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Castro-Gutiérrez J, Madera-Santana S, Rodríguez-García C, Domínguez-Bustos ÁR, Sarmiento-Carbajal J, Gonçalves-Neto JB, Cabrera-Castro R. Exploring morphometric frontiers: A comprehensive study of otolith growth patterns in brown comber Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:1374-1381. [PMID: 37641164 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Otoliths are widely employed in marine sciences to gain insights into fish growth, age, migrations, and population structure. This study investigates the relationships between morphometric measurements, otolith characteristics, and length size patterns in the brown comber (Serranus hepatus) from the Gulf of Cádiz, a species discarded in artisanal trawl fisheries. Our findings reveal significant changes in otolith shape indices as fish grow, with symmetry observed between left and right otolith measurements. Otolith size is found to be related to fish size, supporting its use in estimating body length at different life stages. Otolith shape analysis has potential applications in stock identification, detecting catch misreporting, and studying marine predator diets. Combining otolith shape analysis with other data types can clarify relationships among taxa and inform spatial management strategies, contributing to the long-term sustainability of fish populations and the assessment of the impact of management strategies on fish size and growth. This study enhances our understanding of the broader implications of morphometric and otolith analyses in fisheries research and supports the development of more sustainable fisheries management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Castro-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus Río San Pedro, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Campus El Carmen, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Sara Madera-Santana
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus Río San Pedro, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-García
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus Río San Pedro, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Ángel Rafael Domínguez-Bustos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus Río San Pedro, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Jésica Sarmiento-Carbajal
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus Río San Pedro, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Puerto Real, Spain
| | - José Belquior Gonçalves-Neto
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus Río San Pedro, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Marine Vertebrate Evolution and Conservation Lab-EvolVe, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 909, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Remedios Cabrera-Castro
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus Río San Pedro, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Puerto Real, Spain
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Neves J, Veríssimo A, Múrias Santos A, Garrido S. Comparing otolith shape descriptors for population structure inferences in a small pelagic fish, the European sardine Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:1219-1236. [PMID: 36880257 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Otolith shape analysis has been one of the most used approaches to study population structure in the past decades. Currently, two sets of shape descriptors are used to perform otolith shape analysis, namely, Elliptic Fourier descriptor (EFd), which focuses on the overall otolith shape differences, and Discrete Wavelet descriptor (DWd), which is sensible to local differences along the otolith contour. Here, the authors conducted a comparative analysis of the performance of both the descriptors in reconstructing the population structure and connectivity patterns in a small pelagic fish species with a wide geographical distribution and fast growth rate, the European sardine Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792), for the first time. A combination of each otolith shape descriptor and shape indices was explored using multivariate statistical methods. The two otolith shape descriptors showed similar, although limited, overall classification success associated with the population dynamic characteristics of the species. Both descriptors point to migration among adjacent areas, such as northern Atlantic locations, eastern Mediterranean and even across well-defined physical obstacles, such as the Strait of Gibraltar, among Atlantic and western Mediterranean locations. Both descriptors supported the division of the populations of Mediterranean waters into three main groups but slightly differed in the group limits of the Atlantic waters. A comparison of the present results with those from previous otolith shape analysis studies using EFd on a decadal time scale revealed differences in the population structure and connectivity patterns compared to the earlier period. These differences not only may be attributed to changes in environmental variables leading to changes in population dynamics but can also be the result of the sardine biomass sharp decrease that occurred in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Neves
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIBIO - Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Vairão, Portugal
- Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Veríssimo
- CIBIO - Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Vairão, Portugal
| | - António Múrias Santos
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIBIO - Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Susana Garrido
- Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Khan U, Bal H, Battal ZS, Seyhan K. Using otolith and body shape to discriminate between stocks of European anchovy (Engraulidae: Engraulis encrasicolus) from the Aegean, Marmara and Black Seas. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:1452-1465. [PMID: 36097416 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
