularly cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), are implicated in brain tumor pathology, although their direct role has not yet been proven. CMV is present in most gliomas and medulloblastomas and is known to facilitate oncomodulation and/or immunomodulation, thus promoting cancer cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. EBV and HHV-6 have also been detected in brain tumors and high-grade gliomas, showing high rates of expression and an inflammatory potential. On the other hand, due to the neurotropic nature of HHVs, novel studies have highlighted the engagement of such viruses in the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches in the context of oncolytic viral treatment and vaccine-based strategies against brain tumors. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent scientific data concerning the emerging dual role of HHVs in malignant brain pathology, either as potential causative agents or as immunotherapeutic tools in the fight against these devastating diseases.
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12
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Hallal S, Azimi A, Wei H, Ho N, Lee MYT, Sim HW, Sy J, Shivalingam B, Buckland ME, Alexander-Kaufman KL. A Comprehensive Proteomic SWATH-MS Workflow for Profiling Blood Extracellular Vesicles: A New Avenue for Glioma Tumour Surveillance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134754. [PMID: 32635403 PMCID: PMC7369771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving outcomes for diffuse glioma patients requires methods that can accurately and sensitively monitor tumour activity and treatment response. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membranous nanoparticles that can traverse the blood-brain-barrier, carrying oncogenic molecules into the circulation. Measuring clinically relevant glioma biomarkers cargoed in circulating EVs could revolutionise how glioma patients are managed. Despite their suitability for biomarker discovery, the co-isolation of highly abundant complex blood proteins has hindered comprehensive proteomic studies of circulating-EVs. Plasma-EVs isolated from pre-operative glioma grade II-IV patients (n = 41) and controls (n = 11) were sequenced by Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) and data extraction was performed by aligning against a custom 8662-protein library. Overall, 4054 proteins were measured in plasma-EVs. Differentially expressed proteins and putative circulating-EV markers were identified (adj. p-value < 0.05), including those reported in previous in-vitro and ex-vivo glioma-EV studies. Principal component analysis showed that plasma-EV protein profiles clustered according to glioma histological-subtype and grade, and plasma-EVs resampled from patients with recurrent tumour progression grouped with more aggressive glioma samples. The extensive plasma-EV proteome profiles achieved here highlight the potential for SWATH-MS to define circulating-EV biomarkers for objective blood-based measurements of glioma activity that could serve as ideal surrogate endpoints to assess tumour progression and allow more dynamic, patient-centred treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Hallal
- Neurosurgery Department, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (S.H.); (B.S.)
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Ali Azimi
- Dermatology Department, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia;
| | - Heng Wei
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Nicholas Ho
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Maggie Yuk Ting Lee
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Hao-Wen Sim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Joanne Sy
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Brindha Shivalingam
- Neurosurgery Department, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (S.H.); (B.S.)
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Michael Edward Buckland
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Kimberley Louise Alexander-Kaufman
- Neurosurgery Department, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (S.H.); (B.S.)
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-8514-0675
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13
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Garcia CM, Toms SA. The Role of Circulating MicroRNA in Glioblastoma Liquid Biopsy. World Neurosurg 2020; 138:425-435. [PMID: 32251831 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignancy of the central nervous system. The standard used to monitor disease progression and therapeutic response has been magnetic resonance imaging, which is usually obtained preoperatively and postoperatively. Patients with GBM are monitored every 2-3 months and scans are repeated until progression is detected. Sometimes there is an inability to detect tumor progression or difficulty in differentiating tumor progression from pseudoprogression. With the difficulty of distinguishing disease progression, as well as the cost of imaging, there may be a need for the existence of a noninvasive liquid biopsy. There is no reliable biomarker for GBM that can be used for liquid biopsy, but if one could be detected in serum or cerebrospinal fluid and vary with tumor burden, then, it could be developed into one. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally control gene expression. They play vital roles in tumor progression, migration, invasion, and stemness. Because miRNAs are secreted in stable forms in bodily fluid, either via extracellular vesicles or in cell-free form, they have great potential as biomarkers that can be used for liquid biopsy. Various miRNAs that are dysregulated in GBM have been identified in tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum samples. There needs to be standardization of sample collection and quantification for both cell-free and exosomal-derived samples. Further studies need to be performed on larger cohorts to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of not just miRNAs but most potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Steven A Toms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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14
