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Barreto JR, Berenguer E, Ferreira J, Joly CA, Malhi Y, de Seixas MMM, Barlow J. Assessing invertebrate herbivory in human-modified tropical forest canopies. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4012-4022. [PMID: 33976790 PMCID: PMC8093672 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the effects of human-driven forest disturbance usually focus on either biodiversity or carbon dynamics but much less is known about ecosystem processes that span different trophic levels. Herbivory is a fundamental ecological process for ecosystem functioning, but it remains poorly quantified in human-modified tropical rainforests.Here, we present the results of the largest study to date on the impacts of human disturbances on herbivory. We quantified the incidence (percentage of leaves affected) and severity (the percentage of leaf area lost) of canopy insect herbivory caused by chewers, miners, and gall makers in leaves from 1,076 trees distributed across 20 undisturbed and human-modified forest plots in the Amazon.We found that chewers dominated herbivory incidence, yet were not a good predictor of the other forms of herbivory at either the stem or plot level. Chewing severity was higher in both logged and logged-and-burned primary forests when compared to undisturbed forests. We found no difference in herbivory severity between undisturbed primary forests and secondary forests. Despite evidence at the stem level, neither plot-level incidence nor severity of the three forms of herbivory responded to disturbance. Synthesis. Our large-scale study of canopy herbivory confirms that chewers dominate the herbivory signal in tropical forests, but that their influence on leaf area lost cannot predict the incidence or severity of other forms. We found only limited evidence suggesting that human disturbance affects the severity of leaf herbivory, with higher values in logged and logged-and-burned forests than undisturbed and secondary forests. Additionally, we found no effect of human disturbance on the incidence of leaf herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rodrigues Barreto
- Setor de Ecologia e ConservaçãoUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavrasBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia do Instituto de Biociências da USPUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Erika Berenguer
- School of Geography and the EnvironmentEnvironmental Change InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | | | - Carlos A. Joly
- Departamento de Biologia VegetalInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasBrazil
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the EnvironmentEnvironmental Change InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Jos Barlow
- Setor de Ecologia e ConservaçãoUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavrasBrazil
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
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Kroeger ME, Meredith LK, Meyer KM, Webster KD, de Camargo PB, de Souza LF, Tsai SM, van Haren J, Saleska S, Bohannan BJM, Rodrigues JLM, Berenguer E, Barlow J, Nüsslein K. Rainforest-to-pasture conversion stimulates soil methanogenesis across the Brazilian Amazon. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:658-672. [PMID: 33082572 PMCID: PMC8027882 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Amazon rainforest is a biodiversity hotspot and large terrestrial carbon sink threatened by agricultural conversion. Rainforest-to-pasture conversion stimulates the release of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The biotic methane cycle is driven by microorganisms; therefore, this study focused on active methane-cycling microorganisms and their functions across land-use types. We collected intact soil cores from three land use types (primary rainforest, pasture, and secondary rainforest) of two geographically distinct areas of the Brazilian Amazon (Santarém, Pará and Ariquemes, Rondônia) and performed DNA stable-isotope probing coupled with metagenomics to identify the active methanotrophs and methanogens. At both locations, we observed a significant change in the composition of the isotope-labeled methane-cycling microbial community across land use types, specifically an increase in the abundance and diversity of active methanogens in pastures. We conclude that a significant increase in the abundance and activity of methanogens in pasture soils could drive increased soil methane emissions. Furthermore, we found that secondary rainforests had decreased methanogenic activity similar to primary rainforests, and thus a potential to recover as methane sinks, making it conceivable for forest restoration to offset greenhouse gas emissions in the tropics. These findings are critical for informing land management practices and global tropical rainforest conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E. Kroeger
- grid.266683.f0000 0001 2184 9220Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA ,grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Present Address: Bioenergy and Biome Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Laura K. Meredith
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XSchool of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBiosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Kyle M. Meyer
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Integrative Biology, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Kevin D. Webster
- grid.423138.f0000 0004 0637 3991Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Plinio Barbosa de Camargo
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Leandro Fonseca de Souza
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Siu Mui Tsai
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Joost van Haren
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBiosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XHonors College, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Scott Saleska
