Evaluating the Association of Eight Polymorphisms with Cancer Susceptibility in a Han Chinese Population

Genome Wide Association Studies in Small-Cell Lung Cancer. A Systematic Review

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the deadliest forms of lung cancer, but few information exists regarding the role of genetics, particularly on Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS). The aim of the study is to explore the evidence available obtained through GWAS studies for SCLC using a systematic review. We performed a literature search in the main databases until July 31st, 2023. We included all human based studies on GWAS for lung cancer which presented results for SCLC. Only studies with participants diagnosed of SCLC with anatomopathological confirmation were included. Fourteen studies were identified; 8 studies showed a relationship between ASCL1 overexpression and SCLC, which may regulate CHRNA5/A3/B4 cluster, producing a consequent nAChR overexpression. Nine papers, including 8 of the previous, found a positive association between SNPs located in chromosome 15 and SCLC. The most important cluster of genes found is CHRNA5/A3/B4 but the mechanism for the role of these genes is unclear. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) shows that these receptors were found to be overexpressed where nicotine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) acts, involving different routes in SCLC carcinogenesis.

Gastric dysplasia in random biopsies: the influence of Helicobacter pylori infection and alcohol consumption in the presence of a lesion

BACKGROUND

Gastric dysplasia in the absence of an endoscopically defined lesion is rare, usually either a false positive diagnosis or a previously unidentified precancerous lesion during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).

AIMS

Evaluate factors associated with the presence of an endoscopically visible lesion during follow-up in patients with histologic diagnosis of gastric dysplasia in random biopsies.

METHODS

Retrospective cohort study including patients referred to our institution for gastric dysplasia in random biopsies during Index EGD. Endoscopic evaluation was performed with a high-definition endoscope using narrow band imaging (HD EGD-0). If no lesion was detected, endoscopic surveillance (HD EGD-FU) was conducted within 6 months for high grade dysplasia (HGD) or 12 months for low grade (LGD) or indefinite for dysplasia (IFD).

RESULTS

From a total sample of 96 patients, 5 (5.2%) presented with an endoscopically visible lesion during HD EGD-0, while 10 lesions (10.4%) were identified during HD EGD-FU. Patients with Helicobacter pylori infection at Index EDG and with regular alcohol consumption (≥25 g/day) were 8 and 4 times more likely to have an endoscopically visible lesion on HD EGD-FU (p = 0.012 and p = 0.047). In binary logistic regression, both factors were independent predictors of the presence of gastric lesion on HD EGD-FU (OR 9.284, p = 0.009 and OR 5.025, p = 0.033).

CONCLUSIONS

The presence of an endoscopically visible lesion after the histologic diagnosis of gastric dysplasia in random biopsies was more frequent during HD EGD-FU. H. pylori infection at Index EGD and regular alcohol consumption were significant predictors of the presence of gastric lesion on HD EGD-FU.

Alcohol consumption and risk of stomach cancer: A meta-analysis

Stomach cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. The relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of stomach cancer remains unclear. Epidemiology studies investigating this relationship have shown inconsistent findings. A meta-analysis was performed to explore the association between alcohol consumption and increased stomach cancer risk. Eighty-one epidemiology studies, including 68 case-control studies and 13 cohort studies, were included in this study. A significant association was found between alcohol consumption and increased risk of stomach cancer (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.12-1.27). To explore the source of the significant heterogeneity (p < 0.05, I² = 86%), analysis was stratified by study type (case-control study and cohort study), control type (hospital-based control and population-based control), gender (male, female, and mix), race (White and Asian), region (United States, Sweden, China, Japan), subsite of stomach cancer, and type of alcohol. The stratified analyses found that region and cancer subsite are major sources of the high heterogeneity. The inconsistent results in different regions and different subsites might be related to smoking rates, Helicobacter pylori infection, obesity, and potential genetic susceptibility. The positive association between drinking and increased risk of stomach cancer is consistent in stratified analyses. The dose-response analysis showed a clear trend that a higher daily intake of alcohol is associated with a higher risk of stomach cancer.

