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Syrjänen S, Syrjänen K. HPV-Associated Benign Squamous Cell Papillomas in the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract and Their Malignant Potential. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081624. [PMID: 34452488 PMCID: PMC8402864 DOI: 10.3390/v13081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell papilloma (SCP) in the upper aero-digestive tract is a rare disease entity with bimodal age presentation both at childhood and in adults. It originates from stratified squamous and/or respiratory epithelium. Traditionally, SCPs have been linked to chemical or mechanical irritation but, since the 1980s, they have also been associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Approximately 30% of the head and neck SCPs are associated with HPV infection, with this association being highest for laryngeal papillomas (76–94%), followed by oral (27–48%), sinonasal (25–40%), and oropharyngeal papillomas (6–7%). There is, however, a wide variation in HPV prevalence, the highest being in esophageal SCPs (11–57%). HPV6 and HPV11 are the two main HPV genotypes present, but these are also high-risk HPVs as they are infrequently detected. Some 20% of the oral and oropharyngeal papillomas also contain cutaneous HPV genotypes. Despite their benign morphology, some SCPs tend to recur and even undergo malignant transformation. The highest malignant potential is associated with sinonasal inverted papillomas (7–11%). This review discusses the evidence regarding HPV etiology of benign SCPs in the upper aero-digestive tract and their HPV-related malignant transformation. In addition, studies on HPV exposure at an early age are discussed, as are the animal models shedding light on HPV transmission, viral latency, and its reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Kari Syrjänen
- Department of Clinical Research, Biohit Oyj, 00880 Helsinki, Finland;
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Sichero L, Ferreira S, López RVM, Mello BP, Costa V, El-Achkar VNR, Carlos R, Ribeiro-Silva A, Pignatari S, Kaminagakura E, Villa LL. Prevalence of human papillomavirus 6 and 11 variants in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3835-3840. [PMID: 32910471 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 are the etiological agents of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). We examined the prevalence and distribution of HPVs 6 and 11 genetic variants in juvenile onset (JORRP) and adult onset (AORRP) laryngeal papillomas. Cases of JORRP and AORRP were collected, retrospectively. HPV detection and genotyping were accessed by polymerase chain reaction-sequencing in 67 RRP samples. Overall, the most prevalent HPV-6 variants were from B1 (55.8%) and B3 (27.9%) sublineages, whereas among HPV-11 positive samples A2 (62.5%) variants were predominant. A higher prevalence of HPV-6 B1 was observed in JORRP (83.3% B1 and 16.7% B3), compared with AORRP cases (58.3% B1 and 41.7% B3). HPV-11 A2 variants were more prevalent both in JORRP (57.2%) and in AORRP cases (70.0%). Nevertheless, with the exception that HPV-6 B1 were significantly less likely to recur, there was a lack of association between any particular HPVs 6 or 11 variant and clinicopathological features. Our data do not support an association between HPVs 6 and 11 variability and RRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sichero
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvaneide Ferreira
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rossana V M López
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara P Mello
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Costa
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian N R El-Achkar
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Román Carlos
- Centro Clínico de Cabeza y Cuello, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Alfredo Ribeiro-Silva
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao, Preto, Brazil
| | - Shirley Pignatari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estela Kaminagakura
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luisa L Villa
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Comparative analysis of human papillomavirus type 6 complete genomes originated from head and neck and anogenital disorders. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 71:140-150. [PMID: 30905772 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that fundamental differences exist between high-risk and low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes regarding interactions with the host. This study aims to join the recently emerging efforts to uncover these differences at the complete genome level and to study how they may influence the disease caused. Sixteen samples of thirteen patients with various HPV6-mediated benign mucosal disorders (nine recurrent respiratory papillomatoses with 2-8 recurrences, one condyloma acuminatum and three premalignant lesions of the genital mucosa) were sampled to determine the complete virus genomes. We collected the 197 HPV6 complete genomes deposited in the GenBank for cluster analysis to determine (sub)lineages. Genome polymorphisms were determined against the reference sequences of the (sub)lineages. Genome polymorphisms of the long control region (LCR) were tested for putative transcription factor binding sites; their functional analysis was performed by transient transfection of cloned whole LCRs into HEp-2 cells using a luciferase reporter system. Genomes from the same patients were always identical. Three, nine and one patients carried HPV6 lineage A, sublineage B1 and B2 variants, respectively. The three lineage A sequences were highly similar to each other, but distinct from the reference genome. A unique non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was found in the E5a open reading frame (ORF). Sublineage B1 genomes were more diverse, exhibited unique non-synonymous SNPs in the LCR and the E2/E4, L1, L2 ORFs. LCR activity of lineage A and sublineage B1 differed significantly; activity of one sublineage B1 LCR exhibiting two unique SNPs was significantly higher than that of other B1 LCR variants, close to the mean of LCR activities of lineage A variants. Different HPV6 lineages showed marked differences in variability patterns of the different genome regions. This may be involved in the differences in their distribution in different diseases or patient populations.
