1
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Lim JE, Bernatchez P, Nabi IR. Scaffolds and the scaffolding domain: an alternative paradigm for caveolin-1 signaling. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:947-959. [PMID: 38526159 PMCID: PMC11088920 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a 22 kDa intracellular protein that is the main protein constituent of bulb-shaped membrane invaginations known as caveolae. Cav1 can be also found in functional non-caveolar structures at the plasma membrane called scaffolds. Scaffolds were originally described as SDS-resistant oligomers composed of 10-15 Cav1 monomers observable as 8S complexes by sucrose velocity gradient centrifugation. Recently, cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) and super-resolution microscopy have shown that 8S complexes are interlocking structures composed of 11 Cav1 monomers each, which further assemble modularly to form higher-order scaffolds and caveolae. In addition, Cav1 can act as a critical signaling regulator capable of direct interactions with multiple client proteins, in particular, the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), a role believed by many to be attributable to the highly conserved and versatile scaffolding domain (CSD). However, as the CSD is a hydrophobic domain located by cryoEM to the periphery of the 8S complex, it is predicted to be enmeshed in membrane lipids. This has led some to challenge its ability to interact directly with client proteins and argue that it impacts signaling only indirectly via local alteration of membrane lipids. Here, based on recent advances in our understanding of higher-order Cav1 structure formation, we discuss how the Cav1 CSD may function through both lipid and protein interaction and propose an alternate view in which structural modifications to Cav1 oligomers may impact exposure of the CSD to cytoplasmic client proteins, such as eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Lim
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Room 217, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pascal Bernatchez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Room 217, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ivan R. Nabi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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2
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Tomita S, Nakanishi N, Ogata T, Higuchi Y, Sakamoto A, Tsuji Y, Suga T, Matoba S. The Cavin-1/Caveolin-1 interaction attenuates BMP/Smad signaling in pulmonary hypertension by interfering with BMPR2/Caveolin-1 binding. Commun Biol 2024; 7:40. [PMID: 38182755 PMCID: PMC10770141 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) and Cavin-1 are components of caveolae, both of which interact with and influence the composition and stabilization of caveolae. CAV1 is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 2 receptor (BMPR2) is localized in caveolae associated with CAV1 and is commonly mutated in PAH. Here, we show that BMP/Smad signaling is suppressed in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells of CAV1 knockout mice. Moreover, hypoxia enhances the CAV1/Cavin-1 interaction but attenuates the CAV1/BMPR2 interaction and BMPR2 membrane localization in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). Both Cavin-1 and BMPR2 are associated with the CAV1 scaffolding domain. Cavin-1 decreases BMPR2 membrane localization by inhibiting the interaction of BMPR2 with CAV1 and reduces Smad signal transduction in PAECs. Furthermore, Cavin-1 knockdown is resistant to CAV1-induced pulmonary hypertension in vivo. We demonstrate that the Cavin-1/Caveolin-1 interaction attenuates BMP/Smad signaling and is a promising target for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tomita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naohiko Nakanishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yusuke Higuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yumika Tsuji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takaomi Suga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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3
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Timmins LR, Ortiz-Silva M, Joshi B, Li YL, Dickson FH, Wong TH, Vandevoorde KR, Nabi IR. Caveolin-1 promotes mitochondrial health and limits mitochondrial ROS through ROCK/AMPK regulation of basal mitophagic flux. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23343. [PMID: 38071602 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201872rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1), the main structural component of caveolae, is phosphorylated at tyrosine-14 (pCAV1), regulates signal transduction, mechanotransduction, and mitochondrial function, and plays contrasting roles in cancer progression. We report that CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (KO) of CAV1 increases mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, increases mitochondrial potential, and reduces ROS in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Supporting a role for pCAV1, these effects are reversed upon expression of CAV1 phosphomimetic CAV1 Y14D but not non-phosphorylatable CAV1 Y14F. pCAV1 is a known effector of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) signaling and ROCK1/2 signaling mediates CAV1 promotion of increased mitochondrial potential and decreased ROS production in MDA-MB-231 cells. CAV1/ROCK control of mitochondrial potential and ROS is caveolae-independent as similar results were observed in PC3 prostate cancer cells lacking caveolae. Increased mitochondrial health and reduced ROS in CAV1 KO MDA-MB-231 cells were reversed by knockdown of the autophagy protein ATG5, mitophagy regulator PINK1 or the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 and therefore due to mitophagy. Use of the mitoKeima mitophagy probe confirmed that CAV1 signaling through ROCK inhibited basal mitophagic flux. Activation of AMPK, a major mitochondrial homeostasis protein inhibited by ROCK, is inhibited by CAV1-ROCK signaling and mediates the increased mitochondrial potential, decreased ROS, and decreased basal mitophagy flux observed in wild-type MDA-MB-231 cells. CAV1 regulation of mitochondrial health and ROS in cancer cells therefore occurs via ROCK-dependent inhibition of AMPK. This study therefore links pCAV1 signaling activity at the plasma membrane with its regulation of mitochondrial activity and cancer cell metabolism through control of mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan R Timmins
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Milene Ortiz-Silva
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bharat Joshi
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Y Lydia Li
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fiona H Dickson
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Timothy H Wong
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kurt R Vandevoorde
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ivan R Nabi