Gastric cancer: epidemiology, biology, and prevention: a mini review

Gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The objective of this article is to review the epidemiology and biology of gastric cancer risk. This literature review explores the biological, clinical, and environmental factors that influence the rates of this disease and discuss the different intervention methods that may not only increase the awareness of gastric cancer but also increase screening in efforts to reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori infection is the primary risk factor for gastric cancer. Additional risk factors include geographical location, age, sex, smoking, socioeconomic status, dietary intake, and genetics. Primary and secondary prevention strategies such as dietary modifications and screenings are important measures for reducing the risk of gastric cancer. Interventions, such as H. pylori eradication through chemoprevention trials, have shown some potential as a preventative strategy. Although knowledge about gastric cancer risk has greatly increased, future research is warranted on the differentiation of gastric cancer epidemiology by subsite and exploring the interactions between H. pylori infection, genetics, and environmental factors. Better understanding of these relationships can help researchers determine the most effective intervention strategies for reducing the risk of this disease.

PRKAA1 rs13361707 C/T polymorphism confers decreased susceptibility to esophageal cancer: A case-control study

Background

Several studies probed into the connection between esophageal cancer (EC) risk and PRKAA1 rs13361707 C/T polymorphism, but obtained insignificant findings.

Methods

In this study, 814 EC cases and 961 controls from Eastern China were recruited to validate the relationship between this polymorphism and EC susceptibility.

Results

Data suggested rs13361707 C/T polymorphism in PRKAA1 gene was significantly related with a lower risk for EC. Such significant connection was also uncovered in subgroups of males, smokers, drinkers and individuals with age ≥ 60 years. In addition, this polymorphism was linked with the pathological grading, distant metastasis, and histology of EC.

Conclusion

In summary, PRKAA1 rs13361707 C/T polymorphism is related to the risk and clinical properties of EC patients in East China.

An Association and Meta-Analysis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Associated with PLCE1 rs2274223, C20orf54 rs13042395 and RUNX1 rs2014300 Polymorphisms

One of the highest risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the world has been reported in Iran, which is located in the Asian esophageal cancer belt. ESCC constitutes 90% of the esophageal cancer cases in Iran. Genome wide association studies (GWASs) in Chinese have identified a number of candidate variants, of which PLCE1rs2274223, C20orf54rs13042395 and RUNX1rs2014300 are studied in high risk populations including Chinese, Caucasians and Africans. However, results are inconsistent and it is unknown whether similar associations exist in Iranian population. We evaluated association of three GWAS identified variants with risk of ESCC in an Iranian cohort consisted of 200 ESCC patients and 300 healthy controls and conducted meta-analysis of ESCC risk associated with rs2274223 (involving 9810 cases and 13,128 controls) and rs13042395 (involving 2363 cases and 5329 controls). Logistic regression analysis showed that rs2274223 was associated with ESCC under codominant [GG/AA, 2.47(1.17-5.23), P:0.021], dominant [AG + GG/AA, 1.57(1.09-2.27), P:0.016], recessive [GG/AA+AG, 2.18(1.04-4.56), P:0.036] and log-additive models [1.51(1.12-2.02), P:0.006]. C20orf54 rs13042395 was not associated with ESCC under any genetic model. RUNX1 rs2014300 was associated with risk of ESCC assuming codominant [AG/GG, 0.63(0.41-0.97), P:0.018], dominant [AG + AA/GG, 0.59 (0.39-0.89), P:0.010] and log-additive models [0.61 (0.42-0.87), P: 0.005]. Meta-analysis found significant associations between rs2274223 and ESCC under all analyzed genetic models. However, meta-analysis stratified by ethnicity showed a significant association in Asians but not non-Asian populations. No significant association was found for rs13042395 in meta-analysis. This study provided first evidence for association of GWAS-identified variants with risk of ESCC in an Iranian cohort.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in PLCE1 for Cancer Risk of Different Types: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Recent studies have investigated the relationships between PLCE1 polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility. However, some findings lack consistency.

