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De Los Santos-González BE, Ibarra-Herrera CC, Valencia-Gallegos JA, Mata-Gómez MA, González-Valdez J. A monolithic stationary phase with dendritic nanostructures for the separation of PEGylated proteins. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1989-1999. [PMID: 37605320 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Separation of PEGylated protein mixtures into individual species is a challenging procedure, and many efforts have been focused on creating novel chromatographic supports for this purpose. In this study, a new monolithic stationary phase with hyperbranched nanostructures was chemically synthesized. For this, monoliths with a support matrix of poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) and ethylenediamine chemistry were modified with third-generation dendrons with butyl-end groups. The new monolith was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, confirming the dendron with butyl ligands and exhibited low mass transfer resistance as observed by breakthrough frontal analysis. This support was able to separate mono-PEG ribonuclease A from the PEGylation mixture, indicated by a single band (∼30 kDa) in the electrophoretic analysis. Moreover, the separation of mono-PEGylated positional isomers was probably observed, as the protein with ∼30 kDa was found in two separate peaks. Interestingly, the dendronized monolith allowed the separation of the reaction mixture into individual PEGylated species when using high ammonium sulfate concentrations (2 M). A correlation between the PEGylation degree and the strength of the hydrophobic interactions on the monolith was observed. This chromatographic approach combines the natural branched architecture of dendrons and the higher capabilities of the monoliths enhancing the hydrophobic surface area, and therefore the interaction between the PEGylated proteins and ligands. Thus, the novel support represents a novel platform for the purification of PEGylated from non-PEGylated proteins with biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celeste C Ibarra-Herrera
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, México
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Jesús A Valencia-Gallegos
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, México
| | - Marco A Mata-Gómez
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, México
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - José González-Valdez
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, México
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2
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Savla C, Palmer AF. Structural Stability and Biophysical Properties of the Mega-Protein Erythrocruorin Are Regulated by Polyethylene Glycol Surface Coverage. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2081-2093. [PMID: 33821616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been designed for use as red blood cell (RBC) substitutes in transfusion medicine, ex vivo organ perfusion, oxygen delivery to hypoxic tissues, and a myriad of other applications. However, hemoglobin (Hb) derived from annelids (erythrocruorins [Ecs]) comprise a natural class of HBOC, since they are larger in size (30 nm in diameter) and contain more heme groups per molecule (144 heme groups) compared to human Hb (hHb; 5 nm in diameter and 4 heme groups). The larger size of Ec compared to hHb reduces tissue extravasation from the vascular space, thus, reducing vasoconstriction, systemic hypertension, and tissue oxidative injury when used as an RBC substitute. In addition, prior research has shown that Ecs possess slower auto-oxidation rates than hHb at physiological temperature, thus, making them attractive candidates for use as RBC substitutes. Unfortunately, it was also observed that Ecs have a much lower circulatory half-life in vivo compared to other HBOCs. Hence, conjugating polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the surface of Ec was proposed as a simple strategy to increase Ec circulatory half-life. Therefore, in order to inform future in vivo studies with PEGylated Ec, we decided to investigate the structural stability and biophysical properties of variable PEG surface coverage on Ec compared to native Ec. We observed an increase in PEG-Ec diameter and molecular weight (MW) and changes to the quaternary structure, secondary structure, and surface hydrophobicity after PEGylation. There was also an increase in oxygen binding affinity, reduction in oxygen offloading rate, and increase in auto-oxidation rate for increasing PEGylation ratios. Weak dissociation of Ec was also observed after dense PEGylation caused by steric repulsion of the conjugated PEG chains. Hence, we determined an optimum Ec PEGylation ratio that resulted in a substantial size and MW increase along with preservation of oxygen binding properties. In future studies, these materials will be tested in animal models to evaluate pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, tissue oxygenation, microcirculatory responses, and overall safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Savla
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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3
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Tully M, Dimde M, Weise C, Pouyan P, Licha K, Schirner M, Haag R. Polyglycerol for Half-Life Extension of Proteins-Alternative to PEGylation? Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1406-1416. [PMID: 33792290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since several decades, PEGylation is known to be the clinical standard to enhance pharmacokinetics of biotherapeutics. In this study, we introduce polyglycerol (PG) of different lengths and architectures (linear and hyperbranched) as an alternative polymer platform to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) for half-life extension (HLE). We designed site-selective N-terminally modified PG-protein conjugates of the therapeutic protein anakinra (IL-1ra, Kineret) and compared them systematically with PEG analogues of similar molecular weights. Linear PG and PEG conjugates showed comparable hydrodynamic sizes and retained their secondary structure, whereas binding affinity to IL-1 receptor 1 decreased with increasing polymer length, yet remained in the low nanomolar range for all conjugates. The terminal half-life of a 40 kDa linear PG-modified anakinra was extended 4-fold compared to the unmodified protein, close to its PEG analogue. Our results demonstrate similar performances of PEG- and PG-anakinra conjugates and therefore highlight the outstanding potential of polyglycerol as a PEG alternative for half-life extension of biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tully
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Dimde
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paria Pouyan
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Licha
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schirner
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Wang M, Niu A, Gong Z, Xu Z, Li L, Li B, Wang J. PEG-amino acid-przewaquinone a conjugations: Synthesis, physicochemical properties and protective effect in a rat model of brain ischemia-reperfusion. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126780. [PMID: 31784321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A total of 21 PEG-przewaquinone A conjugations with high drug loading ability, good water solubility and in vivo slow-release quality were obtained by conjugating przewaquinone A with PEG through amino acids and tripeptides spacers respectively. Notably, compound 3a can obviously reduce the brain ischemia-reperfusion damage dose-dependently in a rat model, which indicated the efficacy of our PEG prodrug strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Ao Niu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Zhibo Gong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Zhengwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Lili Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Jinxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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5