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Enyong EN, Gurley JM, De Ieso ML, Stamer WD, Elliott MH. Caveolar and non-Caveolar Caveolin-1 in ocular homeostasis and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101094. [PMID: 35729002 PMCID: PMC9669151 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae, specialized plasma membrane invaginations present in most cell types, play important roles in multiple cellular processes including cell signaling, lipid uptake and metabolism, endocytosis and mechanotransduction. They are found in almost all cell types but most abundant in endothelial cells, adipocytes and fibroblasts. Caveolin-1 (Cav1), the signature structural protein of caveolae was the first protein associated with caveolae, and in association with Cavin1/PTRF is required for caveolae formation. Genetic ablation of either Cav1 or Cavin1/PTRF downregulates expression of the other resulting in loss of caveolae. Studies using Cav1-deficient mouse models have implicated caveolae with human diseases such as cardiomyopathies, lipodystrophies, diabetes and muscular dystrophies. While caveolins and caveolae are extensively studied in extra-ocular settings, their contributions to ocular function and disease pathogenesis are just beginning to be appreciated. Several putative caveolin/caveolae functions are relevant to the eye and Cav1 is highly expressed in retinal vascular and choroidal endothelium, Müller glia, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the Schlemm's canal endothelium and trabecular meshwork cells. Variants at the CAV1/2 gene locus are associated with risk of primary open angle glaucoma and the high risk HTRA1 variant for age-related macular degeneration is thought to exert its effect through regulation of Cav1 expression. Caveolins also play important roles in modulating retinal neuroinflammation and blood retinal barrier permeability. In this article, we describe the current state of caveolin/caveolae research in the context of ocular function and pathophysiology. Finally, we discuss new evidence showing that retinal Cav1 exists and functions outside caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Enyong
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jami M Gurley
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael L De Ieso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael H Elliott
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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5
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Vieira AM, Silvestre OF, Silva BF, Ferreira CJ, Lopes I, Gomes AC, Espiña B, Sárria MP. pH-sensitive nanoliposomes for passive and CXCR-4-mediated marine yessotoxin delivery for cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:717-739. [PMID: 35481356 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Yessotoxin (YTX), a marine-derived drug, was encapsulated in PEGylated pH-sensitive nanoliposomes, covalently functionalized (strategy I) with SDF-1α and by nonspecific adsorption (strategy II), to actively target chemokine receptor CXCR-4. Methods: Cytotoxicity to normal human epithelial cells (HK-2) and prostate (PC-3) and breast (MCF-7) adenocarcinoma models, with different expression levels of CXCR-4, were tested. Results: Strategy II exerted the highest cytotoxicity toward cancer cells while protecting normal epithelia. Acid pH-induced fusion of nanoliposomes seemed to serve as a primary route of entry into MCF-7 cells but PC-3 data support an endocytic pathway for their internalization. Conclusion: This work describes an innovative hallmark in the current marine drug clinical pipeline, as the developed nanoliposomes are promising candidates in the design of groundbreaking marine flora-derived anticancer nanoagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mg Vieira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.,Centre of Molecular & Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Oscar F Silvestre
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Bruno Fb Silva
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Celso Jo Ferreira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.,Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e do Porto (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Ivo Lopes
- Centre of Molecular & Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Andreia C Gomes
- Centre of Molecular & Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,Institute of Science & Innovation for Biosustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Begoña Espiña
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Marisa P Sárria
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
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6
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Tarighat SS, Fei F, Joo EJ, Abdel-Azim H, Yang L, Geng H, Bum-Erdene K, Grice ID, von Itzstein M, Blanchard H, Heisterkamp N. Overcoming Microenvironment-Mediated Chemoprotection through Stromal Galectin-3 Inhibition in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12167. [PMID: 34830047 PMCID: PMC8624256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally-mediated drug resistance in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) significantly contributes to relapse. Stromal cells in the bone marrow environment protect leukemia cells by secretion of chemokines as cues for BCP-ALL migration towards, and adhesion to, stroma. Stromal cells and BCP-ALL cells communicate through stromal galectin-3. Here, we investigated the significance of stromal galectin-3 to BCP-ALL cells. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to ablate galectin-3 in stromal cells and found that galectin-3 is dispensable for steady-state BCP-ALL proliferation and viability. However, efficient leukemia migration and adhesion to stromal cells are significantly dependent on stromal galectin-3. Importantly, the loss of stromal galectin-3 production sensitized BCP-ALL cells to conventional chemotherapy. We therefore tested novel carbohydrate-based small molecule compounds (Cpd14 and Cpd17) with high specificity for galectin-3. Consistent with results obtained using galectin-3-knockout stromal cells, treatment of stromal-BCP-ALL co-cultures inhibited BCP-ALL migration and adhesion. Moreover, these compounds induced anti-leukemic responses in BCP-ALL cells, including a dose-dependent reduction of viability and proliferation, the induction of apoptosis and, importantly, the inhibition of drug resistance. Collectively, these findings indicate galectin-3 regulates BCP-ALL cell responses to chemotherapy through the interactions between leukemia cells and the stroma, and show that a combination of galectin-3 inhibition with conventional drugs can sensitize the leukemia cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh S. Tarighat
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
| | - Fei Fei
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
| | - Eun Ji Joo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;
| | - Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (K.B.-E.); (I.D.G.); (M.v.I.); (H.B.)
| | - I. Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (K.B.-E.); (I.D.G.); (M.v.I.); (H.B.)