Objectives: In the current study, we conducted a meta-analysis to more accurately evaluate the relationships between PLCE1 (rs2274223, rs3765524, rs753724, rs11187842, and rs7922612) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and risk for different types of cancer.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive search strategy in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMbase, and Scopus for articles available until 19 March 2018. A total of 54 case-control studies comprising 17,955 cases and 20,400 controls were included in the current meta-analysis, which together comprised a total of 32 publications. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate relationships between the PLCE1 polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 11 software.

Results: Results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that the rs2274223 polymorphism showed a significant correlation with increased overall cancer susceptibility (AG vs. AA: OR 1.168, 95% CI 1.084–1.259; GG vs. AA: OR 1.351, 95% CI 1.163–1.570; AG+GG vs. AA: OR 1.193, 95% CI 1.103–1.290; GG vs. AA+AG: OR 1.262, 95% CI 1.102–1.446; G vs. A: OR 1.163, 95% CI 1.089–1.242). Results of subgroup analysis showed that the rs2274223 polymorphism was associated with higher risk for esophageal cancer and gastric cancer relative to colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer. In addition, the rs2274223 polymorphism was found to be associated with increased cancer risk, especially among the subgroups comprising Asians, studies with population-based controls, studies employing the TaqMan genotyping method, and studies consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The association between the rs3765524 polymorphism and reduced overall cancer risk was detected in one specific genetic model (CT vs. CC: OR 0.681, 95% CI 0.523–0.886). Results of subgroup analysis showed that the rs3765524 polymorphism was associated with cancer risk in a specific genetic model among the subgroups of colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, Asians, studies with population-based controls, and studies consistent with HWE. However, relationships among the PLCE1 rs753724, rs11187842, and rs7922612 polymorphisms and tumor risk were not identified.

Conclusions: Results of the current meta-analysis suggested that PLCE1 (rs2274223, rs3765524) polymorphisms are associated with cancer susceptibility.

Do polymorphisms in protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 gene associated with cancer susceptibility? a meta-analysis and systematic review

Background

Currently, several studies have demonstrated that PRKAA1 polymorphisms conduce to the development of cancer. PRKAA1 gene encodes the AMP-activated protein kinase summit-α1, and plays an important role in cell metabolism. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all enrolled eligible case-control studies to obtain a precise correlation between PRKAA1 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility.

Methods

Extensive retrieve was performed in Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, EMbase, CNKI and Wanfang databases up to August 26, 2018. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were performed to evaluate the overall strength of the associations in five models, as well as in subgroup analyses, stratified by ethnicity, cancer type or source of control. Q-test, Egger’s test and Begg’s funnel plot were applied to evaluate the heterogeneity and publication bias. In-silico analysis was performed to demonstrate the relationship of PRKAA1 expression correlated with cancer tissues and survival time.

Results

Twenty-two case-control studies from 14 publications were enrolled, with 17,068 cases and 20,871 controls for rs13361707, and 2514 cases and 3193 controls for rs10074991. Overall, we identified that the PRKAA1 rs13361707 polymorphism is not significantly associated with cancer susceptibility under all five genetic models. For rs10074991, we revealed a significant decrease risk in allelic comparison model (B vs. A: OR = 0.774, 95% CI = 0.642–0.931, P_Adjust = 3.376*10^− 2), heterozygote comparison model (BA vs. AA: OR = 0.779 95%CI = 0.691–0.877, P_Adjust = 9.86*10^− 10;), and dominant genetic model (BB + BA vs. AA: OR = 0.697 95%CI = 0.533–0.912, P_Adjust = 4.211*10^− 2;). Evidence from TCGA database and GTEx projects indicated that the expression of PRKAA1 in gastric cancer tissue is higher, compared to normal stomach tissue, as well as it in breast cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, the Kaplan-Meier estimate showed that there is no significant difference of OS and RFS between the low and high PRKAA1 TPM groups in gastric cancer, breast cancer, and esophageal carcinoma.

