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Carro-Huerga G, Mayo-Prieto S, Rodríguez-González Á, Cardoza RE, Gutiérrez S, Casquero PA. Vineyard Management and Physicochemical Parameters of Soil Affect Native Trichoderma Populations, Sources of Biocontrol Agents against Phaeoacremonium minimum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:887. [PMID: 36840235 PMCID: PMC9966749 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Native strains of Trichoderma in vineyard soil represent an opportunity for reducing the incidence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in vineyards. Moreover, its relationship with the environment (physicochemical soil characteristics and farming management practices) remains unclear. In the current study, a survey was carried out on farming management used by viticulturists, and soil samples were studied to analyze their physicochemical properties and to isolate Trichoderma strains. Later, statistical analyses were performed to identify possible correlations between Trichoderma populations, soil management and soil characteristics. In addition, in vitro tests, including antibiosis and mycoparasitism, were performed to select those Trichoderma strains able to antagonize Phaeoacremonium minimum. In this study a positive correlation was found between the iron content and pH in the soil, and a lower pH increases Trichoderma populations in soils. Vineyard management also affects Trichoderma populations in the soil, negatively in the case of fertilization and tillage and positively in the case of herbicide spraying. Two Trichoderma native strains were selected as potential biocontrol agents (Trichoderma gamsii T065 and Trichoderma harzianum T087) using antibiosis and mycoparasitism as mechanisms of action. These results led to the conclusion that native Trichoderma strains hold great potential as biological control agents and as producers of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Carro-Huerga
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, Avenida Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Sara Mayo-Prieto
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, Avenida Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Álvaro Rodríguez-González
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, Avenida Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Rosa E. Cardoza
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Área de Microbiología, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria y Forestal, Campus de Ponferrada, Universidad de León, Avenida Astorga s/n, 24400 Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Santiago Gutiérrez
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Área de Microbiología, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria y Forestal, Campus de Ponferrada, Universidad de León, Avenida Astorga s/n, 24400 Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Pedro A. Casquero
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, Avenida Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain
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Chervin J, Romeo-Oliván A, Fournier S, Puech-Pages V, Dumas B, Jacques A, Marti G. Modification of Early Response of Vitis vinifera to Pathogens Relating to Esca Disease and Biocontrol Agent Vintec ® Revealed By Untargeted Metabolomics on Woody Tissues. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835463. [PMID: 35308402 PMCID: PMC8924477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esca disease is one of the most destructive grapevine trunk diseases. Phaeoacremonium minimum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora are two of the known fungal pathogens associated with this disease. Today, biocontrol agents against Esca are mainly based on the use of the strain of the mycoparasite fungal genus Trichoderma such as the Vintec® product. The aim of this study was to investigate early response of woody tissues to Esca pathogens and identify metabolites that could be correlated with a biocontrol activity within a complex woody matrix. An untargeted liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomic approach coupled to a spectral similarity network was used to highlight clusters of compounds associated with the plant response to pathogens and biocontrol. Dereplication highlighted the possible role of glycerophospholipids and polyphenol compounds, the latest mainly belonging to stilbenoids. Antifungal activity of some relevant biomarkers, evaluated in vitro on Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Botrytis cinerea, suggests that some of these compounds can play a role to limit the development of Esca pathogens in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Chervin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France
- Metatoul-AgromiX Platform, LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Ana Romeo-Oliván
- Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie, et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), INP PURPAN, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Fournier
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France
- Metatoul-AgromiX Platform, LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Puech-Pages
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France
- Metatoul-AgromiX Platform, LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Dumas
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Alban Jacques
- Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie, et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), INP PURPAN, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Marti
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France
- Metatoul-AgromiX Platform, LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