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (K.B.-E.); (I.D.G.); (M.v.I.); (H.B.)
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (K.B.-E.); (I.D.G.); (M.v.I.); (H.B.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Nora Heisterkamp
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;
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7
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Tian Y, Liu X, Hu J, Zhang H, Wang B, Li Y, Fu L, Su R, Yu Y. Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis of Caveolae-Related Genes in Human Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703501. [PMID: 34513683 PMCID: PMC8427033 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae-related genes, including CAVs that encodes caveolins and CAVINs that encodes caveolae-associated proteins cavins, have been identified for playing significant roles in a variety of biological processes including cholesterol transport and signal transduction, but evidences related to tumorigenesis and cancer progression are not abundant to correlate with clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with cancer. In this study, we investigated the expression of these genes at transcriptional and translational levels in patients with breast cancer using Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), cBioPortal databases, and immunohistochemistry of the patients in our hospital. Prognosis of patients with breast cancer based on the expressions of CAVs and CAVINs was summarized using Kaplan-Meier Plotter with their correlation to different subtyping. The relevant molecular pathways of these genes were further analyzed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results elucidated that expression levels of CAV1, CAV2, CAVIN1, CAVIN2, and CAVIN3 were significantly lower in breast cancer tissues than in normal samples, while the expression level of CAVIN2 was correlated with advanced tumor stage. Furthermore, investigations on survival of patients with breast cancer indicated outstanding associations between prognosis and CAVIN2 levels, especially for the patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. In conclusion, our investigation indicated CAVIN2 is a potential therapeutic target for patients with ER+ breast cancer, which may relate to functions of cancer cell surface receptors and adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tian
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Baichuan Wang
- Anhui Medical University Clinical College of Chest, Hefei, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yingxi Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Fu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Su
- School of Computer Software, College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Yu
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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8
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Jeethy Ram T, Lekshmi A, Somanathan T, Sujathan K. Galectin-3: A factotum in carcinogenesis bestowing an archery for prevention. Tumour Biol 2021; 43:77-96. [PMID: 33998569 DOI: 10.3233/tub-200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and therapy resistance are the foremost hurdles in oncology at the moment. This review aims to pinpoint the functional aspects of a unique multifaceted glycosylated molecule in both intracellular and extracellular compartments of a cell namely galectin-3 along with its metastatic potential in different types of cancer. All materials reviewed here were collected through the search engines PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar. Among the 15 galectins identified, the chimeric gal-3 plays an indispensable role in the differentiation, transformation, and multi-step process of tumor metastasis. It has been implicated in the molecular mechanisms that allow the cancer cells to survive in the intravascular milieu and promote tumor cell extravasation, ultimately leading to metastasis. Gal-3 has also been found to have a pivotal role in immune surveillance and pro-angiogenesis and several studies have pointed out the importance of gal-3 in establishing a resistant phenotype, particularly through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Additionally, some recent findings suggest the use of gal-3 inhibitors in overcoming therapeutic resistance. All these reports suggest that the deregulation of these specific lectins at the cellular level could inhibit cancer progression and metastasis. A more systematic study of glycosylation in clinical samples along with the development of selective gal-3 antagonists inhibiting the activity of these molecules at the cellular level offers an innovative strategy for primary cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jeethy Ram
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Asha Lekshmi
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Thara Somanathan
- Division of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - K Sujathan
- Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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9
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Wong TH, Khater IM, Joshi B, Shahsavari M, Hamarneh G, Nabi IR. Single molecule network analysis identifies structural changes to caveolae and scaffolds due to mutation of the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7810. [PMID: 33833286 PMCID: PMC8032680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1), the caveolae coat protein, also associates with non-caveolar scaffold domains. Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) network analysis distinguishes caveolae and three scaffold domains, hemispherical S2 scaffolds and smaller S1B and S1A scaffolds. The caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD) is a highly conserved hydrophobic region that mediates interaction of CAV1 with multiple effector molecules. F92A/V94A mutation disrupts CSD function, however the structural impact of CSD mutation on caveolae or scaffolds remains unknown. Here, SMLM network analysis quantitatively shows that expression of the CAV1 CSD F92A/V94A mutant in CRISPR/Cas CAV1 knockout MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells reduces the size and volume and enhances the elongation of caveolae and scaffold domains, with more pronounced effects on S2 and S1B scaffolds. Convex hull analysis of the outer surface of the CAV1 point clouds confirms the size reduction of CSD mutant CAV1 blobs and shows that CSD mutation reduces volume variation amongst S2 and S1B CAV1 blobs at increasing shrink values, that may reflect retraction of the CAV1 N-terminus towards the membrane, potentially preventing accessibility of the CSD. Detection of point mutation-induced changes to CAV1 domains highlights the utility of SMLM network analysis for mesoscale structural analysis of oligomers in their native environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H Wong
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ismail M Khater
- School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Bharat Joshi
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mona Shahsavari
- School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ghassan Hamarneh
- School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Ivan R Nabi
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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10
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Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) has long been implicated in cancer progression, and while widely accepted as an oncogenic protein, CAV1 also has tumor suppressor activity. CAV1 was first identified in an early study as the primary substrate of Src kinase, a potent oncoprotein, where its phosphorylation correlated with cellular transformation. Indeed, CAV1 phosphorylation on tyrosine-14 (Y14; pCAV1) has been associated with several cancer-associated processes such as focal adhesion dynamics, tumor cell migration and invasion, growth suppression, cancer cell metabolism, and mechanical and oxidative stress. Despite this, a clear understanding of the role of Y14-phosphorylated pCAV1 in cancer progression has not been thoroughly established. Here, we provide an overview of the role of Src-dependent phosphorylation of tumor cell CAV1 in cancer progression, focusing on pCAV1 in tumor cell migration, focal adhesion signaling and metabolism, and in the cancer cell response to stress pathways characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss a model for Y14 phosphorylation regulation of CAV1 effector protein interactions via the caveolin scaffolding domain.
