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Gaussens L, González-Bautista E, Bonnefoy M, Briand M, Tavassoli N, De Souto Barreto P, Rolland Y. Associations between Vitality/Nutrition and the Other Domains of Intrinsic Capacity Based on Data from the INSPIRE ICOPE-Care Program. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071567. [PMID: 37049408 PMCID: PMC10096560 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vitality domain of intrinsic capacity (IC) represents the synthesis of biological interactions and metabolism. As part of the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) program developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), vitality focuses on the nutritional status of older adults. The objective of this work was to describe the vitality domain of IC in community-dwelling older people and to examine the associations of the vitality components (appetite loss and weight loss) with the other IC domains assessed within the framework of ICOPE. METHODS Cross-sectional data were obtained between January 2020 and February 2022 through the INSPIRE-ICOPE-Care program, a real-life ICOPE implementation initiative developed in the Occitania region of France. Participants were men and women aged 60 and older, looking for primary care services within the French healthcare system. RESULTS Appetite loss was reported by 14.0% (2013) of the participants, and weight loss by 12.4% (1788). A total of 863 participants (6.01%) declaring weight loss also suffered from appetite loss. In total, 2910 participants (20.27%) screened positive for the domain of vitality. Appetite loss was significantly associated with positive screenings for the domains of cognition (OR = 2.14 [1.84;2.48]), vision (OR = 1.51 [1.28;1.79]), hearing (OR = 1.18 [1.01;1.37]), psychology (OR = 3.95 [3.46;4.52]), and locomotion 'OR = 2.19 [1.91;2.51]). We found significant associations of weight loss with the IC domains of cognition (OR = 1.65 [1.42;1.93]), psychology (OR = 1.80 [1.56;2.07]), locomotion (OR = 1.64 [1.41;1.91]), vision (OR = 1.24 [1.04;1.47]), and hearing (OR = 1.32 [1.12;1.55]). People reporting simultaneous appetite and weight loss showed higher odds of screening positive for psychological (OR = 5.33 [4.53;6.27]) and locomotion impairments (OR = 3.38 [2.88;3.98]). CONCLUSIONS Appetite and weight loss are common among older people and are related to other potential IC impairments, especially psychological and locomotion. Further studies are needed to explore the longitudinal associations of vitality with the incidence of clinically meaningful declines in the other IC domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Gaussens
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel González-Bautista
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Bonnefoy
- Service de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marguerite Briand
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Neda Tavassoli
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe De Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
- CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
- CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
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Weil T, Daly KM, Yarur Castillo H, Thomsen MB, Wang H, Mercau ME, Hattar S, Tejeda H, Fernandez DC. Daily changes in light influence mood via inhibitory networks within the thalamic perihabenular nucleus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn3567. [PMID: 35687680 PMCID: PMC9187232 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to irregular lighting schedules leads to deficits in affective behaviors. The retino-recipient perihabenular nucleus (PHb) of the dorsal thalamus has been shown to mediate these effects in mice. However, the mechanisms of how light information is processed within the PHb remains unknown. Here, we show that the PHb contains a distinct cluster of GABAergic neurons that receive direct retinal input. These neurons are part of a larger inhibitory network composed of the thalamic reticular nucleus and zona incerta, known to modulate thalamocortical communication. In addition, PHbGABA neurons locally modulate excitatory-relay neurons, which project to limbic centers. Chronic exposure to irregular light-dark cycles alters photo-responsiveness and synaptic output of PHbGABA neurons, disrupting daily oscillations of genes associated with inhibitory and excitatory PHb signaling. Consequently, selective and chronic PHbGABA manipulation results in mood alterations that mimic those caused by irregular light exposure. Together, light-mediated disruption of PHb inhibitory networks underlies mood deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenley Weil
- Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms (SLCR), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - K. M. Daly
- Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms (SLCR), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hector Yarur Castillo
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael B. Thomsen
- Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms (SLCR), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Huikun Wang
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria E. Mercau
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Samer Hattar
- Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms (SLCR), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hugo Tejeda
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diego C. Fernandez
- Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms (SLCR), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Opsins outside the eye and the skin: a more complex scenario than originally thought for a classical light sensor. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:519-538. [PMID: 34236517 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of melanopsin as a retinal non-visual photopigment, opsins have been described in several organs and cells. This distribution is strikingly different from the classical localization of photopigments in light-exposed tissues such as the eyes and the skin. More than 10 years ago, a new paradigm in the field was created as opsins were shown, to detect not only light, but also thermal energy in Drosophila. In agreement with these findings, thermal detection by opsins was also reported in mammalian cells. Considering the presence of opsins in tissues not reached by light, an intriguing question has emerged: What is the role of a classical light-sensor, and more recently appreciated thermo-sensor, in these tissues? To tackle this question, we address in this review the most recent studies in the field, with emphasis in mammals. We provide the present view about the role of opsins in peripheral tissues, aiming to integrate the current knowledge of the presence and function of opsins in organs that are not directly affected by light.