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Brendan J. M. Bohannan
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - Jorge L. Mazza Rodrigues
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Erika Berenguer
- grid.9835.70000 0000 8190 6402Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jos Barlow
- grid.9835.70000 0000 8190 6402Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Klaus Nüsslein
- grid.266683.f0000 0001 2184 9220Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA
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Meyer KM, Morris AH, Webster K, Klein AM, Kroeger ME, Meredith LK, Brændholt A, Nakamura F, Venturini A, Fonseca de Souza L, Shek KL, Danielson R, van Haren J, Barbosa de Camargo P, Tsai SM, Dini-Andreote F, de Mauro JMS, Barlow J, Berenguer E, Nüsslein K, Saleska S, Rodrigues JLM, Bohannan BJM. Belowground changes to community structure alter methane-cycling dynamics in Amazonia. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106131. [PMID: 32979812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amazonian rainforest is undergoing increasing rates of deforestation, driven primarily by cattle pasture expansion. Forest-to-pasture conversion has been associated with increases in soil methane (CH4) emission. To better understand the drivers of this change, we measured soil CH4 flux, environmental conditions, and belowground microbial community structure across primary forests, cattle pastures, and secondary forests in two Amazonian regions. We show that pasture soils emit high levels of CH4 (mean: 3454.6 ± 9482.3 μg CH4 m-2 d-1), consistent with previous reports, while forest soils on average emit CH4 at modest rates (mean: 9.8 ± 120.5 μg CH4 m-2 d-1), but often act as CH4 sinks. We report that secondary forest soils tend to consume CH4 (mean: -10.2 ± 35.7 μg CH4 m-2 d-1), demonstrating that pasture CH4 emissions can be reversed. We apply a novel computational approach to identify microbial community attributes associated with flux independent of soil chemistry. While this revealed taxa known to produce or consume CH4 directly (i.e. methanogens and methanotrophs, respectively), the vast majority of identified taxa are not known to cycle CH4. Each land use type had a unique subset of taxa associated with CH4 flux, suggesting that land use change alters CH4 cycling through shifts in microbial community composition. Taken together, we show that microbial composition is crucial for understanding the observed CH4 dynamics and that microorganisms provide explanatory power that cannot be captured by environmental variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Meyer
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Andrew H Morris
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | - Ann M Klein
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA; College of the Siskiyous, Weed, CA, USA
| | - Marie E Kroeger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Laura K Meredith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, Tucson, AZ, USA; Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Andreas Brændholt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Fernanda Nakamura
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Venturini
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Fonseca de Souza
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katherine L Shek
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Rachel Danielson
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joost van Haren
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Honors College, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Siu Mui Tsai
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dini-Andreote
- Department of Soil Science, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José M S de Mauro
- Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém-Tapajós, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK; Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Klaus Nüsslein
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Scott Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jorge L M Rodrigues
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Spatiotemporal Evolution of Urban Expansion Using Landsat Time Series Data and Assessment of Its Influences on Forests. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of urban land use dynamics is essential for assessing ecosystem functionalities and climate change impacts. The focus of this study is on monitoring the characteristics of urban expansion in Hang-Jia-Hu and evaluating its influences on forests by applying 30-m multispectral Landsat data and a machine learning algorithm. Firstly, remote sensed images were preprocessed with radiation calibration, atmospheric correction and topographic correction. Then, the C5.0 decision tree was used to establish classification trees and then applied to make land use maps. Finally, spatiotemporal changes were analyzed through dynamic degree and land use transfer matrix. In addition, average land use transfer probability matrix (ATPM) was utilized for the prediction of land use area in the next 20 years. The results show that: (1) C5.0 decision tree performed with precise accuracy in land use classification, with an average total accuracy and kappa coefficient of more than 90.04% and 0.87. (2) During the last 20 years, land use in Hang-Jia-Hu has changed extensively. Urban area expanded from 5.84% in 1995 to 21.32% in 2015, which has brought about enormous impacts on cultivated land, with 198,854 hectares becoming urban, followed by forests with 19,823 hectares. (3) Land use area prediction based on the ATPM revealed that urbanization will continue to expand at the expense of cultivated land, but the impact on the forests will be greater than the past two decades. Rationality of urban land structure distribution is important for economic and social development. Therefore, remotely sensed technology combined with machine learning algorithms is of great significance to the dynamic detection of resources in the process of urbanization.