European anchovy, a small pelagic fish, plays a significant role in the blue economy, with remarkable commercial, ecological and culinary values. In this study, the variability in the shapes of the body and sagitta otoliths was examined to identify the different anchovy stocks in the Black Sea (26.5°E-39.9°E, 38.7° N-42.1°N) and adjacent regions, i.e., the Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Sea. The body shape was assessed with geometric morphometrics, while shape indices and elliptic Fourier analysis were used to evaluate the shape of the sagitta otoliths. The data were analysed using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance, discriminant function and principal component analysis. The anchovy population could be divided into five distinct stocks based on body shape, with an overall leave-one-out cross-validated correct classification of 85.6%. The geometric morphometrics revealed significant differences in body depth, snout, lower jaw and caudal fin. The differences in sagitta otolith shape also revealed the existence of four distinct stocks with an overall leave-one-out cross-validated correct classification of 46.5%-69.3%. The elliptic Fourier analysis revealed two main stocks of anchovy from the Black Sea as the Eastern-Middle Black Sea stock and the Western Black Sea stock. Based on the elliptic Fourier analysis, the differences in the sagitta otoliths increase in magnitude with increasing geographic separation, first manifested at the otolith anterior notch, followed by changes in the otolith width. The findings affirmed the existence of distinct stocks that should have important implications for effective management of this pelagic fish in the Black Sea and adjacent regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Khan
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Habib Bal
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erdek Directorate of District Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Fisheries, Erdek, Türkiye
| | | | - Kadir Seyhan
- Department of Maritime Business Administration, Faculty of Marine Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye
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Kongsstovu SÍ, Mikalsen SO, Homrum EÍ, Jacobsen JA, Als TD, Gislason H, Flicek P, Nielsen EE, Dahl HA. Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus) population structure in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. FISHERIES RESEARCH 2022; 249:106231. [PMID: 36798657 PMCID: PMC7614180 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2022.106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Atlantic herring Clupea harengus L has a vast geographical distribution and a complex population structure with a few very large migratory units and many small local populations. Each population has its own spawning ground and/or time, thereby maintaining their genetic integrity. Several herring populations migrate between common feeding grounds and over-wintering areas resulting in frequent mixing of populations. Thus, many herring fisheries are based on mixed populations of different demographic status. In order to avoid over-exploitation of weak populations and to conserve biodiversity, understanding the population structure and population mixing is important for maintaining biologically sustainable herring fisheries. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic population structure of herring in the Faroese and surrounding waters, and to develop genetic markers for distinguishing between four herring management units (often called stocks), namely the Norwegian spring-spawning herring (NSSH), Icelandic summer-spawning herring (ISSH), North Sea autumn-spawning herring (NSAH), and Faroese autumn-spawning herring (FASH). Herring from the four stocks were sequenced at low coverage, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were called and used for population structure analysis and individual assignment. An ancestry-informative SNP panel with 118 SNPs was developed and tested on 240 individuals. The results showed that all four stocks appeared to be genetically differentiated populations, but at lower levels of differentiation between FASH and ISSH than the other two populations. Overall assignment rate with the SNP panel was 80.7%, and agreement between the genetic and traditional visual assignment was 75.5%. The NSAH and NSSH samples had the highest assignment rate (100% and 98.3%, respectively) and highest agreement between traditional and genetic assignment methods (96.6% and 94.9%, respectively). The FASH and ISSH samples had substantially lower assignment rates (72.9% and 51.7%, respectively) and agreement between traditional and genetic methods (39.5% and 48.4%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunnvør í Kongsstovu
- Amplexa Genetics A/S, Hoyvíksvegur 51, FO-100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- University of the Faroe Islands, Faculty of Science and Technology, Vestara Bryggja 15, FO-100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Svein-Ole Mikalsen
- University of the Faroe Islands, Faculty of Science and Technology, Vestara Bryggja 15, FO-100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Eydna í Homrum
- Faroe Marine Research Institute, Nóatún 1, FO-100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Jan Arge Jacobsen
- Faroe Marine Research Institute, Nóatún 1, FO-100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Thomas D. Als
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hannes Gislason
- University of the Faroe Islands, Faculty of Science and Technology, Vestara Bryggja 15, FO-100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Einar Eg Nielsen
- DTU Aqua – National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Atli Dahl
- Amplexa Genetics A/S, Hoyvíksvegur 51, FO-100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
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Congruent geographic variation in saccular otolith shape across multiple species of African cichlids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12820. [PMID: 32733082 PMCID: PMC7393159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The otoliths of teleost fishes exhibit a great deal of inter- and intra-species shape variation. The ecomorphology of the saccular otolith is often studied by comparing its shape across species and populations inhabiting a range of environments. However, formal tests are often lacking to examine how closely variation in otolith shape follows the genetic drift of a neutral trait. Here, we examine patterns of saccular otolith shape variation in four species of African cichlid fishes, each sampled from three field sites. All four species showed the greatest level of otolith shape variation along two principal component axes, one pertaining to otolith height and another to the prominence of an anterior notch. Fish collected from the same site possessed similarities in saccular otolith shape relative to fish from other sites, and these ‘site-difference’ signatures were consistent across species and observable in both sexes. Sex-differences in saccular otolith shape differed in magnitude from site to site. Population differences in saccular otolith shape did not covary with neutral genetic differentiation between those populations. Otolith height, in particular, displayed large site similarities across species, weak correlation with neutral genetic variation, and strong sex differences, collectively suggesting that otolith shape represents a selectively non-neutral trait.