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11
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Li N, Zhan X. MASS SPECTROMETRY-BASED MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEOMICS IN HUMAN OVARIAN CANCERS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:471-498. [PMID: 32020673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The prominent characteristics of mitochondria are highly dynamic and regulatory, which have crucial roles in cell metabolism, biosynthetic, senescence, apoptosis, and signaling pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction might lead to multiple serious diseases, including cancer. Therefore, identification of mitochondrial proteins in cancer could provide a global view of tumorigenesis and progression. Mass spectrometry-based quantitative mitochondrial proteomics fulfils this task by enabling systems-wide, accurate, and quantitative analysis of mitochondrial protein abundance, and mitochondrial protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Multiple quantitative proteomics techniques, including isotope-coded affinity tag, stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification, tandem mass tags, and label-free quantification, in combination with different PTM-peptide enrichment methods such as TiO2 enrichment of tryptic phosphopeptides and antibody enrichment of other PTM-peptides, increase flexibility for researchers to study mitochondrial proteomes. This article reviews isolation and purification of mitochondria, quantitative mitochondrial proteomics, quantitative mitochondrial phosphoproteomics, mitochondrial protein-involved signaling pathway networks, mitochondrial phosphoprotein-involved signaling pathway networks, integration of mitochondrial proteomic and phosphoproteomic data with whole tissue proteomic and transcriptomic data and clinical information in ovarian cancers (OC) to in-depth understand its molecular mechanisms, and discover effective mitochondrial biomarkers and therapeutic targets for predictive, preventive, and personalized treatment of OC. This proof-of-principle model about OC mitochondrial proteomics is easily implementable to other cancer types. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- University Creative Research Initiatives Center, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- University Creative Research Initiatives Center, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 88 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 88 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
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12
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Wang L, Yang C, Wang Q, Liu Q, Wang Y, Zhou J, Li Y, Tan Y, Kang C. Homotrimer cavin1 interacts with caveolin1 to facilitate tumor growth and activate microglia through extracellular vesicles in glioma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:6674-6694. [PMID: 32550897 PMCID: PMC7295042 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Intercellular communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) plays a critical role in glioma progression. However, little is known about the precise mechanism regulating EV secretion and function. Our previous study revealed that Cavin1 was positively correlated with malignancy grades of glioma patients, and that overexpressing Cavin1 in glioma cells enhanced the malignancy of nearby glioma cells via EVs. Methods: The current study used bioinformatics to design a variant Cavin1 (vCavin1) incapable of interacting with Caveolin1, and compared the effects of overexpressing Cavin1 and vCavin1 in glioma cells on EV production and function. Results: Remarkably, our results indicated that Cavin1 expression enhanced the secretion, uptake, and homing ability of glioma-derived EVs. EVs expressing Cavin1 promoted glioma growth in vitro and in vivo. In addition, Cavin1 expressing murine glioma cells recruited and activated microglia via EVs. However, vCavin1 neither was loaded onto EVs nor altered EV secretion and function. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that Cavin1-Caveolin1 interaction played a significant role in regulating production and function of glioma-EVs, and may act as a promising therapeutic target in gliomas that express high levels of Cavin1.