Conclusions

To sum up, PRKAA1 rs13361707 polymorphism is not participant with the increased risk of cancer, while the A allele of PRKAA1 rs10074991 revealed a significant decrease risk.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0704-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Genetic variations in PRKAA1 predict the risk and progression of gastric Cancer

Background

PRKAA1 encodes α-subunit of 5-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of carcinoma of the stomach. Previous works have suggested that polymorphisms in the PRKAA1 may be associated with the risk of non-cardiac gastric cancer (NCGC), but whether PRKAA1 polymorphisms are related to clinical pathologic characteristics of gastric cancer and its clinical outcome is largely unknown.

Methods

We carried out a case-control study including a total of 481 gastric cancer patients and 490 healthy controls. The genotypes of enrolled polymorphisms were identified with Sequenom MassARRAY platform.

Results

This study showed that rs10074991 GG genotype (adjusted OR = 1.44, 95%CI:0.99–2.09, p = 0.056) has a borderline significantly increased risk for gastric cancer, which was consistent with the result of additive model (adjusted OR = 1.21, 95%CI:1.01–1.46, p = 0.042). In similar, an increased risk of gastric cancer was also observed for rs13361707 TC genotype (adjusted OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.01–2.14, p = 0.043; additive model: adjusted OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.02–1.47, p = 0.033). Furthermore, the rs154268 and rs461404 were also found associated with increased gastric cancer risk, which may be influenced by age, tumor type and differentiation, and tumor stage. Haplotype analysis indicated A-G-C-T-C-G haplotype (rs6882903, rs10074991, rs13361707, rs3805490, rs154268 and rs461404) is associated with increased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.02–1.62, p = 0.035). The univariate analysis for overall survival (OS) revealed that both of rs10074991 and rs13361707 variants are associated with poor OS in patients with NCGC.

Conclusion

This case-control study provided the evidence thatrs13361707CC, rs10074991GG, rs461404GG, and rs154268CC are associated with increased gastric cancer risk, especially for NCGC, and that patients with rs10074991 G or rs13361707 C allele have a poor OS.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4818-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Association between PRKAA1 rs13361707 T>C polymorphism and gastric cancer risk: Evidence based on a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Recently, several published studies investigating the relationship between protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 gene (PRKAA1) rs13361707 T>C polymorphism and gastric cancer (GC) susceptibility reported controversial results. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to estimate the strength of the relationship.

METHODS

Qualified studies were identified form a comprehensive search conducted in the Embase, Pubmed, Wangfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for studies published before February 12, 2018. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the relationship between the PRKAA1 rs13361707 T>C polymorphism and GC risk.

RESULTS

Fifteen independent case-control studies, which included 14,615 GC patients and 18,143 control subjects, were included in this present meta-analysis. The overall analysis of the 15 studies indicated that the PRKAA1 rs13361707 T>C polymorphism significantly increased susceptibility for GC in all genetic models. When stratified analysis was carried out by country and source of controls, similar results were found in each subgroup, except for the Hispanic Americans. There was no publication bias in our study. Omitting each study 1 at a time in the sensitivity analysis of the PRKAA1 rs13361707 T>C polymorphism and GC risk had no noticeable influence on the pooled OR, which identified the reliability of the meta-analysis. False-positive report probability analysis and trial sequential analysis demonstrated that such relationship was confirmed in the present study.

CONCLUSIONS

The meta-analysis reveals that the PRKAA1 rs13361707 T>C polymorphism has a significant relationship with increased GC risk. To confirm the risk identified in the present meta-analysis, well-designed and large-scale case-control studies are warranted to investigate the relationship, especially among non-Asian ethnicity.

