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Wei Q, Feng ZL, Cai YD, He JC, Lai FX, Wan PJ, Wang WX, Yao Q, Chiu JC, Fu Q. Characterization of light-dependent rhythm of courtship vibrational signals in Nilaparvata lugens: essential involvement of cryptochrome genes. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:508-517. [PMID: 37735824 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrational signal plays a crucial role in courtship communication in many insects. However, it remains unclear whether insect vibrational signals exhibit daily rhythmicity in response to changes in environmental cues. RESULTS In this study, we observed daily rhythms of both female vibrational signals (FVS) and male vibrational signals (MVS) in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), one of the most notorious rice pests across Asia. Notably, oscillations of FVS and MVS in paired BPHs were synchronized as part of male-female duetting interactions, displaying significant day-night rhythmicity. Furthermore, we observed light dependency of FVS emissions under different photoperiodic regimes (18 L:6 D and 6 L:18 D) and illumination intensity levels (>300 lx, 50 lx, and 25 lx). Subsequently, the potential role of circadian clock genes cryptochromes (Nlcry1 and Nlcry2) in regulating FVS daily oscillations was examined using gene knockdown via RNA interference. We observed sharp declines and disrupted rhythms in FVS frequencies when either of the Nlcrys was downregulated, with Nlcry2 knockdown showing a more prominent effect. Moreover, we recorded a novel FVS variant (with a dominant frequency of 361.76 ± 4.31 Hz) emitted by dsNlcry1-treated BPH females, which significantly diminished the impact of courtship stimuli on receptive males. CONCLUSION We observed light-dependent daily rhythms of substrate-borne vibrational signals (SBVS) in BPH and demonstrated essential yet distinct roles of the two Nlcrys. These findings enhanced our understanding of insect SBVS and illustrated the potential of novel precision physical control strategies for disrupting mating behaviors in this rice pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Lin Feng
- School of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao D Cai
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jia-Chun He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Xiang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pin-Jun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Zeng L, Wei Y, Zhang M, Pan W, Sword GA, Yang F, Chen F, Wan G. Reliable reference genes for gene expression analyses under the hypomagnetic field in a migratory insect. Front Physiol 2022; 13:954228. [PMID: 36003646 PMCID: PMC9393789 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.954228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulating the hypomagnetic field (HMF), which is the absence or significant weakening (<5 μT) of the geomagnetic field (GMF), offers a unique tool to investigate magnetic field effects on organismal physiology, development, behavior and life history. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has been utilized to study changes in gene expression associated with exposure to the HMF. However, selecting appropriate reference genes (RGs) with confirmed stable expression across environments for RT-qPCR is often underappreciated. Using three algorithms (BestKeeper, NormFinder, and GeNorm), we investigated the expression stability of eight candidate RGs when exposed to the HMF condition versus local GMF during developmental from juveniles to adults in the migratory insect pest, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. During the nymphal stage, RPL5 & α-TUB1, EF1-α & ARF1, RPL5 & AK, EF1-α & RPL5, and ARF1 & AK were suggested as the most stable RG sets in the 1st to 5th instars, respectively. For 1- to 3-day-old adults, AK & ARF1, AK & α-TUB1, AK & ARF1 and EF1-α & RPL5, AK & α-TUB1, AK & EF1-α were the optimal RG sets for macropterous and brachypterous females, respectively. ACT1 & RPL5, RPL5 & EF1-α, α-TUB1 & ACT1 and EF1-α & RPL5, ARF1 & ACT1, ACT1 & ARF1 were the optimal RG sets for macropterous and brachypterous males, respectively. These results will facilitate accurate gene expression analyses under the HMF in N. lugens. The verification approach illustrated in this study highlights the importance of identifying reliable RGs for future empirical studies of magnetobiology (including magnetoreception) that involve magnetic field intensity as a factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Health & Crop Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luying Zeng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Health & Crop Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongji Wei
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Health & Crop Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Health & Crop Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gregory A. Sword
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Health & Crop Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guijun Wan
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Health & Crop Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Guijun Wan,
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3
