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Buitkamp J, Semmer J, Schmaußer M, Schade B. A case of tibial hemimelia in a German Galloway calf is associated with a novel mutation in the ALX4 gene. Anim Genet 2023; 54:220-221. [PMID: 36585373 DOI: 10.1111/age.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Buitkamp
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute of Animal Breeding, Grub, Germany
| | - Jördis Semmer
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute of Animal Breeding, Grub, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Schade
- Department of Pathology, Bavarian Animal Health Service, Poing, Germany
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Boripun R, Kulnanan P, Pangprasit N, Scholfield CN, Sumretprasong J. Bovine omphalocele: errors in embryonic development, veterinarian importance, and the way forward. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:999-1009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Congenital Limb Deformities in a Neonatal Crossbred Pig. Case Rep Vet Med 2022; 2022:5516633. [PMID: 35517644 PMCID: PMC9064526 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5516633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the pathology and imaging findings in two neonatal piglets with congenital limb deformities. Methods The litter from a second parity crossbred sow presented with four mummified fetuses, three stillborn piglets, and two live piglets with notable limb deformities that were unable to effectively ambulate. The piglets were euthanized and submitted for gross and histological evaluation. Results Both pigs had bilateral secondary cleft palates, with hypoplasia of the nasal turbinates, and external rotation of the forelimbs. One pig displayed bilateral cryptorchidism, markedly thin and shortened hindlimbs, and syndactyly of both hind feet. Radiographs and gross dissection confirmed the presence of single ossified proximal to distal phalanges of both feet, bilaterally shortened tibias with fibular aplasia, and delayed ossification of tarsal as well as carpal bones. Conclusions To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case of hindlimb meromelia with syndactyly in a pig.
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Zarzycki A, Thomas ZM, Mazrier H. Comparison of inherited neural tube defects in companion animals and livestock. Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:319-348. [PMID: 33615733 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital malformations resulting from the improper or incomplete closure of the neural tube during embryonic development. A number of similar malformations of the protective coverings surrounding the central nervous system are also often included under this umbrella term, which may not strictly fit this definition. A range of NTD phenotypes exist and have been reported in humans and a wide range of domestic and livestock species. In the veterinary literature, these include cases of anencephaly, encephalocele, dermoid sinus, spina bifida, and craniorachischisis. While environmental factors have a role, genetic predisposition may account for a significant part of the risk of NTDs in these animal cases. Studies of laboratory model species (fish, birds, amphibians, and rodents) have been instrumental in improving our understanding of the neurulation process. In mice, over 200 genes that may be involved in this process have been identified and variant phenotypes investigated. Like laboratory mouse models, domestic animals and livestock species display a wide range of NTD phenotypes. They remain, however, a largely underutilized population and could complement already established laboratory models. Here we review reports of NTDs in companion animals and livestock, and compare these to other animal species and human cases. We aim to highlight the potential of nonlaboratory animal models for mutation discovery as well as general insights into the mechanisms of neurulation and the development of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zarzycki
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe M Thomas
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hamutal Mazrier
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Khor JM, Ettensohn CA. Transcription Factors of the Alx Family: Evolutionarily Conserved Regulators of Deuterostome Skeletogenesis. Front Genet 2020; 11:569314. [PMID: 33329706 PMCID: PMC7719703 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.569314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the alx gene family encode transcription factors that contain a highly conserved Paired-class, DNA-binding homeodomain, and a C-terminal OAR/Aristaless domain. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic studies have revealed complex patterns of alx gene duplications during deuterostome evolution. Remarkably, alx genes have been implicated in skeletogenesis in both echinoderms and vertebrates. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge concerning alx genes in deuterostomes. We highlight their evolutionarily conserved role in skeletogenesis and draw parallels and distinctions between the skeletogenic gene regulatory circuitries of diverse groups within the superphylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ming Khor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Charles A Ettensohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Abstract
Management strategies for syndromic craniosynostosis patients require multidisciplinary subspecialty teams to provide optimal care for complex reconstructive approaches. The most common craniosynostosis syndromes include Apert (FGFR2), Crouzon (FGFR2), Muenke (FGFR3), Pfeiffer (FGFR1 and FGFR2), and Saethre-Chotzen (TWIST). Bicoronal craniosynostosis (turribrachycephaly) is most commonly associated with syndromic craniosynostosis. Disease presentation varies from mild sutural involvement to severe pansynostoses, with a spectrum of extracraniofacial dysmorphic manifestations. Understanding the multifaceted syndromic presentations while appreciating the panoply of variable presentations is central to delivering necessary individualized care. Cranial vault remodeling aims to relieve restriction of cranial development and elevated intracranial pressure and restore normal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Sawh-Martinez
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, 3rd Floor, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Derek M Steinbacher
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, 3rd Floor, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Yang Q, Zhang S, Liu L, Cao X, Lei C, Qi X, Lin F, Qu W, Qi X, Liu J, Wang R, Chen H, Lan X. Application of mathematical expectation (ME) strategy for detecting low frequency mutations: An example for evaluating 14-bp insertion/deletion (indel) within the bovine PRNP gene. Prion 2017; 10:409-419. [PMID: 27580010 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2016.1211593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection method based on the mathematical expectation (ME) strategy is fast and accuracy for low frequency mutation screening in large samples. Previous studies have found that the 14-bp insertion/deletion (indel) variants of the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) within bovine PRNP gene have been characterized with low frequency (≤5%) in global breeds outside China, which has not been determined in Chinese cattle breeds yet. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the 14-bp indel within PRNP gene in 5 major Chinese indigenous cattle breeds and to evaluate its associations with phenotypic traits. It was the first time to use ME strategy to detect low frequency indel polymorphisms and found that minor allele frequency was 0.038 (Qinchuan), 0.033 (Xianan), 0.013 (Nanyang), 0.003 (Jiaxian), and zero (Ji'an), respectively. Compared to the traditional detection method by which the sample was screened one by one, the reaction time by using the ME method was decreased 62.5%, 64.9%, 77.6%, 88.9% and 66.4%, respectively. In addition, the 14-bp indel was significantly associated with the growth traits in 2 cattle breeds, with the body length of Qinchuan cattle as well as the body weight and waistline of Xianan cattle. Our results have uncovered that the method based on ME strategy is rapid, reliable, and cost-effective for detecting the low frequency mutation as well as our findings provide a potential valuable theoretical basis for the marker-assisted selection (MAS) in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- a Innovation Experimental College , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , P. R. China.,b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , Yangling , Shaanxi , P. R. China