Correlation between protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 gene rs13361707 polymorphism and gastric cancer susceptibility in asian populations

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 gene (PRKAA1) that confers susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC) was identified by genome-wide association in several case-control studies. However, the results remained controversial and ambiguous. Therefore, we performed a larger meta-analysis to confirm this association. We searched the PubMed, Embase, WanFang, and CNKI databases, without any restriction on language, covering all papers published until Feb 22, 2017. Overall, 14 case-control studies with 14,485 cases and 14,792 controls were retrieved based on the search criteria. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to quantify the strength of the association. Publication bias was assessed by Egger’s and Begg’s tests. We found that the PRKAA1 rs13361707 C/T polymorphism had no association with GC risk in any of the pooled genetic models (for example, the T-allele vs. C-allele allelic contrast model yielded the following estimates: OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.73–1.05, P_{heterogeneity} = 0.000). Furthermore, in analyses stratified by either source of control or geographical origin of subjects, a statistically significant inverse relationship was detected between PRKAA1 rs13361707 C/T polymorphism and GC risk. No obvious evidence of publication bias was detected in the pooled meta-analysis. Furthermore, we observed that individuals carrying T-allele (TT or TC) genotypes had a lower expression of PRKAA1. Our present study indicated that PRKAA1 rs13361707 C/T was not significantly associated with GC risk, despite few positive results in the subgroups.

Assessment of the association between ZBTB20 rs9841504 polymorphism and gastric and esophageal cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The protein encoded by ZBTB20 is a member of the POK family, whose members function as transcriptional repressors through interactions mediated by their conserved C2H2 Krüppel-type zinc finger and BTB/POZ domains. Polymorphisms in ZBTB20 appeared to be associated with gastric and esophageal cancer susceptibility in biological models, but the results of these studies were inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis by pooling all available data to assess the exact association between the ZBTB20 rs9841504 polymorphism and gastric and esophageal cancer susceptibility.

METHOD

The meta-analysis was performed for homozygote comparison, heterozygote comparison, and dominant and recessive models by applying a fixed- or random-effects model. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with the corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Moreover, the data were analyzed using the Stata 12.0 software(StataCorp).

RESULT

A total of 8 independent case-control studies comprising 9,994 cases and 10,258 controls were included. We found a significant association between the rs9841504 polymorphism and decreased gastric cancer susceptibility in the allelic, homozygous, dominant and recessive models (B vs. A:OR = 0.797, 95% CI 0.644-0.986, p = 0.036; BB vs. AA:OR = 0.601, 95% CI 0.366-0.988, p = 0.045; BA + BB vs. AA:OR = 0.789, 95% CI 0.627-0.992, p = 0.043; BB vs. BA + AA:OR = 0.635, 95% CI 0.405-0.997, p = 0.049). Conversely, no association between the rs9841504 polymorphism and esophageal cancer susceptibility was found. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, we observed a significantly decreased susceptibility to gastric cancer in Asian populations in the allele contrast, homozygous and recessive models (B vs. A:OR = 0.791, 95% CI 0.628-0.996, p = 0.046; BB vs. AA:OR = 0.559, 95% CI 0.323-0.966, p = 0.037; BB vs. BA + AA:OR = 0.593, 95% CI 0.361-0.972, p = 0.038).

CONCLUSIONS

In summary, our work suggests that the ZBTB20 rs9841504 polymorphism is a protective factor for gastric cancer rather than esophageal cancer.

Environmental factors, seven GWAS-identified susceptibility loci, and risk of gastric cancer and its precursors in a Chinese population

Gene–environment interactions may increase gastric cancer (GC) risk. Seven susceptibility loci identified by genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) suggest that genetic factors play a role in gastric carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, smoking, and alcohol drinking are also important environmental factors for gastric cancer. However, studies to explore the role of gene–environment interactions in gastric carcinogenesis, and particularly the relationship between the seven susceptibility loci and their potential interactions with H. pylori infection, smoking, and alcohol drinking in risk of GC, and severe intestinal metaplasia (IM)/dysplasia, have been inconclusive. A total of 1273 subjects in a Chinese population were recruited, and genotyping was carried out using the competitive allele‐specific PCR (KASP) method. Unconditional logistic regression was applied to model the associations between genetic polymorphisms and the disease risk. Effect modifications by H. pylori infection, smoking and alcohol drinking were evaluated. PSCA rs2294008/rs2976392 showed a significant, multiplicative interaction with H. pylori infection in risk of GC. Meanwhile, PRKAA1 rs13361707 had an additive interaction with H. pylori infection. SLC52A3 rs13042395 showed an interaction with alcohol drinking in risk of GC. Moreover, three SNPs, MUC1 rs4072037, ZBTB20 rs9841504 and PRKAA1 rs13361707, were associated with precancerous gastric lesions (severe IM/dysplasia). Our data suggest that genetic predisposition factors identified by GWAS may interact with environmental risk factors, Particularly for H. pylori infection and alcohol consumption, to increase the risk of GC.