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Ramsing CK, Gramaje D, Mocholí S, Agustí J, Cabello Sáenz de Santa María F, Armengol J, Berbegal M. Relationship Between the Xylem Anatomy of Grapevine Rootstocks and Their Susceptibility to Phaeoacremonium minimum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:726461. [PMID: 34712253 PMCID: PMC8546399 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.726461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fungal grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are some of the most pressing threats to grape production worldwide. While these diseases are associated with several fungal pathogens, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium minimum are important contributors to esca and Petri diseases. Recent research has linked grapevine xylem diameter with tolerance to Pa. chlamydospora in commercial rootstocks. In this study, we screen over 25 rootstocks for xylem characteristics and tolerance to both Pa. chlamydospora and Pm. minimum. Tolerance was measured by fungal incidence and DNA concentration (quantified via qPCR), while histological analyses were used to measure xylem characteristics, including xylem vessels diameter, density, and the proportion of the stem surface area covered by xylem vessels. Rootstocks were grouped into different classes based on xylem characteristics to assess the potential association between vasculature traits and pathogen tolerance. Our results revealed significant differences in all the analyzed xylem traits, and also in DNA concentration for both pathogens among the tested rootstocks. They corroborate the link between xylem vessels diameter and tolerance to Pa. chlamydospora. In Pm. minimum, the rootstocks with the widest xylem diameter proved the most susceptible. This relationship between vasculature development and pathogen tolerance has the potential to inform both cultivar choice and future rootstock breeding to reduce the detrimental impact of GTDs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis K. Ramsing
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja–Gobierno de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Sara Mocholí
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Agustí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Josep Armengol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Berbegal
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Trunk Surgery as a Tool to Reduce Foliar Symptoms in Diseases of the Esca Complex and Its Influence on Vine Wood Microbiota. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070521. [PMID: 34210025 PMCID: PMC8303226 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, trunk surgery has gained increasing attention as a method to reduce foliar symptoms typical of some of the Esca complex diseases. The technique relies on the mechanical removal of decayed wood by a chainsaw. A study on a 14-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard was carried out to validate the efficacy of trunk surgery and explore possible explanations behind it. Three levels of treatment were applied to three of the most characteristic symptoms associated with some diseases of the Esca complex, such as leaf stripe symptoms (LS), wilted shoots (WS) and apoplexy (APP). The most promising results were obtained by complete trunk surgery, where the larger decay removal allowed lower symptom re-expression. According to the wood types analyzed (decay, medium and sound wood), different changes in microbiota were observed. Alpha-diversity generally decreased for bacteria and increased for fungi. More specifically, main changes were observed for Fomitiporia mediterranea abundance that decreased considerably after trunk surgery. A possible explanation for LS symptom reduction after trunk surgery could be the microbiota shifting caused by the technique itself affecting a microbic-shared biochemical pathway involved in symptom expression.
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Battiston E, Compant S, Antonielli L, Mondello V, Clément C, Simoni A, Di Marco S, Mugnai L, Fontaine F. In planta Activity of Novel Copper(II)-Based Formulations to Inhibit the Esca-Associated Fungus Phaeoacremonium minimum in Grapevine Propagation Material. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:649694. [PMID: 33790931 PMCID: PMC8005723 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.649694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a serious and growing threat to vineyards worldwide. The need for innovative control tools persists since pesticides used against some GTDs have been banned and only methods to prevent infections or to reduce foliar symptoms have been developed so far. In this context, the application of imaging methods, already applied to study plant-microbe interactions, represents an interesting approach to understand the effect of experimental treatments applied to reduce fungal colonization, on GTD-related pathogens activity. To this aim, trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of copper-based treatments, formulated with hydroxyapatite (HA) as co-adjuvant with innovative delivery properties, loaded with two different copper(II) compounds (tribasic sulfate and sulfate pentahydrate), and applied to grapevine propagation material to inhibit fungal wood colonization. The treated rootstock (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis riparia cv. K5BB) and scion cuttings (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Chardonnay) had been inoculated with a strain of Phaeoacremonium minimum (Pmi) compared to uninoculated rootstocks. Experimental treatments were applied during the water-soaking process, comparing the copper(II) compounds pure or formulated with HA, to hydrate the cuttings. After callusing, grafted vines were grown under greenhouse conditions in a nursery and inoculated with Pmi::gfp7 or with Pmi wild-type. Fifteen weeks post-inoculation, woody tissues close to the inoculation site were sampled to evaluate the efficiency of the treatments by studying the plant-microbe interaction by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Copper and further elements were also quantified in the same tissues immediately after the treatments and on the CLSM samples. Finally, the grapevine defense responses were studied in the leaves of cuttings treated with the same formulations. The present investigation confirmed the relevant interaction of Pmi and the related transformed strain on the vascular tissues of grafted vines. Furthermore, in vitro assay revealed (i) the fungistatic effect of HA and the reduced effect of Cu fungicide when combined with HA. In planta assays showed (ii) the reduction of Pmi infection in propagation material treated with HA-Cu formulations, (iii) the movement of HA-Cu formulations inside the plant tissues and their persistence over time, and (iv) the plant defense reaction following the treatment with pure HA or Cu, or combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Battiston
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali – Sezione Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Compant
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Livio Antonielli
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Vincenzo Mondello
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
| | - Andrea Simoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Marco
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mugnai