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Moradi S, Hosseini E, Abdoli M, Khani S, Shahlaei M. Comparative molecular dynamic simulation study on the use of chitosan for temperature stabilization of interferon αII. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 203:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ferreira Soares DC, Oda CMR, Monteiro LOF, de Barros ALB, Tebaldi ML. Responsive polymer conjugates for drug delivery applications: recent advances in bioconjugation methodologies. J Drug Target 2018; 27:355-366. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1499747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Mari Ramos Oda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Andre Luis Branco de Barros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Qi F, Hu C, Yu W, Hu T. Conjugation with Eight-Arm PEG Markedly Improves the In Vitro Activity and Prolongs the Blood Circulation of Staphylokinase. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:451-458. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangbing Qi
- State
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunyang Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weili Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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8
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Araman C, Thompson RE, Wang S, Hackl S, Payne RJ, Becker CFW. Semisynthetic prion protein (PrP) variants carrying glycan mimics at position 181 and 197 do not form fibrils. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6626-6632. [PMID: 28989689 PMCID: PMC5625290 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02719b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Semisynthesis and characterization of homogeneously mono- and di-PEGylated full length PrP variants to study the impact of PEGylation (as N-glycan mimics) on protein folding and aggregation.
The prion protein (PrP) is an N-glycosylated protein attached to the outer leaflet of eukaryotic cell membranes via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Different prion strains have distinct glycosylation patterns and the extent of glycosylation of potentially pathogenic misfolded prion protein (PrPSc) has a major impact on several prion-related diseases (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, TSEs). Based on these findings it is hypothesized that posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of PrP influence conversion of cellular prion protein (PrPC) into PrPSc and, as such, modified PrP variants are critical tools needed to investigate the impact of PTMs on the pathogenesis of TSEs. Here we report a semisynthetic approach to generate PrP variants modified with monodisperse polyethyleneglycol (PEG) units as mimics of N-glycans. Incorporating PEG at glycosylation sites 181 and 197 in PrP induced only small changes to the secondary structure when compared to unmodified, wildtype PrP. More importantly, in vitro aggregation was abrogated for all PEGylated PrP variants under conditions at which wildtype PrP aggregated. Furthermore, the addition of PEGylated PrP as low as 10 mol% to wildtype PrP completely blocked aggregation. A similar effect was observed for synthetic PEGylated PrP segments comprising amino acids 179–231 alone if these were added to wildtype PrP in aggregation assays. This behavior raises the question if large N-glycans interfere with aggregation in vivo and if PEGylated PrP peptides could serve as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Araman
- Institute of Biological Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 38 , 1090 , Vienna-AT , Austria .
| | - Robert E Thompson
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Siyao Wang
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Stefanie Hackl
- Institute of Biological Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 38 , 1090 , Vienna-AT , Austria .
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Christian F W Becker
- Institute of Biological Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 38 , 1090 , Vienna-AT , Austria .
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Turecek PL, Bossard MJ, Schoetens F, Ivens IA. PEGylation of Biopharmaceuticals: A Review of Chemistry and Nonclinical Safety Information of Approved Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:460-475. [PMID: 26869412 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Modification of biopharmaceutical molecules by covalent conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules is known to enhance pharmacologic and pharmaceutical properties of proteins and other large molecules and has been used successfully in 12 approved drugs. Both linear and branched-chain PEG reagents with molecular sizes of up to 40 kDa have been used with a variety of different PEG derivatives with different linker chemistries. This review describes the properties of PEG itself, the history and evolution of PEGylation chemistry, and provides examples of PEGylated drugs with an established medical history. A trend toward the use of complex PEG architectures and larger PEG polymers, but with very pure and well-characterized PEG reagents is described. Nonclinical toxicology findings related to PEG in approved PEGylated biopharmaceuticals are summarized. The effect attributed to the PEG part of the molecules as observed in 5 of the 12 marketed products was cellular vacuolation seen microscopically mainly in phagocytic cells which is likely related to their biological function to absorb and remove particles and macromolecules from blood and tissues. Experience with marketed PEGylated products indicates that adverse effects in toxicology studies are usually related to the active part of the drug but not to the PEG moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary J Bossard
- Nektar Therapeutics, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Huntsville, Alabama 35801-5914
| | | | - Inge A Ivens
- Bayer, Toxicology, San Francisco, California 94158
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Chang PK, Prestidge CA, Barnes TJ, Bremmell KE. Impact of PEGylation and non-ionic surfactants on the physical stability of the therapeutic protein filgrastim (G-CSF). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16254a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PEGylation of G-SCF did not influence the mechanism of interaction with polysorbate 20, however improved resistance to temperature induced aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K. Chang
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences
- Sansom Research Institute
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Clive A. Prestidge
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences
- Sansom Research Institute
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Timothy J. Barnes
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences
- Sansom Research Institute
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Kristen E. Bremmell
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences
- Sansom Research Institute
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
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