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13
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Pol A, Morales-Paytuví F, Bosch M, Parton RG. Non-caveolar caveolins – duties outside the caves. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/9/jcs241562. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Caveolae are invaginations of the plasma membrane that are remarkably abundant in adipocytes, endothelial cells and muscle. Caveolae provide cells with resources for mechanoprotection, can undergo fission from the plasma membrane and can regulate a variety of signaling pathways. Caveolins are fundamental components of caveolae, but many cells, such as hepatocytes and many neurons, express caveolins without forming distinguishable caveolae. Thus, the function of caveolins goes beyond their roles as caveolar components. The membrane-organizing and -sculpting capacities of caveolins, in combination with their complex intracellular trafficking, might contribute to these additional roles. Furthermore, non-caveolar caveolins can potentially interact with proteins normally excluded from caveolae. Here, we revisit the non-canonical roles of caveolins in a variety of cellular contexts including liver, brain, lymphocytes, cilia and cancer cells, as well as consider insights from invertebrate systems. Non-caveolar caveolins can determine the intracellular fluxes of active lipids, including cholesterol and sphingolipids. Accordingly, caveolins directly or remotely control a plethora of lipid-dependent processes such as the endocytosis of specific cargoes, sorting and transport in endocytic compartments, or different signaling pathways. Indeed, loss-of-function of non-caveolar caveolins might contribute to the common phenotypes and pathologies of caveolin-deficient cells and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pol
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Morales-Paytuví
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CMM) IMB, The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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14
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Lessons from cavin-1 deficiency. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:147-154. [PMID: 31922193 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae have been implicated in a wide range of critical physiological functions. In the past decade, the dominant role of cavin-1 in caveolae formation has been established, and it has been recognized as another master regulator for caveolae biology. Human patients with cavin-1 mutations develop lipodystrophy and muscular dystrophy and have some major pathological dysfunctions in fat tissue, skeleton muscle, heart, lung and other organs. Cavin-1 deficiency animal models consistently show similar phenotypes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent studies have suggested many possible pathways, including mechanosensing, stress response, signal transduction, exosome secretion, and potential functions in the nucleus. Many excellent and comprehensive review articles already exist on the topics of caveolae structure formation, caveolins, and their pathophysiological functions. We will focus on recent studies using cavin-1 deficiency models, to summarize the pathophysiological changes in adipose, muscle, and other organs, followed by a summary of mechanistic studies about the roles of cavin-1, which includes caveolae formation, ribosomal RNA transcription, mechanical sensing, stress response, and exosome secretion. Further studies may help to elucidate the exact underlying molecular mechanism to explain the pathological changes observed in cavin-1 deficient human patients and animal models, so potential new therapeutic strategies can be developed.
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15
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Khater IM, Aroca-Ouellette ST, Meng F, Nabi IR, Hamarneh G. Caveolae and scaffold detection from single molecule localization microscopy data using deep learning. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211659. [PMID: 31449531 PMCID: PMC6709882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations whose formation requires caveolin-1 (Cav1), the adaptor protein polymerase I, and the transcript release factor (PTRF or CAVIN1). Caveolae have an important role in cell functioning, signaling, and disease. In the absence of CAVIN1/PTRF, Cav1 forms non-caveolar membrane domains called scaffolds. In this work, we train machine learning models to automatically distinguish between caveolae and scaffolds from single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) data. We apply machine learning algorithms to discriminate biological structures from SMLM data. Our work is the first that is leveraging machine learning approaches (including deep learning models) to automatically identifying biological structures from SMLM data. In particular, we develop and compare three binary classification methods to identify whether or not a given 3D cluster of Cav1 proteins is a caveolae. The first uses a random forest classifier applied to 28 hand-crafted/designed features, the second uses a convolutional neural net (CNN) applied to a projection of the point clouds onto three planes, and the third uses a PointNet model, a recent development that can directly take point clouds as its input. We validate our methods on a dataset of super-resolution microscopy images of PC3 prostate cancer cells labeled for Cav1. Specifically, we have images from two cell populations: 10 PC3 and 10 CAVIN1/PTRF-transfected PC3 cells (PC3-PTRF cells) that form caveolae. We obtained a balanced set of 1714 different cellular structures. Our results show that both the random forest on hand-designed features and the deep learning approach achieve high accuracy in distinguishing the intrinsic features of the caveolae and non-caveolae biological structures. More specifically, both random forest and deep CNN classifiers achieve classification accuracy reaching 94% on our test set, while the PointNet model only reached 83% accuracy. We also discuss the pros and cons of the different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail M. Khater
- Medical Image Analysis Lab, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephane T. Aroca-Ouellette
- Medical Image Analysis Lab, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Fanrui Meng
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, LSI Imaging, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ivan Robert Nabi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, LSI Imaging, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ghassan Hamarneh
- Medical Image Analysis Lab, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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16