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Calhoun MA, Cui Y, Elliott EE, Mo X, Otero JJ, Winter JO. MicroRNA-mRNA Interactions at Low Levels of Compressive Solid Stress Implicate mir-548 in Increased Glioblastoma Cell Motility. Sci Rep 2020; 10:311. [PMID: 31941933 PMCID: PMC6962377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an astrocytic brain tumor with median survival times of <15 months, primarily as a result of high infiltrative potential and development of resistance to therapy (i.e., surgical resection, chemoradiotherapy). A prominent feature of the GBM microenvironment is compressive solid stress (CSS) caused by uninhibited tumor growth within the confined skull. Here, we utilized a mechanical compression model to apply CSS (<115 Pa) to well-characterized LN229 and U251 GBM cell lines and measured their motility, morphology, and transcriptomic response. Whereas both cell lines displayed a peak in migration at 23 Pa, cells displayed differential response to CSS with either minimal (i.e., U251) or large changes in motility (i.e., LN229). Increased migration of LN229 cells was also correlated to increased cell elongation. These changes were tied to epigenetic signaling associated with increased migration and decreases in proliferation predicted via Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis (IPA), characteristics associated with tumor aggressiveness. miRNA-mRNA interaction analysis revealed strong influence of the miR548 family (i.e., mir-548aj, mir-548az, mir-548t) on differential signaling induced by CSS, suggesting potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention that may improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Calhoun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yixiao Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eileen E Elliott
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jose J Otero
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica O Winter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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15
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Limam S, Missaoui N, Mestiri S, Yacoubi M, Krifa H, Selmi B, Mokni M. Epstein-Barr virus infection in gliomas. Curr Res Transl Med 2019; 67:129-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Objectives: Firefighters have elevated cancer incidence and mortality rates. MicroRNAs play prominent roles in carcinogenesis, but have not been previously evaluated in firefighters. Methods: Blood from 52 incumbent and 45 new recruit nonsmoking firefighters was analyzed for microRNA expression, and the results adjusted for age, obesity, ethnicity, and multiple comparisons. Results: Nine microRNAs were identified with at least a 1.5-fold significant difference between groups. All six microRNAs with decreased expression in incumbent firefighters have been reported to have tumor suppressor activity or are associated with cancer survival, and two of the three microRNAs with increased expression in incumbent firefighters have activities consistent with cancer promotion, with the remaining microRNA associated with neurological disease. Conclusion: Incumbent firefighters showed differential microRNA expression compared with new recruits, providing potential mechanisms for increased cancer risk in firefighters.
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17
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Current and Future Trends on Diagnosis and Prognosis of Glioblastoma: From Molecular Biology to Proteomics. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080863. [PMID: 31405017 PMCID: PMC6721640 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Due to the absence of effective pharmacological and surgical treatments, the identification of early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is of key importance to improve the survival rate of patients and to develop new personalized treatments. On these bases, the aim of this review article is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the application of molecular biology and proteomics techniques for the identification of novel biomarkers through the analysis of different biological samples obtained from glioblastoma patients, including DNA, microRNAs, proteins, small molecules, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, etc. Both benefits and pitfalls of molecular biology and proteomics analyses are discussed, including the different mass spectrometry-based analytical techniques, highlighting how these investigation strategies are powerful tools to study the biology of glioblastoma, as well as to develop advanced methods for the management of this pathology.
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18
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MiR-592 suppresses the development of glioma by regulating Rho-associated protein kinase. Neuroreport 2018; 29:1391-1399. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Gene Expression Analysis of the Effect of Ischemic Infarction in Whole Blood. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112335. [PMID: 29113076 PMCID: PMC5713304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the abundance of stroke patients and deaths from stroke worldwide, many studies concerning the aftermath of stroke are being carried out. To reveal the precise effect of ischemic infarction, we conducted a comprehensive gene expression analysis. Alongside a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) Sprague–Dawley rat model, we used a group undergoing sham surgery for comparison, which was the same as MCAO surgery but without blood vessel occlusion. Subsequently, infarction of the brains of MCAO-treated rats occurred, but did not occur in the sham-treated rats. Using whole blood, we carried out DNA microarray analysis, revealing the gene expression alterations caused by stroke. Downregulation of immune pathways and cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules indicated immunodepression. By conducting miRNA microarray analysis, we extracted seven miRNAs as significantly regulated: miR-107-5p, miR-383-5p, miR-24-1-5p, mir-191b, miR-196b-5p, and miR-3552 were upregulated, and mir-194-1 was downregulated. Among these seven miRNAs, three had one target mRNA each that was extracted as differentially expressed, and the expression levels of all pairs were inversely correlated. This indicates the occurrence of miRNA–mRNA regulatory systems in blood: between miR-107-5p and H2A histone family member Z (H2afz), miR-196b-5p and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (Ptprc), and miR-3552 and serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (Srsf2). Moreover, six miRNAs had matching human miRNAs with similar sequences, which are potential human stroke biomarkers.