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Zhang Y, Pan W. Removal or component reversal of local geomagnetic field affects foraging orientation preference in migratory insect brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12351. [PMID: 34760372 PMCID: PMC8555506 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Migratory brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (N. lugens) annually migrates to Northeast Asia in spring and returns to Southeast Asia in autumn. However, mechanisms for orientation and navigation during their flight remain largely unknown. The geomagnetic field (GMF) is an important source of directional information for animals (including N. lugens), yet the magnetic compass involved has not been fully identified. Methods Here we assessed the influences of GMF on the foraging orientation preference of N. lugens by removing or component reversal of local GMF. At the same time, we examined the role of iron-sulfur cluster assembly1 (IscA1), a putative component of magnetoreceptor, in the foraging orientation preference of N. lugens under the controlled magnetic fields by RNA silencing (RNAi). Results We found that the near-zero magnetic field (NZMF) or vertical reversal of GMF could lead to N. lugens losing the foraging orientation preference, suggesting that a normal level of GMF, in the way of either intensity or inclination, was essential for the foraging orientation of N. lugens. Moreover, the gene knockdown of IscA1, also affected the foraging orientation preference of N. lugens, pointing out a potential role of IscA1 in the insects’ sensing of variation in the GMF. Discussion These results suggested a foraging orientation preference is associated with the GMF and revealed new insights into the relationship between the IscA1 and magnetosensitivity mechanism in N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang Z, Xue Y, Yang J, Shang P, Yuan X. Biological Effects of Hypomagnetic Field: Ground-Based Data for Space Exploration. Bioelectromagnetics 2021; 42:516-531. [PMID: 34245597 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The future of mankind is tied to the exploration and eventual colonization of space. Currently, people have resided in orbit at a space station. In the future, we will have opportunities to stay on the moon, Mars, or in deeper space, where astronauts are exposed to the hypomagnetic field (HMF), which refers to an extremely weak magnetic field environment compared with the geomagnetic field. However, the potential risks of HMF exposure to human health are often overlooked. Here, we summarize the literature related to the biological effects of HMF and calculate the magnitude of the effect. Briefly, HMF impairs multiple animal systems, especially in the central nervous system. Additionally, HMF is a stress factor in plant growth and reproduction. Finally, HMF combined with other space environments, such as radiation and microgravity, can affect organisms. Further studies are required to explore (i) countermeasures to the adverse effects of HMF, (ii) combined effects of HMF with other factors, and (iii) the intensity-effect relationship. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanru Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research & Development, Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xichen Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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5
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Wan GJ, Jiang SL, Zhang M, Zhao JY, Zhang YC, Pan WD, Sword GA, Chen FJ. Geomagnetic field absence reduces adult body weight of a migratory insect by disrupting feeding behavior and appetite regulation. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:251-260. [PMID: 32065478 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The geomagnetic field (GMF) is well documented for its essential role as a cue used in animal orientation or navigation. Recent evidence indicates that the absence of GMF (mimicked by the near-zero magnetic field, NZMF) can trigger stress-like responses such as reduced body weight, as we have previously shown in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. In this study, we found that consistent with the significantly decreased body weight of newly emerged female (-14.67%) and male (-13.17%) adult N. lugens, the duration of the phloem ingestion feeding waveform was significantly reduced by 32.02% in 5th instar nymphs reared under the NZMF versus GMF. Interestingly, 5th instar nymphs that exhibited reduced feeding had significantly higher glucose levels (+16.98% and +20.05%; 24 h and 48 h after molting), which are associated with food aversion, and expression patterns of their appetite-related neuropeptide genes (neuropeptide F, down-regulated overall; short neuropeptide F, down-regulated overall; adipokinetic hormone, up-regulated overall; and adipokinetic hormone receptor, down-regulated overall) were also altered under the absence of GMF in a manner consistent with diminishing appetite. Moreover, the expressions of the potential magnetosensor cryptochromes (Crys) were found significantly altered under the absence of GMF, indicating the likely upstream signaling of the Cry-mediated magnetoreception mechanisms. These findings support the hypothesis that strong changes in GMF intensity can reduce adult body weight through affecting insect feeding behavior and underlying regulatory processes including appetite regulation. Our results highlight that GMF could be necessary for the maintenance of energy homeostasis in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Jun Wan
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shou-Lin Jiang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Zhao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Chao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gregory A Sword
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, U.S.A
| | - Fa-Jun Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Zhang B, Tian L. Reactive Oxygen Species: Potential Regulatory Molecules in Response to Hypomagnetic Field Exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 2020; 41:573-580. [PMID: 32997824 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Organisms, including humans, could be exposed to hypomagnetic fields (HMFs, intensity <5 μT), e.g. in some artificially shielded magnetic environments and during deep-space flights. Previous studies have demonstrated that HMF exposure could have negative effects on the central nervous system and embryonic development in many animals. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Studies have revealed that HMFs affect cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and thereby alter physiological and biological processes in organisms. ROS, the major component of highly active free radicals, which are ubiquitous in biological systems, were hypothesized to be the candidate signaling molecules that regulate diverse physiological processes in response to changes in magnetic fields. Here, we summarize the recent advances in the study of HMF-induced negative effects on the central nervous system and early embryonic development in animals, focusing on cellular ROS and their role in response to HMFs. Furthermore, we discuss the potential mechanism through which HMFs regulate ROS levels in cells. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfang Zhang