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Pu W, Nassar ZD, Khabbazi S, Xie N, McMahon KA, Parton RG, Riggins GJ, Harris JM, Parat MO. Correlation of the invasive potential of glioblastoma and expression of caveola-forming proteins caveolin-1 and CAVIN1. J Neurooncol 2019; 143:207-220. [PMID: 30949900 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer. The average survival time for the majority of patients is approximately 15 months after diagnosis. A major feature of GBM that contributes to its poor prognosis is its high invasiveness. Caveolae are plasma membrane subdomains that participate in numerous biological functions. Caveolin-1 and Caveolae Associated Protein 1 (CAVIN1), formerly termed Polymerase I and Transcript Release Factor, are both necessary for caveola formation. We hypothesized that high expression of caveola-forming proteins in GBM promotes invasiveness via modulation of the production of matrix-degrading enzymes. METHODS The mRNA expression of caveola-forming proteins and matrix proteases in GBM samples, and survival after stratifying patients according to caveolin-1 or CAVIN1 expression, were analyzed from TCGA and REMBRANDT databases. The proteolytic profile of cell lines expressing or devoid of caveola-forming proteins was investigated using zymography and real-time qPCR. Invasion through basement membrane-like protein was investigated in vitro. RESULTS Expression of both caveolin-1 and CAVIN1 was increased in GBM compared to normal samples and correlated with expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and gelatinases. High expression of caveola-forming proteins was associated with shorter survival time. GBM cell lines capable of forming caveolae expressed more uPA and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and/or -9 (MMP-9) and were more invasive than GBM cells devoid of caveola-forming proteins. Experimental manipulation of caveolin-1 or CAVIN1 expression in GBM cells recapitulated some, but not all of these features. Caveolae modulate GBM cell invasion in part via matrix protease expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Pu
- PACE, University of Queensland School of Pharmacy, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Zeyad D Nassar
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Samira Khabbazi
- PACE, University of Queensland School of Pharmacy, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Nan Xie
- PACE, University of Queensland School of Pharmacy, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Kerrie-Ann McMahon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gregory J Riggins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21213, USA
| | - Jonathan M Harris
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marie-Odile Parat
- PACE, University of Queensland School of Pharmacy, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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17
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Demetriou M, Nabi IR, Dennis JW. Galectins as Adaptors: Linking Glycosylation and Metabolism with Extracellular Cues. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1732.1se] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan R. Nabi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia
| | - James W. Dennis
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital
- Department of Molecular Genetics, & Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto
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18
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Huang K, Fang C, Yi K, Liu X, Qi H, Tan Y, Zhou J, Li Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhang J, Li M, Kang C. The role of PTRF/Cavin1 as a biomarker in both glioma and serum exosomes. Theranostics 2018; 8:1540-1557. [PMID: 29556340 PMCID: PMC5858166 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play critical roles in intercellular communication in both nearby and distant cells in individuals and organs. Polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF), also known as Cavin1, has previously been described as a critical factor in caveola formation, and aberrant PTRF expression has been reported in various malignancies. However, the function of PTRF in tumor progression remains controversial, and its role in glioma is poorly understood. In this study, we report that PTRF is associated with malignancy grade and poor prognosis in glioma patients. Our previous study using two proteomics methods, tandem mass tag (TMT) and data-independent acquisition (DIA), showed that EGFRvIII overexpression increased PTRF expression at the protein level. In contrast, blocking PI3K and AKT using LY294002 and MK-2206, respectively, decreased PTRF expression, showing that PTRF is regulated in the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway. ChIP-PCR analysis showed that PTRF is transcriptionally regulated by the H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications. Furthermore, PTRF overexpression increased exosome secretion and induced cell growth in vitro. More importantly, overexpressing PTRF induced the malignancy of nearby cells in vivo, suggesting that PTRF alters the microenvironment through intercellular communication via exosomes. Furthermore, analysis of clinical samples showed a positive correlation between tumor grade and PTRF expression in both tumor tissues and exosomes isolated from blood harvested from glioma patients, and PTRF expression in exosomes isolated from the sera of GBM patients was decreased after surgery. In conclusion, PTRF serves as a promising biomarker in both tumor samples and serum exosomes, thus facilitating the detection of glioma and potentially serving as a therapeutic target for glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chuan Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei University Affiliated Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Kaikai Yi
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University,Beijing,100050,China
| | - Hongzhao Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- College of Fundamental Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ying Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
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19
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Meng F, Saxena S, Liu Y, Joshi B, Wong TH, Shankar J, Foster LJ, Bernatchez P, Nabi IR. The phospho-caveolin-1 scaffolding domain dampens force fluctuations in focal adhesions and promotes cancer cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28. [PMID: 28592633 PMCID: PMC5531735 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-05-0278,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav1), a major Src kinase substrate phosphorylated on tyrosine-14 (Y14), contains the highly conserved membrane-proximal caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD; amino acids 82-101). Here we show, using CSD mutants (F92A/V94A) and membrane-permeable CSD-competing peptides, that Src kinase-dependent pY14Cav1 regulation of focal adhesion protein stabilization, focal adhesion tension, and cancer cell migration is CSD dependent. Quantitative proteomic analysis of Cav1-GST (amino acids 1-101) pull downs showed sixfold-increased binding of vinculin and, to a lesser extent, α-actinin, talin, and filamin, to phosphomimetic Cav1Y14D relative to nonphosphorylatable Cav1Y14F. Consistently, pY14Cav1 enhanced CSD-dependent vinculin tension in focal adhesions, dampening force fluctuation and synchronously stabilizing cellular focal adhesions in a high-tension mode, paralleling effects of actin stabilization. This identifies pY14Cav1 as a molecular regulator of focal adhesion tension and suggests that functional interaction between Cav1 Y14 phosphorylation and the CSD promotes focal adhesion traction and, thereby, cancer cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrui Meng
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sandeep Saxena