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20
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Peng T, Zhou L, Qi H, Wang G, Luan Y, Zuo L. MiR-592 functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma by targeting IGFBP2. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317719273. [PMID: 28718372 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317719273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that microRNA-592 is involved in tumor initiation and development in several types of human cancers. However, the biological functions and molecular mechanism of microRNA-592 in glioma remain unclear. In this study, we explored the potential role of microRNA-592 in glioma as well as the possible molecular mechanisms. Our results proved that microRNA-592 expression was significantly downregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines (p < 0.01). Functional assays revealed that overexpression of microRNA-592 dramatically reduced the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced cell arrest at G1/G0 phase in vitro. Mechanistic investigations defined insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 as a direct and functional downstream target of microRNA-592, which was involved in the microRNA-592-mediated tumor-suppressive effects in glioma cells. Moreover, the in vivo study showed that microRNA-592 overexpression produced the smaller tumor volume and weight in nude mice. In summary, these results elucidated the function of microRNA-592 in glioma progression and suggested a promising application of it in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Lixiang Zhou
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qi
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yongxin Luan
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zuo
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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21
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Strojnik T, Duh D, Lah TT. Prevalence of Neurotropic Viruses in Malignant Glioma and Their Onco-Modulatory Potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 31:221-229. [PMID: 28358704 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the association between infectious agents and tumour aetiology is relevant in about 20% of cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS We tested high-grade glioma tissues from 45 patients for the presence of viral nucleic acids of six herpes viruses, human adenoviruses (A-G), and two neurotropic human viruses (enteroviruses, tick-borne encephalitis virus). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used with immunolabelling. RESULTS Three species of herpes viruses were detected: HSV-2, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), HHV-6, and one human enterovirus. Plasma of these patients was not infected with viruses. In sera of patients, low HSV-1 and HSV-2 immunoreactivity were found in five cases, although these were not detected in their tumour tissue. CONCLUSION Certain common viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, human cytomegalovirus) are chronically present in the sera of patients with glioblastoma, but not necessarily in their tissues. Possibly both are associated with glioma progression, as we only found viruses in glioblastoma multiforme, but not in lower stages of glioma. Low titres of viruses in the blood indicate chronic viral virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Strojnik
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Darja Duh
- Department for Medical Microbiology Maribor, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food (NLZOH), Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tamara T Lah
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Plasma Viral miRNAs Indicate a High Prevalence of Occult Viral Infections. EBioMedicine 2017; 20:182-192. [PMID: 28465156 PMCID: PMC5478184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) varies greatly in different populations. We hypothesized that the actual prevalence of KSHV/HHV8 infection in humans is underestimated by the currently available serological tests. We analyzed four independent patient cohorts with post-surgical or post-chemotherapy sepsis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and post-surgical patients with abdominal surgical interventions. Levels of specific KSHV-encoded miRNAs were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and KSHV/HHV-8 IgG were measured by immunoassay. We also measured specific miRNAs from Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), a virus closely related to KSHV/HHV-8, and determined the EBV serological status by ELISA for Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) IgG. Finally, we identified the viral miRNAs by in situ hybridization (ISH) in bone marrow cells. In training/validation settings using independent multi-institutional cohorts of 300 plasma samples, we identified in 78.50% of the samples detectable expression of at least one of the three tested KSHV-miRNAs by RT-qPCR, while only 27.57% of samples were found to be seropositive for KSHV/HHV-8 IgG (P < 0.001). The prevalence of KSHV infection based on miRNAs qPCR is significantly higher than the prevalence determined by seropositivity, and this is more obvious for immuno-depressed patients. Plasma viral miRNAs quantification proved that EBV infection is ubiquitous. Measurement of viral miRNAs by qPCR has the potential to become the “gold” standard method to detect certain viral infections in clinical practice. There is no agreement on a standard assay to detect the true prevalence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. Measurement of the viral miRNAs in plasma by RT-qPCR allows a direct and accurate assessment of viral infection. Measurement of the viral miRNAs in plasma by RT-qPCR shows prevalence of KSHV infection in immuno-depressed patients. Measurement of plasma viral miRNAs for viral infection assessment has the potential to become a “gold” standard method in the clinical practice.
