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Buick E, Mead A, Alhubaysh A, Bou Assi P, Das P, Dayus J, Turner M, Kowalski L, Murray J, Renshaw D, Farnaud S. CellShip: An Ambient Temperature Transport and Short-Term Storage Medium for Mammalian Cell Cultures. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:275-285. [PMID: 38150708 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell culture is a critical platform for numerous research and industrial processes. However, methods for transporting cells are largely limited to cryopreservation, which is logistically challenging, requires the use of potentially cytotoxic cryopreservatives, and can result in poor cell recovery. Development of a transport media that can be used at ambient temperatures would alleviate these issues. In this study, we describe a novel transportation medium for mammalian cells. Five commonly used cell lines, (HEK293, CHO, HepG2, K562, and Jurkat) were successfully shipped and stored for a minimum of 72 hours and up to 96 hours at ambient temperature, after which, cells were recovered into standard culture conditions. Viability (%) and cell numbers, were examined, before, following the transport/storage period and following the recovery period. In all experiments, cell numbers returned to pretransport/storage concentration within 24-48 hours recovery. Imaging data indicated that HepG2 cells were fully adherent and had established typical growth morphology following 48 hours recovery, which was not seen in cells recovered from cryopreservation. Following recovery, Jurkat cells that had been subjected to a 96 hours transport/storage period, demonstrated a 1.93-fold increase compared with the starting cell number with >95% cell viability. We conclude that CellShip® may represent a viable method for the transportation of mammalian cells for multiple downstream applications in the Life Sciences research sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Buick
- Life Science Production, Bedford, United Kingdom
- Center of Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Mead
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College (RVC), London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Parijat Das
- Life Science Production, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - James Dayus
- Center of Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Turner
- Center of Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Lukasz Kowalski
- Life Science Production, Bedford, United Kingdom
- Center of Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Murray
- Life Science Production, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Center of Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Farnaud
- Center of Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Carlson N, House CD, Tambasco M. Toward a Transportable Cell Culture Platform for Evaluating Radiotherapy Dose Modifying Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15953. [PMID: 37958936 PMCID: PMC10648285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current tools for validating dose delivery and optimizing new radiotherapy technologies in radiation therapy do not account for important dose modifying factors (DMFs), such as variations in cellular repair capability, tumor oxygenation, ultra-high dose rates and the type of ionizing radiation used. These factors play a crucial role in tumor control and normal tissue complications. To address this need, we explored the feasibility of developing a transportable cell culture platform (TCCP) to assess the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of ionizing radiation. We measured cell recovery, clonogenic viability and metabolic viability of MDA-MB-231 cells over several days at room temperature in a range of concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in medium-supplemented gelatin, under both normoxic and hypoxic oxygen environments. Additionally, we measured the clonogenic viability of the cells to characterize how the duration of the TCCP at room temperature affected their radiosensitivity at doses up to 16 Gy. We found that (78±2)% of MDA-MB-231 cells were successfully recovered after being kept at room temperature for three days in 50% FBS in medium-supplemented gelatin at hypoxia (0.4±0.1)% pO2, while metabolic and clonogenic viabilities as measured by ATP luminescence and colony formation were found to be (58±5)% and (57±4)%, respectively. Additionally, irradiating a TCCP under normoxic and hypoxic conditions yielded a clonogenic oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) of 1.4±0.6 and a metabolic OER of 1.9±0.4. Our results demonstrate that the TCCP can be used to assess the RBE of a DMF and provides a feasible platform for assessing DMFs in radiation therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Carlson
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
| | - Carrie D. House
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
| | - Mauro Tambasco
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
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Heydarzadeh S, Kia SK, Boroomand S, Hedayati M. Recent Developments in Cell Shipping Methods. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2985-3006. [PMID: 35898166 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As opposed to remarkable advances in the cell therapy industry, researches reveal inexplicable difficulties associated with preserving and post-thawing cell death. Post cryopreservation apoptosis is a common occurrence that has attracted the attention of scientists to use apoptosis inhibitors. Transporting cells without compromising their survival and function is crucial for any experimental cell-based therapy. Preservation of cells allows the safe transportation of cells between distances and improves quality control testing in clinical and research applications. The vitality of transported cells is used to evaluate the efficacy of transportation strategies. For many decades, the conventional global methods of cell transfer were not only expensive but also challenging and had adverse effects. The first determination of some projects is optimizing cell survival after cryopreservation. The new generation of cryopreservation science wishes to find appropriate and alternative methods for cell transportation to ship viable cells at an ambient temperature without dry ice or in media-filled flasks. The diversity of cell therapies demands new cell shipping methodologies and cryoprotectants. In this review, we tried to summarize novel improved cryopreservation methods and alternatives to cryopreservation with safe and viable cell shipping at ambient temperature, including dry preservation, hypothermic preservation, gel-based methods, encapsulation methods, fibrin microbeads, and osmolyte solution compositions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Heydarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Kheradmand Kia
- Laboratory for Red Blood Cell Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seti Boroomand
