1
|
Koc D, Ibis K, Besarat P, Banoglu E, Kiris E. Tirbanibulin (KX2-391) analog KX2-361 inhibits botulinum neurotoxin serotype A mediated SNAP-25 cleavage in pre- and post-intoxication models in cells. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22248. [PMID: 39166850 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) inhibit neuroexocytosis, leading to the potentially lethal disease botulism. BoNT serotype A is responsible for most human botulism cases, and there are no approved therapeutics to treat already intoxicated patients. A growing body of research has demonstrated that BoNT/A can escape into the central nervous system, and therefore, identification of BoNT/A inhibitors that can penetrate BBB and neutralize the toxin within intoxicated neurons would be important. We previously identified an FDA-approved, orally bioavailable compound, KX2-391 (Tirbanibulin) that inhibits BoNT/A in motor neuron assays. Recently, a structural analog of KX2-391, KX2-361, has been shown to exhibit good oral bioavailability and cross BBB with high efficiency in mouse experiments. Therefore, in this work, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of KX2-361 against BoNT/A. Toward this goal, we first evaluated the compound for its effects on cell viability in PC12 cells, via MTT assay, and in mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-derived motor neurons, with imaging-based assays. Following, we tested KX2-361 in mESC-derived motor neurons intoxicated with BoNT/A holotoxin, and the compound exhibited activity against the toxin in both pre- and post-intoxication conditions. Excitingly, KX2-361 also inhibited BoNT/A enzymatic component (light chain; LC) in PC12 cells transfected with BoNT/A LC. Furthermore, our molecular docking analyses suggested that KX2-361 can directly bind to BoNT/A LC. Medicinal chemistry approaches to develop structural analogs of KX2-361 to increase its efficacy against BoNT/A may provide a critical lead compound with BBB penetration capacity for drug development efforts against BoNT/A intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Koc
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Kubra Ibis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Peri Besarat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Erden Banoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Erkan Kiris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models for Studying Sex-Specific Differences in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1387:57-88. [PMID: 34921676 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is steadily increasing worldwide, and epidemiological studies strongly suggest that many of the diseases are sex-biased. It has long been suggested that biological sex differences are crucial for neurodegenerative diseases; however, how biological sex affects disease initiation, progression, and severity is not well-understood. Sex is a critical biological variable that should be taken into account in basic research, and this review aims to highlight the utility of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived models for studying sex-specific differences in neurodegenerative diseases, with advantages and limitations. In vitro systems utilizing species-specific, renewable, and physiologically relevant cell sources can provide powerful platforms for mechanistic studies, toxicity testings, and drug discovery. Matched healthy, patient-derived, and gene-corrected human iPSCs, from both sexes, can be utilized to generate neuronal and glial cell types affected by specific neurodegenerative diseases to study sex-specific differences in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) human culture systems. Such relatively simple and well-controlled systems can significantly contribute to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying sex-specific differences, which can yield effective, and potentially sex-based strategies, against neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sen E, Kota KP, Panchal RG, Bavari S, Kiris E. Screening of a Focused Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway Inhibitor Library Identifies Small Molecules as Novel Modulators of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:763950. [PMID: 34646144 PMCID: PMC8503599 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.763950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are known as the most potent bacterial toxins, which can cause potentially deadly disease botulism. BoNT Serotype A (BoNT/A) is the most studied serotype as it is responsible for most human botulism cases, and its formulations are extensively utilized in clinics for therapeutic and cosmetic applications. BoNT/A has the longest-lasting effect in neurons compared to other serotypes, and there has been high interest in understanding how BoNT/A manages to escape protein degradation machinery in neurons for months. Recent work demonstrated that an E3 ligase, HECTD2, leads to efficient ubiquitination of the BoNT/A Light Chain (A/LC); however, the dominant activity of a deubiquitinase (DUB), VCIP135, inhibits the degradation of the enzymatic component. Another DUB, USP9X, was also identified as a potential indirect contributor to A/LC degradation. In this study, we screened a focused ubiquitin-proteasome pathway inhibitor library, including VCIP135 and USP9X inhibitors, and identified ten potential lead compounds affecting BoNT/A mediated SNAP-25 cleavage in neurons in pre-intoxication conditions. We then tested the dose-dependent effects of the compounds and their potential toxic effects in cells. A subset of the lead compounds demonstrated efficacy on the stability and ubiquitination of A/LC in cells. Three of the compounds, WP1130 (degrasyn), PR-619, and Celastrol, further demonstrated efficacy against BoNT/A holotoxin in an in vitro post-intoxication model. Excitingly, PR-619 and WP1130 are known inhibitors of VCIP135 and USP9X, respectively. Modulation of BoNT turnover in cells by small molecules can potentially lead to the development of effective countermeasures against botulism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edanur Sen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Krishna P. Kota