Chronic viral infections represent risk factors for diseases and development of infection-related complications. There is no agreement on a standard assay to detect the true prevalence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. The current method used in the clinical practice (ELISA-test) identifies a great geographic variation in KSHV seroprevalence and may underestimate the true-prevalence of KSHV infection. Here we showed that detection of plasma viral miRNAs levels for the identification of viral infection (e.g., KSHV, Epstein-Bar virus or EBV) is more accurate than the current method for detection of virus-derived antigen, especially in patients with low number of immune cells.
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23
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Zhao H, Shen J, Hodges TR, Song R, Fuller GN, Heimberger AB. Serum microRNA profiling in patients with glioblastoma: a survival analysis. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:59. [PMID: 28284220 PMCID: PMC5346242 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Because circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have drawn a great deal of attention as promising novel cancer diagnostics and prognostic biomarkers, we sought to identify serum miRNAs significantly associated with outcome in glioblastoma patients. To do this, we performed global miRNA profiling in serum samples from 106 primary glioblastoma patients. The study subjects were randomly divided into two sets: set one (n = 40) and set two (n = 66). Using a Cox regression model, 3 serum miRNAs (miR-106a-5p, miR-182, and miR-145-5p) and 5 serum miRNAs (miR-222-3p, miR-182, miR-20a-5p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-145-5p) were identified significantly associated with 2-year patient overall survival and disease-free survival (P < 0.05) in both sets and the combined set. We then created the miRNA risk scores to assess the total impact of the significant serum miRNAs on survival. The high risk scores were associated with poor patient survival (overall survival: HR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.19, 10.23, and disease-free survival: HR = 2.03, 95%CI: 1.24, 4.28), and were independent of other clinicopathological factors. Our results suggest that serum miRNAs could serve as prognostic predictors of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tiffany R Hodges
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Renduo Song
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gregory N Fuller
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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24
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Mercatelli N, Galardi S, Ciafrè SA. MicroRNAs as Multifaceted Players in Glioblastoma Multiforme. MIRNAS IN DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT 2017; 333:269-323. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Fabris L, Calin GA. Circulating free xeno-microRNAs - The new kids on the block. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:503-8. [PMID: 26860056 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of circulating free microRNAs (cfmiRNAs) as promising tools for cancer screening, prognosis and monitoring of anticancer therapies has been widely studied in the past decades. cfmiRNAs have all the characteristics of the perfect biomarkers owing high stability under storage and handling conditions and being detectable not only in plasma, but in almost all body fluids. Moreover, their levels in plasma are likely to resemble ones in the primary tumor. Recently, viral and plant miRNAs have been found in plasma of healthy individuals through deep sequencing technique, and subsequently the same ones were deregulated in patients. Growing body of literature is recently focusing on understanding the potential cross-kingdom regulation of human mRNAs by miRNAs most likely absorbed with food ingestion. In this article we will review the literature concerning the xenomiRs detected in plasma and their role in influencing cancer onset and progression. XenomiRs could potentially be used not only as early screening tool, but also for patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Fabris
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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26
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Wu A, Lim M. Issues to Consider in Designing Immunotherapy Clinical Trials for Glioblastoma Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2016.78060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Slaby O. Circulating Blood-Borne microRNAs as Biomarkers in Solid Tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 106:75-122. [PMID: 26608200 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0955-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in cancer research is the identification of stable biomarkers that could be routinely measured in easily accessible samples. Human blood and other body fluids represent rich sources for the identification of novel biomarkers. It is apparent that the availability of these biomarkers would improve an early detection of asymptomatic disease and the clinical management of cancer. MicroRNAs have been described to be present in various types of body fluids including cell-free serum and plasma. These days, the involvement of microRNAs in molecular pathology of cancer is well established. Moreover, it seems that these molecules could be optimal noninvasive biomarkers owing to their high stability under storage and handling conditions and high sensitivity and specificity in various diseases. To date, more than 100 circulating microRNAs with the potential to serve as novel diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive biomarkers for different types of cancers have been identified, and this number is still increasing. However, there are major discrepancies in the findings by different research groups, and few commonly altered microRNAs have been reported in these studies. Further studies on large cohorts using uniform methodology are warranted to establish the clinical applicability of circulating microRNAs for solid tumors. Here, we summarize the tumor-specific profiles of blood-borne microRNAs and discuss their potential utility for personalized medicine of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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