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Youtao Liu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bharat Joshi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Timothy H. Wong
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jay Shankar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Leonard J. Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Labs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pascal Bernatchez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada,James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ivan R. Nabi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada,*Address correspondence to: Ivan R. Nabi ()
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20
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Meng F, Saxena S, Liu Y, Joshi B, Wong TH, Shankar J, Foster LJ, Bernatchez P, Nabi IR. The phospho-caveolin-1 scaffolding domain dampens force fluctuations in focal adhesions and promotes cancer cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2190-2201. [PMID: 28592633 PMCID: PMC5531735 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-05-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav1), a major Src kinase substrate phosphorylated on tyrosine-14 (Y14), contains the highly conserved membrane-proximal caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD; amino acids 82-101). Here we show, using CSD mutants (F92A/V94A) and membrane-permeable CSD-competing peptides, that Src kinase-dependent pY14Cav1 regulation of focal adhesion protein stabilization, focal adhesion tension, and cancer cell migration is CSD dependent. Quantitative proteomic analysis of Cav1-GST (amino acids 1-101) pull downs showed sixfold-increased binding of vinculin and, to a lesser extent, α-actinin, talin, and filamin, to phosphomimetic Cav1Y14D relative to nonphosphorylatable Cav1Y14F. Consistently, pY14Cav1 enhanced CSD-dependent vinculin tension in focal adhesions, dampening force fluctuation and synchronously stabilizing cellular focal adhesions in a high-tension mode, paralleling effects of actin stabilization. This identifies pY14Cav1 as a molecular regulator of focal adhesion tension and suggests that functional interaction between Cav1 Y14 phosphorylation and the CSD promotes focal adhesion traction and, thereby, cancer cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrui Meng
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sandeep Saxena
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Youtao Liu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bharat Joshi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Timothy H Wong
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jay Shankar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Labs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pascal Bernatchez
- James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ivan R Nabi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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21
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Cai Y, Ruan J, Yao X, Zhao L, Wang B. MicroRNA-187 modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting PTRF in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2787-2794. [PMID: 28393200 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that negatively regulate gene expression play a key role in the development and progression of cancer. Aberrant expression of hsa-miR-187 (miR-187) has been reported in various malignancies. However, the function of miR-187 in tumor progression remains controversial and its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly understood. In the present study, the role of miR-187 in the progression of NSCLC was investigated. Our results revealed that miR-187 was frequently upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. Furthermore, ectopic introduction of miR-187 promoted cell migration, whereas miR-187 inhibitor had the contrary effect in NSCLC cells. Of significance, miR-187 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays a pivotal role in the initiation of metastasis and activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathways. Polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) was identified as a direct target of miR-187 in the promotion of the migration of NSCLC cells. Restored expression of PTRF neutralized the promoting effect of miR-187 on cell migration and EMT of NSCLC cells. Collectively, our data highlight the pivotal role of miR-187 in the progression of NSCLC, indicating this factor as a potential candidate in molecular cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Cai
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Clinical College of the Second Military Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ruan
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xueqing Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Clinical College of the Second Military Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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22
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Jiang Y, Dai J, Yao Z, Shelley G, Keller ET. Abituzumab Targeting of αV-Class Integrins Inhibits Prostate Cancer Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:875-883. [PMID: 28314844 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Integrins that contain an integrin αV subunit contribute to multiple functions that promote cancer progression. The goal of this study was to determine whether abituzumab (DI17E6, EMD 525797), a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) against integrin αV impacts, prostate cancer progression. To evaluate this, prostate cancer cells were treated with DI17E6 and its effects on proliferation, apoptosis, cell-cycle, adhesion, detachment, migration, invasion and phosphorylation of downstream targets, including FAK, Akt, and ERK, were determined. DI17E6 promoted detachment and inhibited adhesion of prostate cancer cells to several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and cells found in the bone microenvironment but had no impact on cell viability, cell-cycle, and caspase-3/7 activity. DI17E6 inhibited migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. In addition, DI7E6 decreased phosphorylation of FAK, Akt, and ERK. These results indicate that inhibition of integrin αV with DI17E6 inhibits several prometastatic phenotypes of prostate cancer cells and therefore provide a rationale for further evaluation of DI17E6 for diminishing prostate cancer progression.Implications: This work identifies that therapeutic targeting of integrins containing an αV integrin unit inhibits cancer progression and thus may be of clinical benefit. Mol Cancer Res; 15(7); 875-83. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinlu Dai
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Greg Shelley
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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23