- Biogeomagnetism Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanxiang Tian
- Biogeomagnetism Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhang YC, Wan GJ, Wang WH, Li Y, Yu Y, Zhang YX, Chen FJ, Pan WD. Enhancement of the geomagnetic field reduces the phototaxis of rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens associated with frataxin down-regulation. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:1043-1052. [PMID: 31389658 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The geomagnetic field (GMF) is an environmental cue that provides directional information for animals. The intensity of GMF is varied over space and time. Variations in the GMF intensity affect the navigation of animals and their physiology. In this study, the phototaxis of the migratory insect rice planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (N. lugens) and frataxin in N. lugens (Nl-fh), which is a mitochondrial protein required for cellular iron homeostasis and iron-sulfur cluster assembly, were investigated by using different intensities of magnetic field. From the results, individuals of N. lugens showed decreased phototaxis when reared and tested in a behavioral arena under a strong magnetic field. Besides the reduction in performance, an accompanying effect of the strong magnetic field condition was a reduced level of Nl-fh-messenger RNA, and a Nl-fh knockdown indeed impaired the phototactic behavior in a tested sample of insects. This leads to the conclusion that the expression of frataxin is dependent on the strength of the surrounding magnetic field and that functional frataxin facilitates phototactic behavior in N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Jun Wan
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Hong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fa-Jun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wan G, Liu R, Li C, He J, Pan W, Sword GA, Hu G, Chen F. Change in geomagnetic field intensity alters migration-associated traits in a migratory insect. Biol Lett 2020; 16:20190940. [PMID: 32343935 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Geomagnetic field (GMF) intensity can be used by some animals to determine their position during migration. However, its role, if any, in mediating other migration-related phenotypes remains largely unknown. Here, we simulated variation in GMF intensity between two locations along the migration route of a nocturnal insect migrant, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, that varied by approximately 5 µT in field intensity. After one generation of exposure, we tested for changes in key morphological, behavioural and physiological traits related to migratory performance, including wing dimorphism, flight capacity and positive phototaxis. Our results showed that all three morphological and behavioural phenotypes responded to a small difference in magnetic field intensity. Consistent magnetic responses in the expression of the phototaxis-related Drosophila-like cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) gene and levels of two primary energy substrates used during flight, triglyceride and trehalose, were also found. Our findings indicate changes in GMF intensity can alter the expression of phenotypes critical for insect migration and highlight the unique role of magnetoreception as a trait that may help migratory insects express potentially beneficial phenotypes in geographically variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Wan
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiying Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxu Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglan He
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Gregory A Sword
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gao Hu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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9
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Xu JJ, Zhang YC, Wu JQ, Wang WH, Li Y, Wan GJ, Chen FJ, Sword GA, Pan WD. Molecular characterization, spatial-temporal expression and magnetic response patterns of iron-sulfur cluster assembly1 (IscA1) in the rice planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:413-423. [PMID: 29063672 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of magnetoreception have been proposed as the magnetite-based, the chemical radical-pair and biocompass model, in which magnetite particles, the cryptochrome (Cry) or iron-sulfur cluster assembly 1 (IscA1) may be involved. However, little is known about the association among the molecules. Here we investigated the molecular characterization and the mRNA expression of IscA1 in different developmental stages, tissues and magnetic fields in the migratory brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. NlIscA1 contains an open reading frame of 390 bp, encoding amino acids of 129, with the predicted molecular weight of 14.0 kDa and the isoelectric point of 9.10. Well-conserved Fe-S cluster binding sites were observed in the predicted protein. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated NlIscA1 to be clustered into the insect's IscA1. NlIscA1 showed up-regulated mRNA expression during the period of migration. The mRNA expression of NlIscA1 could be detected in all the three tissues of head, thorax and abdomen, with the highest expression level in the abdomen. For the macropterous migratory Nilaparvata lugens, mRNA expression of NlIscA1 and N. lugens cryptochrome1 (Nlcry1) were up-regulated under the magnetic fields of 5 Gauss and 10 Gauss in strength (vs. local geomagnetic field), while N. lugens cryptochrome2 (Nlcry2) remained stable. For the brachyterous non-migratory Nilaparvata lugens, no significant changes were found in mRNA expression of NlIscA1, Nlcry1 and Nlcry2 among different magnetic fields. These findings preliminarily reveal that the expression of NlIscA1 and Nlcry1 exhibited coordinated responses to the magnetic field. It suggests some potential associations among the putative magneto-sensitive molecules of cryptochrome and iron-sulfur cluster assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Chao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Qi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Jun Wan
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fa-Jun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gregory A Sword
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Dong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Baranova E, Sarimov R, Gulevich A. Stress induced «railway for pre-ribosome export» structure as a new model for studying eukaryote ribosome biogenesis. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2019.2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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11
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Binhi VN, Prato FS. Biological effects of the hypomagnetic field: An analytical review of experiments and theories. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179340. [PMID: 28654641 PMCID: PMC5487043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During interplanetary flights in the near future, a human organism will be exposed to prolonged periods of a hypomagnetic field that is 10,000 times weaker than that of Earth's. Attenuation of the geomagnetic field occurs in buildings with steel walls and in buildings with steel reinforcement. It cannot be ruled out also that a zero magnetic field might be interesting in biomedical studies and therapy. Further research in the area of hypomagnetic field effects, as shown in this article, is capable of shedding light on a fundamental problem in biophysics-the problem of primary magnetoreception. This review contains, currently, the most extensive bibliography on the biological effects of hypomagnetic field. This includes both a review of known experimental results and the putative mechanisms of magnetoreception and their explanatory power with respect to the hypomagnetic field effects. We show that the measured correlations of the HMF effect with HMF magnitude and inhomogeneity and type and duration of exposure are statistically absent. This suggests that there is no general biophysical MF target similar for different organisms. This also suggests that magnetoreception is not necessarily associated with evolutionary developed specific magnetoreceptors in migrating animals and magnetotactic bacteria. Independently, there is nonspecific magnetoreception that is common for all organisms, manifests itself in very different biological observables as mostly random reactions, and is a result of MF interaction with magnetic moments at a physical level-moments that are present everywhere in macromolecules and proteins and can sometimes transfer the magnetic signal at the level of downstream biochemical events. The corresponding universal mechanism of magnetoreception that has been given further theoretical analysis allows one to determine the parameters of magnetic moments involved in magnetoreception-their gyromagnetic ratio and thermal relaxation time-and so to better understand the nature of MF targets in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N. Binhi
- A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Frank S. Prato
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
- University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Reduced geomagnetic field may affect positive phototaxis and flight capacity of a migratory rice planthopper. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Evidence for the presence of biogenic magnetic particles in the nocturnal migratory brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18771. [PMID: 26727944 PMCID: PMC4700427 DOI: 10.1038/srep18771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic magnetic particles have been detected in some migratory insects, which implies the basis of magnetoreception mechanism for orientation and navigation. Here, the biogenic magnetic particles in the migratory brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens were qualitatively measured by SQUID magnetometry, and their characteristics were further determined by Prussian Blue staining, electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The results indicate that there were remarkable magnetic materials in the abdomens and not in the head or thorax of the 3rd–5th instar nymphs, and in macropterous and brachypterous female and male adults of BPH. The size of magnetic particles was shown to be between 50–450 nm with a shape factor estimate of between 0.8–1.0 for all the tested BPHs. Moreover, the amount of magnetic particles was associated with the developmental stage (the 3rd–5th instar), wing form (macropterous vs. brachypterous) and sex. The macropterous female adults had the largest amount of magnetic particles. Although the existence of magnetic particles in the abdomens of BPH provides sound basis for the assumption of magnetic orientation, further behavioral studies and complementary physical characterization experiments should be conducted to determine whether the orientation behavior of BPH is associated with the magnetic particles detected in this study.
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