- Therapeutic Discovery Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Rekha G. Panchal
- Therapeutic Discovery Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Sina Bavari
- Edge BioInnovation and Healion Bio, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Erkan Kiris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Konstantinović J, Kiris E, Kota KP, Kugelman-Tonos J, Videnović M, Cazares LH, Terzić Jovanović N, Verbić TŽ, Andjelković B, Duplantier AJ, Bavari S, Šolaja BA. New Steroidal 4-Aminoquinolines Antagonize Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Motor Neurons in Postintoxication Model. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1595-1608. [PMID: 29385334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and inhibitory potencies against botulinum neurotoxin serotype A light chain (BoNT/A LC) using in vitro HPLC based enzymatic assay for various steroidal, benzothiophene, thiophene, and adamantane 4-aminoquinoline derivatives are described. In addition, the compounds were evaluated for the activity against BoNT/A holotoxin in mouse embryonic stem cell derived motor neurons. Steroidal derivative 16 showed remarkable protection (up to 89% of uncleaved SNAP-25) even when administered 30 min postintoxication. This appears to be the first example of LC inhibitors antagonizing BoNT intoxication in mouse embryonic stem cell derived motor neurons (mES-MNs) in a postexposure model. Oral administration of 16 was well tolerated in the mouse up to 600 mg/kg, q.d. Although adequate unbound drug levels were not achieved at this dose, the favorable in vitro ADMET results strongly support further work in this series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Konstantinović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Erkan Kiris
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute , Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Krishna P Kota
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Johanny Kugelman-Tonos
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Milica Videnović
- Faculty of Chemistry Innovative Centre , Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lisa H Cazares
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Nataša Terzić Jovanović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology, and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade , Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ž Verbić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boban Andjelković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Allen J Duplantier
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Sina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Bogdan A Šolaja
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts , Knez Mihailova 35, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pirazzini M, Rossetto O. Challenges in searching for therapeutics against Botulinum Neurotoxins. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:497-510. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1303476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
6
|
Bremer PT, Adler M, Phung CH, Singh AK, Janda KD. Newly Designed Quinolinol Inhibitors Mitigate the Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin A in Enzymatic, Cell-Based, and ex Vivo Assays. J Med Chem 2017; 60:338-348. [PMID: 27966961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is one of the most deadly toxins and is the etiological agent of the potentially fatal condition, botulism. Herein, we investigated 8-hydroxyquinoline (quinolin-8-ol) as a potential inhibitor scaffold for preventing the deadly neurochemical effects of the toxin. Quinolinols are known chelators that can disrupt the BoNT/A metalloprotease zinc-containing active site, thus impeding its proteolysis of the endogenous protein substrate, synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25). By use of this information, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the quinolinol-5-sulfonamide scaffold was explored through preparation of a crude sulfonamide library and evaluation of the library in a BoNT/A LC enzymatic assay. Potency optimization of the sulfonamide hit compounds was undertaken as informed by docking studies, granting a lead compound with a submicromolar Ki. These quinolinol analogues demonstrated inhibitory activity in a cell-based model for SNAP-25 cleavage and an ex vivo assay for BoNT/A-mediated muscle paralysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Bremer
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael Adler
- Neurobehavioral Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense , 2900 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5400, United States
| | - Cecilia H Phung
- Neurobehavioral Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense , 2900 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5400, United States
| | - Ajay K Singh
- Neurobehavioral Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense , 2900 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5400, United States
| | - Kim D Janda
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ambrose EA. Botulinum Neurotoxin, Tetanus Toxin, and Anthrax Lethal Factor Countermeasures. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2016_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|