| | - Sihuan Zhang
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , Yangling , Shaanxi , P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- c School of Statistics and Information , ShangHai University of International Business and Economics , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Xiukai Cao
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , Yangling , Shaanxi , P. R. China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , Yangling , Shaanxi , P. R. China
| | - Xinglei Qi
- d Xianan Cattle Technology Development Company , Biyang , Henan , P. R. China.,e Bureau of Animal Husbandry , Biyang , Henan , P. R. China
| | - Fengpeng Lin
- d Xianan Cattle Technology Development Company , Biyang , Henan , P. R. China.,e Bureau of Animal Husbandry , Biyang , Henan , P. R. China
| | - Weidong Qu
- e Bureau of Animal Husbandry , Biyang , Henan , P. R. China
| | - Xingshan Qi
- e Bureau of Animal Husbandry , Biyang , Henan , P. R. China
| | - Jiming Liu
- f Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station of Jiangxi , Nanchang , Jiangxi , P. R. China
| | - Rongmin Wang
- f Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station of Jiangxi , Nanchang , Jiangxi , P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , Yangling , Shaanxi , P. R. China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , Yangling , Shaanxi , P. R. China
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Chu Q, Yan Z, Zhang J, Usman T, Zhang Y, Liu H, Wang H, Geng A, Liu H. Association of SNP rs80659072 in the ZRS with polydactyly in Beijing You chickens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185953. [PMID: 29016641 PMCID: PMC5633194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Beijing You chicken is a Chinese native breed with superior meat quality and a unique appearance. The G/T mutation of SNP rs80659072 in the Shh long-range regulator of GGA2 is highly associated with the polydactyly phenotype in some chicken breeds. In the present study, this SNP was genotyped using the TaqMan detection method, and its association with the number of toes was analyzed in a flock of 158 birds of the Beijing You population maintained at the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. Furthermore, the skeletal structure of the digits was dissected and assembled in 113 birds. The findings revealed that the toes of Beijing You chickens were rich and more complex than expected. The plausible mutation rs80659072 in the zone of polarizing activity regulatory sequence (ZRS) in chickens was an essential but not sufficient condition for polydactyly and polyphalangy in Beijing You chickens. Several individuals shared the T allele but showed normal four-digit conformations. However, breeding trials demonstrated that the T allele could serve as a strong genetic marker for five-toe selection in Beijing You chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhixun Yan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tahir Usman
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ailian Geng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huagui Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Albarella S, Ciotola F, D'Anza E, Coletta A, Zicarelli L, Peretti V. Congenital Malformations in River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Animals (Basel) 2017; 7:ani7020009. [PMID: 28208595 PMCID: PMC5332930 DOI: 10.3390/ani7020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Congenital malformations (due to genetic causes) represent a hidden danger for animal production, above all when genetic selection is undertaken for production improvements. These malformations are responsible for economic losses either because they reduce the productivity of the farm, or because their spread in the population would decrease the total productivity of that species/breed. River buffalo is a species of increasing interest all over the world for its production abilities, as proved by the buffalo genome project and the genetic selection plans that are currently performed in different countries. The aim of this review is to provide a general view of different models of congenital malformations in buffalo and their world distribution. This would be useful either for those who performed buffalo genetic selection or for researchers in genetic diseases, which would be an advantage to their studies with respect to the knowledge of gene mutations and interactions in this species. Abstract The world buffalo population is about 168 million, and it is still growing, in India, China, Brazil, and Italy. In these countries, buffalo genetic breeding programs have been performed for many decades. The occurrence of congenital malformations has caused a slowing of the genetic progress and economic loss for the breeders, due to the death of animals, or damage to their reproductive ability or failing of milk production. Moreover, they cause animal welfare reduction because they can imply foetal dystocia and because the affected animals have a reduced fitness with little chances of survival. This review depicts, in the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) world population, the present status of the congenital malformations, due to genetic causes, to identify their frequency and distribution in order to develop genetic breeding plans able to improve the productive and reproductive performance, and avoid the spreading of detrimental gene variants. Congenital malformations most frequently reported in literature or signaled by breeders to the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production of the University Federico II (Naples, Italy) in river buffalo are: musculoskeletal defects (transverse hemimelia, arthrogryposis, umbilical hernia) and disorders of sexual development. In conclusion this review put in evidence that river buffalo have a great variety of malformations due to genetic causes, and TH and omphalocele are the most frequent and that several cases are still not reported, leading to an underestimation of the real weight of genetic diseases in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Albarella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, Naples 80137, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ciotola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, Naples 80137, Italy.
| | - Emanuele D'Anza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, Naples 80137, Italy.
| | - Angelo Coletta
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Specie Bufalina-ANASB, Caserta 81100, Italy.
| | - Luigi Zicarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, Naples 80137, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Peretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, Naples 80137, Italy.
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