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali – Sezione Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Florence Fontaine
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
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Carro-Huerga G, Compant S, Gorfer M, Cardoza RE, Schmoll M, Gutiérrez S, Casquero PA. Colonization of Vitis vinifera L. by the Endophyte Trichoderma sp. Strain T154: Biocontrol Activity Against Phaeoacremonium minimum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1170. [PMID: 32849725 PMCID: PMC7417607 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma strains used in biological control products usually exhibit high efficiency in the control of plant diseases. However, their behavior under field conditions is difficult to predict. In addition, the potential of indigenous strains has been poorly assayed as well as their possible behavior as endophytes. Hence, niche colonization is a key feature for an effective protection. In this study, we aimed to: (i) explore the possibility of using a new Trichoderma strain isolated from vine to control pathogens, (ii) study the in planta interaction with the pathogen Phaeoacremonium minimum W. Gams, Crous, M.J. Wingf. & L. Mugnai (formerly Phaeoacremonium aleophilum), a pioneer fungus involved in Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) such as esca. For this purpose, fluorescently tagged Trichoderma sp. T154 and a P. minimum strain were used for scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy analyses. Data showed that the Trichoderma strain is able to colonize plants up to 12 weeks post inoculation and is located in xylem, fibers, as well as in parenchymatic tissues inside the wood. The beneficial fungus reduced colonization of the esca-related pathogen colonizing the same niches. The main observed mechanism involved in biocontrol of Trichoderma against the esca pathogen was spore adhesion, niche exclusion and only few typical hypha coiling was found between Trichoderma and the pathogen. These results suggest that the Trichoderma strain has potential for reducing the colonization of Phaeoacremonium minimum and thus, an inoculation of this biological control agent can protect the plant by limiting the development of GTD, and the strain can behave as an endophyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Carro-Huerga
- Research Group of Engineering and Sustainable Agriculture, Natural Resources Institute, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Stéphane Compant
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Gorfer
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Rosa E. Cardoza
- Research Group of Engineering and Sustainable Agriculture, Natural Resources Institute, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- Area of Microbiology, University School of Agricultural Engineers, Universidad de León, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Monika Schmoll
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Santiago Gutiérrez
- Research Group of Engineering and Sustainable Agriculture, Natural Resources Institute, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- Area of Microbiology, University School of Agricultural Engineers, Universidad de León, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Pedro A. Casquero
- Research Group of Engineering and Sustainable Agriculture, Natural Resources Institute, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Nerva L, Turina M, Zanzotto A, Gardiman M, Gaiotti F, Gambino G, Chitarra W. Isolation, molecular characterization and virome analysis of culturable wood fungal endophytes in esca symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevine plants. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2886-2904. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Nerva
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics – Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA‐VE Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV) Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino Italy
| | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino Italy
| | - Alessandro Zanzotto
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics – Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA‐VE Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV) Italy
| | - Massimo Gardiman
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics – Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA‐VE Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV) Italy
| | - Federica Gaiotti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics – Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA‐VE Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV) Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino Italy
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics – Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA‐VE Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV) Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino Italy
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Reis P, Pierron R, Larignon P, Lecomte P, Abou-Mansour E, Farine S, Bertsch C, Jacques A, Trotel-Aziz P, Rego C, Fontaine F. Vitis Methods to Understand and Develop Strategies for Diagnosis and Sustainable Control of Grapevine Trunk Diseases. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:916-931. [PMID: 30852973 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-18-0349-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitis vinifera is affected by many diseases every year, depending on causal agents, susceptibility of cultivars, and climate region. Some are caused by a single agent, such as gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea or powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator. Others result from the actions of a complex of pathogens such as grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). GTDs are presently among the most devastating diseases in viticulture worldwide because both the economic losses and the long-term sustainability of vineyards are strongly affected. The complexity of GTDs results from the diversity of associated fungi, the undetermined period of latency within the vine (asymptomatic status), the erratic foliar symptom expression from one year to the next, and, probably correlated with all of these points, the lack of efficient strategies to control them. Distinct methods can be beneficial to improve our knowledge of GTDs. In vitro bioassays with cell suspensions, calli, foliar discs, full leaves, or plantlets, and in vivo natural bioassays with cuttings, grafted plants in the greenhouse, or artificially infected ones in the vineyard, can be applied by using progressive integrative levels of in vitro and in vivo, depending on the information searched. In this review, the methods available to understand GTDs are described in terms of experimental procedures, main obtained results, and deliverable prospects. The advantages and disadvantages of each model are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Reis