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Cardoso ACF, Andrade LNDS, Bustos SO, Chammas R. Galectin-3 Determines Tumor Cell Adaptive Strategies in Stressed Tumor Microenvironments. Front Oncol 2016; 6:127. [PMID: 27242966 PMCID: PMC4876484 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the β-galactoside-binding lectin family, whose expression is often dysregulated in cancers. While galectin-3 is usually an intracellular protein found in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, under certain conditions, galectin-3 can be secreted by an yet unknown mechanism. Under stressing conditions (e.g., hypoxia and nutrient deprivation) galectin-3 is upregulated, through the activity of transcription factors, such as HIF-1α and NF-κB. Here, we review evidence that indicates a positive role for galectin-3 in MAPK family signal transduction, leading to cell proliferation and cell survival. Galectin-3 serves as a scaffold protein, which favors the spatial organization of signaling proteins as K-RAS. Upon secretion, extracellular galectin-3 interacts with a variety of cell surface glycoproteins, such as growth factor receptors, integrins, cadherins, and members of the Notch family, among other glycoproteins, besides different extracellular matrix molecules. Through its ability to oligomerize, galectin-3 forms lectin lattices that act as scaffolds that sustain the spatial organization of signaling receptors on the cell surface, dictating its maintenance on the plasma membrane or their endocytosis. Galectin-3 induces tumor cell, endothelial cell, and leukocyte migration, favoring either the exit of tumor cells from a stressed microenvironment or the entry of endothelial cells and leukocytes, such as monocytes/macrophages into the tumor organoid. Therefore, galectin-3 plays homeostatic roles in tumors, as (i) it favors tumor cell adaptation for survival in stressed conditions; (ii) upon secretion, galectin-3 induces tumor cell detachment and migration; and (iii) it attracts monocyte/macrophage and endothelial cells to the tumor mass, inducing both directly and indirectly the process of angiogenesis. The two latter activities are potentially targetable, and specific interventions may be designed to counteract the protumoral role of extracellular galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ferreira Cardoso
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brasil
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24
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Shui IM, Wong CJ, Zhao S, Kolb S, Ebot EM, Geybels MS, Rubicz R, Wright JL, Lin DW, Klotzle B, Bibikova M, Fan JB, Ostrander EA, Feng Z, Stanford JL. Prostate tumor DNA methylation is associated with cigarette smoking and adverse prostate cancer outcomes. Cancer 2016; 122:2168-77. [PMID: 27142338 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation has been hypothesized as a mechanism for explaining the association between smoking and adverse prostate cancer (PCa) outcomes. This study was aimed at assessing whether smoking is associated with prostate tumor DNA methylation and whether these alterations may explain in part the association of smoking with PCa recurrence and mortality. METHODS A total of 523 men had radical prostatectomy as their primary treatment, detailed smoking history data, long-term follow-up for PCa outcomes, and tumor tissue profiled for DNA methylation. Ninety percent of the men also had matched tumor gene expression data. A methylome-wide analysis was conducted to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by smoking status. To select potential functionally relevant DMRs, their correlation with the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of corresponding genes was evaluated. Finally, a smoking-related methylation score based on the top-ranked DMRs was created to assess its association with PCa outcomes. RESULTS Forty DMRs were associated with smoking status, and 10 of these were strongly correlated with mRNA expression (aldehyde oxidase 1 [AOX1], claudin 5 [CLDN5], early B-cell factor 1 [EBF1], homeobox A7 [HOXA7], lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 [LGALS3], microtubule-associated protein τ [MAPT], protocadherin γ A [PCDHGA]/protocadherin γ B [PCDHGB], paraoxonase 3 [PON3], synaptonemal complex protein 2 like [SYCP2L], and zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 12 [ZSCAN12]). Men who were in the highest tertile for the smoking-methylation score derived from these DMRs had a higher risk of recurrence (odds ratio [OR], 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-3.72) and lethal disease (OR, 4.21; 95% CI, 1.65-11.78) in comparison with men in the lower 2 tertiles. CONCLUSIONS This integrative molecular epidemiology study supports the hypothesis that smoking-associated tumor DNA methylation changes may explain at least part of the association between smoking and adverse PCa outcomes. Future studies are warranted to confirm these findings and understand the implications for improving patient outcomes. Cancer 2016;122:2168-77. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Shui
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chao-Jen Wong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Milan S Geybels
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rohina Rubicz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan L Wright
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel W Lin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ziding Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
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25
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Abstract
Caveolae are membrane organelles that play roles in glucose and lipid metabolism and in vascular function. Formation of caveolae requires caveolins and cavins. The make-up of caveolae and their density is considered to reflect cell-specific transcriptional control mechanisms for caveolins and cavins, but knowledge regarding regulation of caveolae genes is incomplete. Myocardin (MYOCD) and its relative MRTF-A (MKL1) are transcriptional coactivators that control genes which promote smooth muscle differentiation. MRTF-A communicates changes in actin polymerization to nuclear gene transcription. Here we tested if myocardin family proteins control biogenesis of caveolae via activation of caveolin and cavin transcription. Using human coronary artery smooth muscle cells we found that jasplakinolide and latrunculin B (LatB), substances that promote and inhibit actin polymerization, increased and decreased protein levels of caveolins and cavins, respectively. The effect of LatB was associated with reduced mRNA levels for these genes and this was replicated by the MRTF inhibitor CCG-1423 which was non-additive with LatB. Overexpression of myocardin and MRTF-A caused 5-10-fold induction of caveolins whereas cavin-1 and cavin-2 were induced 2-3-fold. PACSIN2 also increased, establishing positive regulation of caveolae genes from three families. Full regulation of CAV1 was retained in its proximal promoter. Knock down of the serum response factor (SRF), which mediates many of the effects of myocardin, decreased cavin-1 but increased caveolin-1 and -2 mRNAs. Viral transduction of myocardin increased the density of caveolae 5-fold in vitro. A decrease of CAV1 was observed concomitant with a decrease of the smooth muscle marker calponin in aortic aneurysms from mice (C57Bl/6) infused with angiotensin II. Human expression data disclosed correlations of MYOCD with CAV1 in a majority of human tissues and in the heart, correlation with MKL2 (MRTF-B) was observed. The myocardin family of transcriptional coactivators therefore drives formation of caveolae and this effect is largely independent of SRF.
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