Decreased risk of developing cancer in subjects carrying SLC52A3 rs13042395 polymorphism: proof from a meta-analysis

AIM

This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to explore the association between SLC52A3 rs13042395 polymorphism and cancer risk.

MATERIALS & METHODS

A comprehensive literature search was performed to confirm the relationship evaluated using STATA 12.0 software.

RESULTS

Overall, SLC52A3 rs13042395 C>T polymorphism was associated with cancer risk in two genetic models (TT vs CC: odds ratio: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.80-0.93; p < 0.001, TT vs CC + CT: odds ratio: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.95; p = 0.001). Significant associations were found between SLC52A3 rs13042395 polymorphism and decreased cancer risk among esophageal cancer, Asians, female, normal BMI and old age groups. No significant associations were observed in alcohol and smoking groups.

CONCLUSION

SLC52A3 rs13042395 C>T polymorphism might be a potential biomarker for cancer susceptibility.

Comparison of Genetic Variants in Cancer-Related Genes between Chinese Hui and Han Populations

Background

The Chinese Hui population, as the second largest minority ethnic group in China, may have a different genetic background from Han people because of its unique demographic history. In this study, we aimed to identify genetic differences between Han and Hui Chinese from the Ningxia region of China by comparing eighteen single nucleotide polymorphisms in cancer-related genes.

Methods

DNA samples were collected from 99 Hui and 145 Han people from the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China, and SNPs were detected using an improved multiplex ligase detection reaction method. Genotyping data from six 1000 Genomes Project population samples (99 Utah residents with northern and western European ancestry (CEU), 107 Toscani in Italy (TSI), 108 Yoruba in Ibadan (YRI), 61 of African ancestry in the southwestern US (ASW), 103 Han Chinese in Beijing (CHB), and 104 Japanese in Tokyo (JPT)) were also included in this study. Differences in the distribution of alleles among the populations were assessed using χ² tests, and F_ST was used to measure the degree of population differentiation.

Results

We found that the genetic diversity of many SNPs in cancer-related genes in the Hui Chinese in Ningxia was different from that in the Han Chinese in Ningxia. For example, the allele frequencies of four SNPs (rs13361707, rs2274223, rs465498, and rs753955) showed different genetic distributions (p<0.05) between Chinese Ningxia Han and Chinese Ningxia Hui. Five SNPs (rs730506, rs13361707, rs2274223, rs465498 and rs753955) had different F_ST values (F_ST>0.000) between the Hui and Han populations.

Conclusions

These results suggest that some SNPs associated with cancer-related genes vary among different Chinese ethnic groups. We suggest that population differences should be carefully considered in evaluating cancer risk and prognosis as well as the efficacy of cancer therapy.

Genetic variant of PRKAA1 and gastric cancer risk in an eastern Chinese population

Published data on the association between PRKAA1 rs13361707 T > C polymorphism and gastric cancer (GCa) susceptibility were inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the association, we conducted a large-scale GCa study of 1,124 cases and 1,194 controls to confirm this association in an eastern Chinese population. Our results showed that the C allele of PRKAA1 rs13361707 increased the GC risk in the study population [CT vs. TT, odds ratio (OR) = 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.40-2.12; CC vs. TT, OR = 2.15, 95%CI = 1.70-2.71; CT/CC vs. TT, OR = 1.86, 95%CI = 1.53-2.26; CC vs.TT/CT, OR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.24-1.79]. In addition, the association of C allele with an increased GCa risk was still significant in subgroups, when stratified by age, sex, tumor site, drinking and smoking status. Moreover, the findings in the present study were validated by our further meta-analysis. In summary, these results indicated that the C allele of PRKAA1 rs13361707 was a low-penetrate risk factor for GCa.