- 1 Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Pierron
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - P Larignon
- 3 Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, France, 7 avenue Cazeaux, Rodilhan 30230, France
| | - P Lecomte
- 4 UMR Santé et agroécologie du vignoble, INRA-Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - E Abou-Mansour
- 5 Université de Fribourg, Département de Biologie, rue du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - S Farine
- 6 Université Haute-Alsace, Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement EA 3991, 33 rue Herrlisheim, 68008 Colmar cedex, France
| | - C Bertsch
- 6 Université Haute-Alsace, Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement EA 3991, 33 rue Herrlisheim, 68008 Colmar cedex, France
| | - A Jacques
- 7 Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan, 75 voie du Toec, BP57611, 31076 Toulouse cedex 3, France
| | - P Trotel-Aziz
- 8 SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, RIBP EA 4707, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - C Rego
- 1 Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Fontaine
- 8 SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, RIBP EA 4707, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Diaporthe schini Endophytes Associated with Vitis labrusca L. and Its Antagonistic Activity Against Grapevine Phytopathogens. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:217-224. [PMID: 31031437 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungus-caused diseases are among the greatest losses in grapevine culture. Biological control of pathogens by endophytes may be used to decrease fungicide application rates and environmental impacts. Previously, Diaporthe sp. B46-64 and C27-07 were highlighted as antagonists of grapevine phytopathogens. Herein, molecular multigene (ITS-TUB-TEF1) identification and phylogenetic analysis allowed the identification of these endophytes as belonging to Diaporthe schini species. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation was employed for obtaining 14 stable and traceable gfp- or DsRed-expressing transformants, with high transformation efficiency: 96% for the pFAT-GFP plasmid and 98% for pCAM-DsRed plasmid. Transformants were resistant to hygromycin B with gene hph confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and proved to be mitotically stable, expressing the fluorescent phenotype, with morphological differences in the colonies when compared with wild strains. In vitro antagonism tests revealed an increased antagonistic activity of some transformant strains. The current genetic transformation of D. schini mediated by A. tumefaciens proved to be an efficient technique within the randomized insertion of reporter genes for the monitoring of the strain in the environment.
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Massonnet M, Morales-Cruz A, Minio A, Figueroa-Balderas R, Lawrence DP, Travadon R, Rolshausen PE, Baumgartner K, Cantu D. Whole-Genome Resequencing and Pan-Transcriptome Reconstruction Highlight the Impact of Genomic Structural Variation on Secondary Metabolite Gene Clusters in the Grapevine Esca Pathogen Phaeoacremonium minimum. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1784. [PMID: 30150972 PMCID: PMC6099105 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ascomycete fungus Phaeoacremonium minimum is one of the primary causal agents of Esca, a widespread and damaging grapevine trunk disease. Variation in virulence among Pm. minimum isolates has been reported, but the underlying genetic basis of the phenotypic variability remains unknown. The goal of this study was to characterize intraspecific genetic diversity and explore its potential impact on virulence functions associated with secondary metabolism, cellular transport, and cell wall decomposition. We generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly, using single molecule real-time sequencing, and resequenced the genomes and transcriptomes of multiple isolates to identify sequence and structural polymorphisms. Numerous insertion and deletion events were found for a total of about 1 Mbp in each isolate. Structural variation in this extremely gene dense genome frequently caused presence/absence polymorphisms of multiple adjacent genes, mostly belonging to biosynthetic clusters associated with secondary metabolism. Because of the observed intraspecific diversity in gene content due to structural variation we concluded that a transcriptome reference developed from a single isolate is insufficient to represent the virulence factor repertoire of the species. We therefore compiled a pan-transcriptome reference of Pm. minimum comprising a non-redundant set of 15,245 protein-coding sequences. Using naturally infected field samples expressing Esca symptoms, we demonstrated that mapping of meta-transcriptomics data on a multi-species reference that included the Pm. minimum pan-transcriptome allows the profiling of an expanded set of virulence factors, including variable genes associated with secondary metabolism and cellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Massonnet
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Abraham Morales-Cruz
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Minio
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Rosa Figueroa-Balderas
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Daniel P. Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Philippe E. Rolshausen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Kendra Baumgartner