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Encapsulation of human limbus-derived stromal/mesenchymal stem cells for biological preservation and transportation in extreme Indian conditions for clinical use. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16950. [PMID: 31740778 PMCID: PMC6861256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human limbus-derived stromal/mesenchymal stem cells (hLMSC) can be one of the alternatives for the treatment of corneal scars. However, reliable methods of storing and transporting hLMSC remains a serious translational bottleneck. This study aimed to address these limitations by encapsulating hLMSC in alginate beads. Encapsulated hLMSC were kept in transit in a temperature-conditioned container at room temperature (RT) or stored at 4 °C for 3–5 days, which is the likely duration for transporting cells from bench-to-bedside. Non-encapsulated cells were used as controls. Post-storage, hLMSC were released from encapsulation, and viability-assessed cells were plated. After 48 and 96-hours in culture the survival, gene-expression and phenotypic characteristics of hLMSC were assessed. During transit, the container maintained an average temperature of 18.6 ± 1.8 °C, while the average ambient temperature was 31.4 ± 1.2 °C (p = 0.001). Encapsulated hLMSC under transit at RT were recovered with a higher viability (82.5 ± 0.9% and 76.9 ± 1.9%) after 3 (p = 0.0008) and 5-day storage (p = 0.0104) respectively as compared to 4 °C (65.2 ± 1.2% and 64.5 ± 0.8% respectively). Cells at RT also showed a trend towards greater survival-rates when cultured (74.3 ± 2.9% and 67.7 ± 9.8%) than cells stored at 4 °C (54.8 ± 9.04% and 52.4 ± 8.1%) after 3 and 5-days storage (p > 0.2). Non-encapsulated cells had negligible viability at RT and 4 °C. Encapsulated hLMSC (RT and 4 °C) maintained their characteristic phenotype (ABCG2, Pax6, CD90, p63-α, CD45, CD73, CD105, Vimentin and Collagen III). The findings of this study suggest that alginate encapsulation is an effective method of hLMSC preservation offering high cell viability over prolonged durations in transit at RT, therefore, potentially expanding the scope of cell-based therapy for corneal blindness.
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Stacey GN, Connon CJ, Coopman K, Dickson AJ, Fuller B, Hunt CJ, Kemp P, Kerby J, Man J, Matejtschuk P, Moore H, Morris J, Oreffo ROC, Slater N, Ward S, Wiggins C, Zimmermann H. Preservation and stability of cell therapy products: recommendations from an expert workshop. Regen Med 2017; 12:553-564. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
If the field of regenerative medicine is to deliver therapies, rapid expansion and delivery over considerable distances to large numbers of patients is needed. This will demand efficient stabilization and shipment of cell products. However, cryopreservation science is poorly understood by life-scientists in general and in recent decades only limited progress has been made in the technology of preservation and storage of cells. Rapid translation of new developments to a broader range of cell types will be vital, as will assuring a deeper knowledge of the fundamental cell biology relating to successful preservation and recovery of cell cultures. This report presents expert consensus on these and other issues which need to be addressed for more efficient delivery of cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn N Stacey
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, NIBSC, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Che J Connon
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karen Coopman
- Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Alan J Dickson
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Barry Fuller
- Department of Surgery, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charles J Hunt
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, NIBSC, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Paul Kemp
- Intercytex Ltd & HairClone, Manchester, UK
| | - Julie Kerby
- Cell Therapy Manufacturing Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Man
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, NIBSC, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Paul Matejtschuk
- Standardisation Science, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) a centre of the MHRA, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Harry Moore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Richard OC Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells & Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nigel Slater
- The Bioscience Engineering Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Claire Wiggins
- National Health Service – Blood & Transplant, Watford, UK
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biotechnology/Nanotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Marine Sciences, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antafogasta/Coquimbo, Chile
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Wang J, Wei Y, Zhao S, Zhou Y, He W, Zhang Y, Deng W. The analysis of viability for mammalian cells treated at different temperatures and its application in cell shipment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176120. [PMID: 28419157 PMCID: PMC5395231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells are very important experimental materials and widely used in biological and medical research fields. It is often required that mammalian cells are transported from one laboratory to another to meet with various researches. Conventional methods for cell shipment are laborious and costive despite of maintaining high viability. In this study we aimed to develop a simple and low-cost method for cell shipment by investigating the viabilities of different cell lines treated at different temperatures. We show that the viability of mammalian cells incubated at 1°C or 5°C significantly reduced when compared with that at 16°C or 22°C. Colony formation assays revealed that preservation of mammalian cells at 1°C or 5°C led to a poorer recovery than that at 16°C or 22°C. The data from proliferation and apoptotic assays confirmed that M2 cells could continue to proliferate at 16°C or 22°C, but massive death was caused by apoptosis at 1°C or 5°C. The morphology of mammalian cells treated under hypothermia showed little difference from that of the untreated cells. Quantitative RT-PCR and alkaline phosphatase staining confirmed that hypothermic treatment did not change the identity of mouse embryonic stem cells. A case study showed that mammalian cells directly suspended in culture medium were able to be shipped for long distance and maintained a high level of viability and recovery. Our findings not only broaden the understanding to the effect of hypothermia on the viability of mammalian cells, but also provide an alternative approach for cell shipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Huangjiahu Campus, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Qingshan Campus, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Huangjiahu Campus, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Huangjiahu Campus, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Huangjiahu Campus, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Huangjiahu Campus, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Huangjiahu Campus, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wensheng Deng
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Huangjiahu Campus, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- * E-mail:
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