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Yao Y, Yan Z, Dai S, Li C, Yang L, Liu S, Zhang X, Shi L, Yao Y. Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E1 Mutations Associated with Cervical Cancer in a Han Chinese Population. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1042-1049. [PMID: 31341418 PMCID: PMC6643129 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.34279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is a high-risk HPV type and a potent carcinogen. HPV E1 is one of the most highly conserved proteins and it plays a central role in initiating HPV DNA replication. In current study, we enrolled 161 HPV16-positive cervical cancer patients (case group) and 171 HPV16-positive asymptomatic individuals (control group) in a study to analyse the association between HPV16 E1 genetic mutations and cervical cancer. The samples of case group were cervical cancer tissues and the samples of control group were cervical exfoliated cells. Three variants (A4, A1-A3 and D3) were found in the case group, 68.3% of the HPV16 E1 sequences belonged to the A4 (As) sub-lineage, 29.2% belonged to the A1-A3 (EUR) sub-lineage, and 2.5% belonged to the D3 (AA1) sub-lineage. Two variants (A4 and A1-A3) occurred in the control group. The A4 (As) sub-lineage was predominant in this group as well (66.1%), followed by the A1-A3 (EUR) sub-lineage (33.9%), but the D3 (AA1) sub-lineage was not found in the control group. The distribution of the HPV16 variants between the case and control groups was significantly different (P<0.05). When the distribution of the HPV16 E1 gene mutations was compared, the distribution of twenty-seven mutations was significantly different between the case and control groups (P<0.05), and twenty-two mutations occurred only in the D3 (AA1) sub-lineage, two were found only in the A4 (As) sub-lineage, one was found in the A1-A3 (EUR) sub-lineage, two was found in both the A4 (As) and A1-A3 (EUR) sub-lineages. In the sub-lineage analysis, the differences in the T933A (A23A), T1014G (D50E) and G2160A (R432R) mutations were statistically significant between the case and control groups for the A4 (As) sub-lineage (P<0.05), and the differences in the T2232C (F456F), G2337A (M491I) and A2547G (P561P) mutations were statistically significant between the case and control groups for the A1-A3 (EUR) sub-lineage (P<0.05). In the current study, we describe specific mutations in the HPV16 E1 gene associated with cervical cancer, and our study will provide a good reference for further functional studies of the relationship between cervical cancer carcinogenesis and HPV genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Yao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiling Yan
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Shuying Dai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chuanyin Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Longyu Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus infection is associated with the development of malignant and benign neoplasms. Approximately 40 viral types can infect the anogenital mucosa and are categorized into high- and low-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus, depending on their association with the development of cervical carcinoma. High-risk human papillomavirus 16 and 18 are detected in 55% and 15% of all invasive cervical squamous cell carcinomas worldwide, respectively. Low-risk human papillomavirus 6 and 11 are responsible for 90% of genital warts and are also associated with the development of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Human papillomavirus preferentially infects mitotic active cells of the basal layer from both mucosal and cutaneous epithelium through microabrasions. The viral life cycle synchronizes with the epithelial differentiation program, which may be due, in part, to the binding of differentially expressed cellular transcription factors to the long control region throughout the various epithelial layers. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which viral gene expression is regulated and the influence of human papillomavirus heterogeneity upon this phenomenon. A better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms may elucidate the particularities of human papillomavirus-associated pathogenesis and may provide new tools for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Lopes Ribeiro
- Centro de Pesquisa Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Amanda Schiersner Caodaglio
- Centro de Pesquisa Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Laura Sichero