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Fischer J, Compant S, Pierron RJG, Gorfer M, Jacques A, Thines E, Berger H. Differing Alterations of Two Esca Associated Fungi, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora on Transcriptomic Level, to Co-Cultured Vitis vinifera L. calli. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163344. [PMID: 27658052 PMCID: PMC5033417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungi Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (P.al, Teleomorph: Togninia minima) and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (P.ch) are believed to be causal agents of wood symptoms associated with the Esca associated young vine decline. The occurrence of these diseases is dramatically increasing in vineyards all over the world whereas efficient therapeutic strategies are lacking. Both fungi occupy the same ecological niche within the grapevine trunk. We found them predominantly within the xylem vessels and surrounding cell walls which raises the question whether the transcriptional response towards plant cell secreted metabolites is comparable. In order to address this question we co-inoculated grapevine callus culture cells with the respective fungi and analyzed their transcriptomes by RNA sequencing. This experimental setup appears suitable since we aimed to investigate the effects caused by the plant thereby excluding all effects caused by other microorganisms omnipresent in planta and nutrient depletion. Bioinformatics analysis of the sequencing data revealed that 837 homologous genes were found to have comparable expression pattern whereas none of which was found to be differentially expressed in both strains upon exposure to the plant cells. Despite the fact that both fungi induced the transcription of oxido- reductases, likely to cope with reactive oxygen species produced by plant cells, the transcriptomics response of both fungi compared to each other is rather different in other domains. Within the transcriptome of P.ch beside increased transcript levels for oxido- reductases, plant cell wall degrading enzymes and detoxifying enzymes were found. On the other hand in P.al the transcription of some oxido- reductases was increased whereas others appeared to be repressed. In this fungus the confrontation to plant cells results in higher transcript levels of heat shock and chaperon-like proteins as well as genes encoding proteins involved in primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Fischer
- IBWF, Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stéphane Compant
- AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology, Health & Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Romain J. G. Pierron
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse–Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Equipe Agrophysiologie et Agromolécules, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, F-31076 Toulouse Cedex 03, France
- Université de Toulouse, LGC UMR 5503 (CNRS/UPS/INPT), Dept BIOSYM, INP-ENSAT, 1 avenue de l’Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Markus Gorfer
- AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology, Health & Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Alban Jacques
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse–Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Equipe Agrophysiologie et Agromolécules, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, F-31076 Toulouse Cedex 03, France
| | - Eckhard Thines
- IBWF, Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Harald Berger
- AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology, Health & Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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12
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Pierron RJG, Pouzoulet J, Couderc C, Judic E, Compant S, Jacques A. Variations in Early Response of Grapevine Wood Depending on Wound and Inoculation Combinations with Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:268. [PMID: 27014294 PMCID: PMC4786745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Defense mechanisms in woody tissue are poorly understood, especially in vine colonized by trunk pathogens. However, several investigations suggest that molecular mechanisms in the central tissue of Vitis vinifera L. may be involved in trunk-defense reactions. In this work, the perception of Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora alone or together were investigated in cuttings of Cabernet Sauvignon trunks. Plant responses were analyzed at the tissue level via optical microscopy and at the cellular level via plant-gene expression. The microscopy results revealed that, 6 weeks after pathogen inoculation, newly formed vascular tissue is less developed in plants inoculated with P. chlamydospora than in plants inoculated with P. aleophilum. Co-inoculation with both pathogens resulted in an intermediate phenotype. Further analysis showed the relative expression of the following grapevine genes: PAL, PR10.3, TL, TLb, Vv17.3, STS, STS8, CWinv, PIN, CAM, LOX at 10, 24, 48, and 120 h post-inoculation (hpi). The gene set was induced by wounding before inoculation with the different pathogens, except for the genes CAM and LOX. This response generated significant noise, but the expression of the grapevine genes (PAL, PR10.3, TL, TLb, Vv17.3, STS, STS8, CWinv, and PIN) still differed due to perception of mycelium by the plant. Furthermore, at 48 hpi, the induction of PAL and STS8 differs depending on the pathogen, and a specific pattern emerges from the different inductions associated with the different treatments. Based on these results, we conclude that V. vinifera L. trunk perceives the presence of pathogens differently depending on the inoculated pathogen or even on the combination of co-inoculated pathogens, suggesting a defense orchestration in the perennial organs of woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain J. G. Pierron
- Equipe Agrophysiologie et Agromolécules, Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse – Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, Université de ToulouseToulouse, France
- Département BioSym, LGC UMR 5503 (CNRS/UPS/INPT), INP-ENSAT Université de ToulouseCastanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jérôme Pouzoulet
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, RiversideCA, USA
| | - Christel Couderc
- Equipe Agrophysiologie et Agromolécules, Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse – Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, Université de ToulouseToulouse, France
| | - Elodie Judic
- Equipe Agrophysiologie et Agromolécules, Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse – Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, Université de ToulouseToulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Compant
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Health and Environment DepartmentTulln, Austria
| | - Alban Jacques
- Equipe Agrophysiologie et Agromolécules, Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse – Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, Université de ToulouseToulouse, France
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