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Niu K. Reexamining the Evidence for the Original Identity of Yuan: a Reply to Fan et al. (2022). INT J PRIMATOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-022-00340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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2
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Ji X, Harrison T, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhang C, Hu J, Wu D, Hou Y, Li S, Wang G, Wang Z. The earliest hylobatid from the Late Miocene of China. J Hum Evol 2022; 171:103251. [PMID: 36113226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Yuanmoupithecus xiaoyuan, a small catarrhine from the Late Miocene of Yunnan in southern China, was initially suggested to be related to Miocene proconsuloids or dendropithecoids from East Africa, but subsequent reports indicated that it might be more closely related to hylobatids. Here, detailed comparisons of the material, including seven newly discovered teeth and a partial lower face of a juvenile individual, provide crucial evidence to help establish its phylogenetic relationships. Yuanmoupithecus exhibits a suite of synapomorphies that support a close phylogenetic relationship with extant hylobatids. Furthermore, based on the retention of several primitive features of the dentition, Yuanmoupithecus can be shown to be the sister taxon of crown hylobatids. The contention that Kapi ramnagarensis from the Middle Miocene of India might represent an earlier species of hylobatid is not supported here. Instead, Kapi is inferred to be a specialized pliopithecoid more closely related to Krishnapithecus krishnaii from the Late Miocene of India. Currently then, Yuanmoupithecus represents the earliest known definitively identified hylobatid and the only member of the clade predating the Pleistocene. It extends the fossil record of hylobatids back to 7-8 Ma and fills a critical gap in the evolutionary history of hominoids that has up until now remained elusive. Even so, molecular estimates of a divergence date of hylobatids from other hominoids at about 17-22 Ma signifies that there is still a substantial gap in the fossil record of more than 10 million years that needs to be filled in order to document the biogeographic origins and early evolution of hylobatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Ji
- Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Department of Paleoanthropology, Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Terry Harrison
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Paleoanthropology, Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Kunming, 650118, China; School of History, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Dongdong Wu
- Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yemao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Song Li
- Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Guofu Wang
- Chuxiong Prefectural Museum, Chuxiong, 657000, China
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3
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Pugh KD. Phylogenetic analysis of Middle-Late Miocene apes. J Hum Evol 2022; 165:103140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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4
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Gilbert CC, Ortiz A, Pugh KD, Campisano CJ, Patel BA, Singh NP, Fleagle JG, Patnaik R. New Middle Miocene Ape (Primates: Hylobatidae) from Ramnagar, India fills major gaps in the hominoid fossil record. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201655. [PMID: 32900315 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fossil record of 'lesser apes' (i.e. hylobatids = gibbons and siamangs) is virtually non-existent before the latest Miocene of East Asia. However, molecular data strongly and consistently suggest that hylobatids should be present by approximately 20 Ma; thus, there are large temporal, geographical, and morphological gaps between early fossil apes in Africa and the earliest fossil hylobatids in China. Here, we describe a new approximately 12.5-13.8 Ma fossil ape from the Lower Siwaliks of Ramnagar, India, that fills in these long-standing gaps with implications for hylobatid origins. This ape represents the first new hominoid species discovered at Ramnagar in nearly a century, the first new Siwalik ape taxon in more than 30 years, and likely extends the hylobatid fossil record by approximately 5 Myr, providing a minimum age for hylobatid dispersal coeval to that of great apes. The presence of crown hylobatid molar features in the new species indicates an adaptive shift to a more frugivorous diet during the Middle Miocene, consistent with other proposed adaptations to frugivory (e.g. uricase gene silencing) during this time period as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Gilbert
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.,PhD Program in Anthropology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Alejandra Ortiz
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.,Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Kelsey D Pugh
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Christopher J Campisano
- Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Biren A Patel
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - John G Fleagle
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Rajeev Patnaik
- Department of Geology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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5
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ORTIZ ALEJANDRA, ZHANG YINGQI, JIN CHANGZHU, WANG YUAN, ZHU MIN, YAN YALING, KIMOCK CLARE, VILLAMIL CATALINAI, HE KAI, HARRISON TERRY. Morphometric analysis of fossil hylobatid molars from the Pleistocene of southern China. ANTHROPOL SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.190331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ALEJANDRA ORTIZ
- Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe
| | - YINGQI ZHANG
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing
| | - CHANGZHU JIN
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing
| | - YUAN WANG
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing
| | - MIN ZHU
- School of History, Beijing Normal University, Beijing
| | - YALING YAN
- The Geoscience Museum, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang
| | - CLARE KIMOCK
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York
| | | | - KAI HE
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - TERRY HARRISON
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York
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6
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Turvey ST, Bruun K, Ortiz A, Hansford J, Hu S, Ding Y, Zhang T, Chatterjee HJ. New genus of extinct Holocene gibbon associated with humans in Imperial China. Science 2018; 360:1346-1349. [PMID: 29930136 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao4903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although all extant apes are threatened with extinction, there is no evidence for human-caused extinctions of apes or other primates in postglacial continental ecosystems, despite intensive anthropogenic pressures associated with biodiversity loss for millennia in many regions. Here, we report a new, globally extinct genus and species of gibbon, Junzi imperialis, described from a partial cranium and mandible from a ~2200- to 2300-year-old tomb from Shaanxi, China. Junzi can be differentiated from extant hylobatid genera and the extinct Quaternary gibbon Bunopithecus by using univariate and multivariate analyses of craniodental morphometric data. Primates are poorly represented in the Chinese Quaternary fossil record, but historical accounts suggest that China may have contained an endemic ape radiation that has only recently disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Turvey
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.
| | - Kristoffer Bruun
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alejandra Ortiz
- Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - James Hansford
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.,Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Songmei Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Tianen Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Helen J Chatterjee
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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7
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Fan PF, He K, Chen X, Ortiz A, Zhang B, Zhao C, Li YQ, Zhang HB, Kimock C, Wang WZ, Groves C, Turvey ST, Roos C, Helgen KM, Jiang XL. Description of a new species of Hoolock
gibbon (Primates: Hylobatidae) based on integrative taxonomy. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Fan
- School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research; Dali University; Dali China
| | - Kai He
- Kunming Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming China
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology; National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, D.C
- The Kyoto University Museum; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Xing Chen
- Kunming Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming China
| | - Alejandra Ortiz
- Department of Anthropology; Center for the Study of Human Origins; New York University; New York
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP); New York
- Institute of Human Origins; School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona
| | - Bin Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Cloud Mountain Conservation; Dali China
| | | | | | - Clare Kimock
- Department of Anthropology; Center for the Study of Human Origins; New York University; New York
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP); New York
| | - Wen-Zhi Wang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming China
| | - Colin Groves
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology; Australian National University; Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | | | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory; German Primate Center; Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Göttingen Germany
| | - Kristofer M. Helgen
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology; National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, D.C
| | - Xue-Long Jiang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming China
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8
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Harrison T. The Fossil Record and Evolutionary History of Hylobatids. DEVELOPMENTS IN PRIMATOLOGY: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-5614-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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