- Centro de Pesquisa Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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Combes JD, Franceschi S. Human papillomavirus genome variants and head and neck cancers: a perspective. Infect Agent Cancer 2018; 13:13. [PMID: 29643933 PMCID: PMC5891965 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-018-0185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause infections that are responsible for diverse clinical manifestations from benign conditions to invasive cancer. As different HPV types are associated with variable pathogenic potential, minor genetic variations within a given high-risk HPV type might also be associated with distinct oncogenic capacities, through variable ability of persistence or risk of progression to precancer/cancer. Most recent HPV variant studies in the cervix using latest sequencing technology confirmed that minor changes in the HPV genome can have a major influence on carcinogenesis and have revealed key data that help better understand the carcinogenicity of HPV at a molecular level. Here we review the limited number of studies on HPV genome variants in head and neck cancers (HNC) and discuss their implications for cancer research in the light of accumulated knowledge for the cervix. Challenges in transposing HPV variant studies from the lower anogenital to the upper aerodigestive tract are also discussed, highlighting the main gaps of knowledge in the field of HPV-induced HNC. Specifically in the head and neck region, the lack of characterisation of precancerous lesions and the difficulty in sampling normal tissue will challenge the development of accurate studies. Although there is so far no indication that HPV variant research in HNC could directly translate into clinical application, such research is expected to be useful to disentangle unanswered questions in the pathogenesis of HNC. Yet, history of HPV variant research suggests that, to be successful, studies will require large international collaborative efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Damien Combes
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Cedex 08 Lyon, France
| | - Silvia Franceschi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, PN Italy
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Flores-Díaz E, Sereday KA, Ferreira S, Sirak B, Sobrinho JS, Baggio ML, Galan L, Silva RC, Lazcano-Ponce E, Giuliano AR, Villa LL, Sichero L. HPV-6 Molecular Variants Association With the Development of Genital Warts in Men: The HIM Study. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:559-565. [PMID: 28011919 PMCID: PMC5388291 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV-6) and HPV-11 are the etiological agents of approximately 90% of genital warts (GWs). The impact of HPV-6 genetic heterogeneity on persistence and progression to GWs remains undetermined. Methods HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study participants who had HPV-6 genital swabs and/or GWs preceded by a viable normal genital swab were analyzed. Variants characterization was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequencing and samples classified within lineages (A, B) and sublineages (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5). Country- and age-specific analyses were conducted for individual variants; odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of GWs according to HPV-6 variants were calculated. Results B3 variants were most prevalent. HPV-6 variants distribution differed between countries and case status. HPV-6 B1 variants prevalence was increased in GWs and genital swabs of cases compared to controls. There was difference in B1 and B3 variants detection in GW and the preceding genital swab. We observed significant association of HPV-6 B1 variants detection with GW development. Conclusions HPV-6 B1 variants are more prevalent in genital swabs that precede GW development, and confer an increased risk for GW. Further research is warranted to understand the possible involvement of B1 variants in the progression to clinically relevant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Flores-Díaz
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen A Sereday
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Silvaneide Ferreira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bradley Sirak
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - João Simão Sobrinho
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Baggio
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lenice Galan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo Branch, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Silva
- Centro de Referência e Treinamento DST/Aids, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Luisa L Villa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Sichero
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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FOXA1 in HPV associated carcinomas: Its expression in carcinomas of the head and neck and of the uterine cervix. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:230-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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