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Cajaiba RL, Périco E, da Silva WB, Vieira TB, Dalzochio MS, Bastos R, Cabral JA, Santos M. How informative is the response of Ground Beetles' (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages to anthropogenic land use changes? Insights for ecological status assessments from a case study in the Neotropics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1219-1227. [PMID: 29913584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ground Beetles (Carabidae) have been suggested to be used as indicators of ecological status under the effects of anthropogenic land use and land cover changes in highly biodiverse regions such as the Neotropics. In this study Ground Beetles' assemblages from a region in the Brazilian Amazon were investigated for evaluating their applicability as disturbance indicators. Differences in assemblages between ecosystems, discriminated by complimentary methodologies, demonstrate a sensitive reaction from the most pristine forests to increasingly disturbed systems. Besides capturing the influence of different prevailing conditions between ecosystems, Ground Beetles are easy to communicate and to link with the other components of the system, being effortless and routinely measurable using standard methodologies. This study represents a step forward in using Ground Beetles for the purposes of planning, management and public reporting on the ecological status of Neotropical ecosystems. Additionally, the methods depicted could support projections for trends of relevant ecosystem attributes under realistic social-ecological change scenarios, which can be used to guide effective conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo Lucas Cajaiba
- University of Taquari Valley, Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution, R. AvelinoTallini, 95900-000 Lajeado, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Ecology, CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, R. Dep. Gastão Vieira, 1000, 65393-000 Buriticupu, MA, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Périco
- University of Taquari Valley, Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution, R. AvelinoTallini, 95900-000 Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Wully Barreto da Silva
- Federal University of Pará, Campus Altamira, R. Cel. José Porfírio, 2515, 68371-040 Altamira, PA, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bernadi Vieira
- Federal University of Pará, Campus Altamira, R. Cel. José Porfírio, 2515, 68371-040 Altamira, PA, Brazil
| | - Marina Schmidt Dalzochio
- University of Taquari Valley, Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution, R. AvelinoTallini, 95900-000 Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Rita Bastos
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Alexandre Cabral
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mário Santos
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal
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Bukoski JJ, Broadhead JS, Donato DC, Murdiyarso D, Gregoire TG. The Use of Mixed Effects Models for Obtaining Low-Cost Ecosystem Carbon Stock Estimates in Mangroves of the Asia-Pacific. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169096. [PMID: 28068361 PMCID: PMC5222395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangroves provide extensive ecosystem services that support local livelihoods and international environmental goals, including coastal protection, biodiversity conservation and the sequestration of carbon (C). While voluntary C market projects seeking to preserve and enhance forest C stocks offer a potential means of generating finance for mangrove conservation, their implementation faces barriers due to the high costs of quantifying C stocks through field inventories. To streamline C quantification in mangrove conservation projects, we develop predictive models for (i) biomass-based C stocks, and (ii) soil-based C stocks for the mangroves of the Asia-Pacific. We compile datasets of mangrove biomass C (197 observations from 48 sites) and soil organic C (99 observations from 27 sites) to parameterize the predictive models, and use linear mixed effect models to model the expected C as a function of stand attributes. The most parsimonious biomass model predicts total biomass C stocks as a function of both basal area and the interaction between latitude and basal area, whereas the most parsimonious soil C model predicts soil C stocks as a function of the logarithmic transformations of both latitude and basal area. Random effects are specified by site for both models, which are found to explain a substantial proportion of variance within the estimation datasets and indicate significant heterogeneity across-sites within the region. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the biomass C model is approximated at 24.6 Mg/ha (18.4% of mean biomass C in the dataset), whereas the RMSE of the soil C model is estimated at 4.9 mg C/cm3 (14.1% of mean soil C). The results point to a need for standardization of forest metrics to facilitate meta-analyses, as well as provide important considerations for refining ecosystem C stock models in mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J. Bukoski
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeremy S. Broadhead
- Food and Agricultural Organization, United Nations, Bangkok, Thailand
- Spatial Informatics Group, Pleasanton, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel C. Donato
- Department of Natural Resources, Washington State, Olympia, WA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Timothy G. Gregoire
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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Marvin DC, Koh LP, Lynam AJ, Wich S, Davies AB, Krishnamurthy R, Stokes E, Starkey R, Asner GP. Integrating technologies for scalable ecology and conservation. Glob Ecol Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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