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Vaux F, Rasmuson LK, Kautzi LA, Rankin PS, Blume MTO, Lawrence KA, Bohn S, O'Malley KG. Sex matters: Otolith shape and genomic variation in deacon rockfish ( Sebastes diaconus). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13153-13173. [PMID: 31871636 PMCID: PMC6912905 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about intraspecific variation within the deacon rockfish (Sebastes diaconus), a recently described species found in the northeast Pacific Ocean. We investigated population structure among fish sampled from two nearshore reefs (Siletz Reef and Seal Rock) and one offshore site (Stonewall Bank) within a <50-km2 area off the Oregon coast. Fish from the three sample sites exhibited small but statistically significant differences based on genetic variation at >15,000 neutral loci, whether analyzed independently or classified into nearshore and offshore groups. Male and females were readily distinguished using genetic data and 92 outlier loci were associated with sex, potentially indicating differential selection between males and females. Morphometric results indicated that there was significant secondary sexual dimorphism in otolith shape, but further sampling is required to disentangle potential confounding influence of age. This study is the first step toward understanding intraspecific variation within the deacon rockfish and the potential management implications. Since differentiation among the three sample sites was small, we consider the results to be suggestive of a single stock. However, future studies should evaluate how the stock is affected by differences in sex, age, and gene flow between the nearshore and offshore environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Vaux
- State Fisheries Genomics LabCoastal Oregon Marine Experiment StationDepartment of Fisheries and WildlifeHatfield Marine Science CenterOregon State UniversityNewportORUSA
| | - Leif K. Rasmuson
- Marine Resources ProgramOregon Department of Fish and WildlifeNewportORUSA
| | - Lisa A. Kautzi
- Marine Resources ProgramOregon Department of Fish and WildlifeNewportORUSA
| | - Polly S. Rankin
- Marine Resources ProgramOregon Department of Fish and WildlifeNewportORUSA
| | | | - Kelly A. Lawrence
- Marine Resources ProgramOregon Department of Fish and WildlifeNewportORUSA
| | - Sandra Bohn
- State Fisheries Genomics LabCoastal Oregon Marine Experiment StationDepartment of Fisheries and WildlifeHatfield Marine Science CenterOregon State UniversityNewportORUSA
| | - Kathleen G. O'Malley
- State Fisheries Genomics LabCoastal Oregon Marine Experiment StationDepartment of Fisheries and WildlifeHatfield Marine Science CenterOregon State UniversityNewportORUSA
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Berg F, Almeland OW, Skadal J, Slotte A, Andersson L, Folkvord A. Genetic factors have a major effect on growth, number of vertebrae and otolith shape in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190995. [PMID: 29324892 PMCID: PMC5764352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, have complex population structures. Mixing of populations is known, but the extent of connectivity is still unclear. Phenotypic plasticity results in divergent phenotypes in response to environmental factors. A marked salinity gradient occurs from Atlantic Ocean (salinity 35) into the Baltic Sea (salinity range 2-12). Herring from both habitats display phenotypic and genetic variability. To explore how genetic factors and salinity influence phenotypic traits like growth, number of vertebrae and otolith shape an experimental population consisting of Atlantic purebreds and Atlantic/Baltic F1 hybrids were incubated and co-reared at two different salinities, 16 and 35, for three years. The F1-generation was repeatedly sampled to evaluate temporal variation. A von Bertalanffy growth model indicated that reared Atlantic purebreds had a higher maximum length (26.2 cm) than Atlantic/Baltic hybrids (24.8 cm) at salinity 35, but not at salinity 16 (25.0 and 24.8 cm, respectively). In contrast, Atlantic/Baltic hybrids achieved larger size-at-age than the wild caught Baltic parental group. Mean vertebral counts and otolith aspect ratios were higher for reared Atlantic purebreds than Atlantic/Baltic hybrids, consistent with the differences between parental groups. There were no significant differences in vertebral counts and otolith aspect ratios between herring with the same genotype but raised in different salinities. A Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates was applied to analyze the variation in wavelet coefficients that described otolith shape. The first discriminating axis identified the differences between Atlantic purebreds and Atlantic/Baltic hybrids, while the second axis represented salinity differences. Assigning otoliths based on genetic groups (Atlantic purebreds vs. Atlantic/Baltic hybrids) yielded higher classification success (~90%) than based on salinities (16 vs. 35; ~60%). Our results demonstrate that otolith shape and vertebral counts have a significant genetic component and are therefore useful for studies on population dynamics and connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Berg
- University of Bergen, Department of Biology, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Julie Skadal
- University of Bergen, Department of Biology, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aril Slotte
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - Leif Andersson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arild Folkvord
- University of Bergen, Department of Biology, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