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Nishimon S, Nishino N, Nishino S. Advances in the pharmacological management of non-24-h sleep-wake disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1039-1049. [PMID: 33618599 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1876665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Melatonin, a hormone that regulates circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle, is produced mainly during the dark period in the pineal gland and is suppressed by light exposure. Patients with non-24-h sleep-wake disorder (non-24) fail to entrain the master clock with the 24-h light-dark cycle due to the lack of light perception to the suprachiasmatic nucleus typically in totally blind individuals or other organic disorders in sighted individuals, causing a progressive delay in the sleep-wake cycle and periodic insomnia and daytime sleepiness.Areas covered: Herein, the authors review the pharmacological therapies including exogenous melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists for the management of non-24. They introduce a historical report about the effects of melatonin on the phase shift and entrainment for blind individuals with the free-running circadian rhythm.Expert opinion: Orally administered melatonin entrains the endogenous circadian rhythm and improves nighttime sleep and daytime alertness for non-24. Currently, tasimelteon is the only approved medication for non-24 by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Treatments that focus only on sleep problems are insufficient for the treatment of non-24, and aids to entrain the free-running rhythm with the light-dark cycle are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Nishimon
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishino
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
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Ksendzovsky A, Pomeraniec IJ, Zaghloul KA, Provencio JJ, Provencio I. Clinical implications of the melanopsin-based non-image-forming visual system. Neurology 2017; 88:1282-1290. [PMID: 28251921 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the non-image-forming visual system, tremendous research efforts have been dedicated to understanding its mechanisms and functional roles. Original functions associated with the melanopsin system include the photoentrainment of circadian sleep-wake cycles and the pupillary light reflex. Recent findings, however, suggest a much broader involvement of this system in an array of physiologic responses to light. This newfound insight into the underlying function of the non-image-forming system has revealed the many connections to human pathology and attendant disease states, including seasonal affective disorder, migraine, glaucoma, inherited mitochondrial optic neuropathy, and sleep dysregulation of aging. In this review, the authors discuss in detail the clinical implications of the melanopsin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ksendzovsky
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (A.K., I.J.P.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (J.J.P.), University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville; Surgical Neurology Branch (A.K., K.A.Z.), National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (A.K.) and Biology (I.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
| | - I Jonathan Pomeraniec
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (A.K., I.J.P.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (J.J.P.), University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville; Surgical Neurology Branch (A.K., K.A.Z.), National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (A.K.) and Biology (I.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Kareem A Zaghloul
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (A.K., I.J.P.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (J.J.P.), University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville; Surgical Neurology Branch (A.K., K.A.Z.), National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (A.K.) and Biology (I.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - J Javier Provencio
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (A.K., I.J.P.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (J.J.P.), University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville; Surgical Neurology Branch (A.K., K.A.Z.), National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (A.K.) and Biology (I.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Ignacio Provencio
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (A.K., I.J.P.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (J.J.P.), University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville; Surgical Neurology Branch (A.K., K.A.Z.), National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (A.K.) and Biology (I.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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Bertolesi GE, Vazhappilly ST, Hehr CL, McFarlane S. Pharmacological induction of skin pigmentation unveils the neuroendocrine circuit regulated by light. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:186-98. [PMID: 26582755 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Light-regulated skin colour change is an important physiological process in invertebrates and lower vertebrates, and includes daily circadian variation and camouflage (i.e. background adaptation). The photoactivation of melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) in the eye initiates an uncharacterized neuroendocrine circuit that regulates melanin dispersion/aggregation through the secretion of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). We developed experimental models of normal or enucleated Xenopus embryos, as well as in situ cultures of skin of isolated dorsal head and tails, to analyse pharmacological induction of skin pigmentation and α-MSH synthesis. Both processes are triggered by a melanopsin inhibitor, AA92593, as well as chloride channel modulators. The AA9253 effect is eye-dependent, while functional data in vivo point to GABAA receptors expressed on pituitary melanotrope cells as the chloride channel blocker target. Based on the pharmacological data, we suggest a neuroendocrine circuit linking mRGCs with α-MSH secretion, which is used normally during background adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Bertolesi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sherene T Vazhappilly
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carrie L Hehr
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sarah McFarlane
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology. Mol Vis 2016; 22:61-72. [PMID: 26900325 PMCID: PMC4734149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used to provide illumination in industrial and commercial environments. LEDs are also used in TVs, computers, smart phones, and tablets. Although the light emitted by most LEDs appears white, LEDs have peak emission in the blue light range (400-490 nm). The accumulating experimental evidence has indicated that exposure to blue light can affect many physiologic functions, and it can be used to treat circadian and sleep dysfunctions. However, blue light can also induce photoreceptor damage. Thus, it is important to consider the spectral output of LED-based light sources to minimize the danger that may be associated with blue light exposure. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the effects of blue light on the regulation of physiologic functions and the possible effects of blue light exposure on ocular health.
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