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Berg F, Slotte A, Johannessen A, Kvamme C, Clausen LW, Nash RDM. Comparative biology and population mixing among local, coastal and offshore Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat and western Baltic. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187374. [PMID: 29084258 PMCID: PMC5662228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The population structure of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) from 13 local, coastal and offshore areas of the North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat and western Baltic (northeast Atlantic) was studied using biological and environmental data from 1970–2015. The objective was to identify distinct populations by comparing variability in the temporal and spatial phenotypic characteristics and evaluate the potential for mixing of populations in time and space. The populations varied in biological characteristics such as mean vertebral counts (VS), growth and maturity ogives. Generalized additive models indicated temporally stable VS in the North Sea and western Baltic, whereas intra-annual temporal variation of VS occurred in other areas. High variability of VS within a population was not affected by environmental factors such as temperature and salinity. Consequently, seasonal VS variability can be explained by the presence or absence of herring populations as they migrate between areas. The three main populations identified in this paper correspond to the three managed stocks in this area: Norwegian spring spawners (NSS), western Baltic spring spawners (WBSS) and North Sea autumn spawners (NSAS). In addition, several local populations were identified in fjords or lakes along the coast, but our analyses could not detect direct mixing of local populations with the three main populations. Our results highlight the importance of recognizing herring dynamics and understanding the mixing of populations as a challenge for management of herring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Berg
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
- University of Bergen, Department of Biology, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Aril Slotte
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Cecilie Kvamme
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lotte Worsøe Clausen
- International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, H. C. Andersens Boulevard, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rodgveller CJ, Hutchinson CE, Harris JP, Vulstek SC, Guthrie CM. Otolith shape variability and associated body growth differences in giant grenadier, Albatrossia pectoralis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180020. [PMID: 28658326 PMCID: PMC5489205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish stocks can be defined by differences in their distribution, life history, and genetics. Managing fish based on stock structure is integral to successful management of a species because fishing may affect stocks disproportionately. Genetic and environmental differences can affect the shape and growth of otoliths and these differences may be indicative of stock structure. To investigate the potential for speciation or stock structure in giant grenadier, Albatrossia pectoralis, we quantified the shape of female giant grenadier otoliths and compared body growth rates for fish with three otolith shapes; shape types were classified visually by an experienced giant grenadier age reader, and were not defined by known distribution or life history differences. We found extreme variation in otolith shape among individuals; however, the shapes were a gradation and not clearly defined into three groups. The two more extreme shapes, visually defined as “hatchet” and “comb”, were discernable based on principal component analyses of elliptical Fourier descriptors, and the “mixed” shape overlapped both of the extreme shapes. Fish with hatchet-shaped otoliths grew faster than fish with comb-shaped otoliths. A genetic test (cytochrome c oxidase 1 used by the Fish Barcode of Life Initiative) showed almost no variability among samples, indicating that the samples were all from one species. The lack of young specimens makes it difficult to link otolith shape and growth difference to life history. In addition, shape could not be correlated with adult movement patterns because giant grenadiers experience 100% mortality after capture and, therefore, cannot be tagged and released. Despite these limitations, the link between body growth and otolith shape indicates measurable differences that deserve more study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara J. Rodgveller
- Auke Bay Laboratories, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles E. Hutchinson
- Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeremy P. Harris
- Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Scott C. Vulstek
- Auke Bay Laboratories, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Guthrie
- Auke Bay Laboratories, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
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Otolith variation in Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) reflects mitogenomic variation rather than the subspecies classification. Polar Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Correction: Latitudinal Gradient in Otolith Shape among Local Populations of Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus L.) in Norway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145900. [PMID: 26698572 PMCID: PMC4689575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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