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Myers SJ, Ruppa KP, Wilson LJ, Tahirovic YA, Lyuboslavsky P, Menaldino DS, Dentmon ZW, Koszalka GW, Zaczek R, Dingledine RJ, Traynelis SF, Liotta DC. A Glutamate N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Subunit 2B-Selective Inhibitor of NMDA Receptor Function with Enhanced Potency at Acidic pH and Oral Bioavailability for Clinical Use. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:41-52. [PMID: 34493631 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a clinical candidate molecule from a new series of glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 2B-selective inhibitors that shows enhanced inhibition at extracellular acidic pH values relative to physiologic pH. This property should render these compounds more effective inhibitors of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors at synapses responding to a high frequency of action potentials, since glutamate-containing vesicles are acidic within their lumen. In addition, acidification of penumbral regions around ischemic tissue should also enhance selective drug action for improved neuroprotection. The aryl piperazine we describe here shows strong neuroprotective actions with minimal side effects in preclinical studies. The clinical candidate molecule NP10679 has high oral bioavailability with good brain penetration and is suitable for both intravenous and oral dosing for therapeutic use in humans. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study identifies a new series of glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 2B-selective negative allosteric modulators with properties appropriate for clinical advancement. The compounds are more potent at acidic pH, associated with ischemic tissue, and this property should increase the therapeutic safety of this class by improving efficacy in affected tissue while sparing NMDA receptor block in healthy brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Kamalesh P Ruppa
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Lawrence J Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Yesim A Tahirovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Polina Lyuboslavsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - David S Menaldino
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Zackery W Dentmon
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - George W Koszalka
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Robert Zaczek
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Raymond J Dingledine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Dennis C Liotta
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
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Loiodice S, Wing Young H, Rion B, Méot B, Montagne P, Denibaud AS, Viel R, Drieu La Rochelle C. Implication of nigral dopaminergic lesion and repeated L-dopa exposure in neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2018; 360:120-127. [PMID: 30521934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the contribution of nigral dopaminergic (DA) cell loss, repeated exposure to DA medication and the combination of both to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). A bilateral 6-OHDA lesion of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) was performed in rats. A set of animals was repeatedly administered with L-dopa (20 mg/kg/day) and benserazide (5 mg/kg/day) over 10 days starting from day 11 post-lesion. Behavioural testing was performed in week 3 post-lesion: novel object recognition (NOR), elevated plus maze (EPM) social interaction (SI) tests, and amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (AIH). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant partial lesion (48%) in 6-OHDA versus sham rats. This lesion was not associated with motor impairment. However, lesioned rats displayed a significant deficit in the NOR, which was reversed by acute treatment with l-dopa/benserazide (12.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg respectively). Lesioned rats also displayed a deficit in the EPM which was not reversed by acute treatment with l-dopa. No difference was observed in the SI test or in the AIH assay. In all assays, no effect of chronic l-dopa exposure was observed. This study provides new insights into the neuropathophysiology associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD. Our data strongly emphasises a not previously clearly identified critical role in cognition for the SNc. The results suggest that DA pathways were less directly involved in lesion-induced anxiety-like behaviour. We did not report any effect of chronic l-dopa exposure in the context of partial nigral cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Loiodice
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042, Rennes, France.
| | - Harry Wing Young
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Rion
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Benoît Méot
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Montagne
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042, Rennes, France
| | | | - Roselyne Viel
- Plate-Forme H2P2, Université de Rennes 1, Biosit, 2 Av. du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
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Loiodice S, Denibaud AS, Deffains W, Alix M, Montagne P, Seffals M, Drieu La Rochelle C. Validation of a New Scoring Scale for Behavioral Assessment of L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinesia in the Rat: A New Tool for Early Decision-Making in Drug Development. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:762-772. [PMID: 29226687 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated nonhuman primate (NHP) has been described as the most translatable model for experimental reproduction of L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). However, from a drug discovery perspective, the risk associated with investment in this type of model is high due to the time and cost. The 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat dyskinesia model is recommended for testing compounds but relies on onerous, and nonstandard behavioral rating scales. We sought to develop a simplified and sensitive method aiming at assessing LID in the rat. The purpose was to validate a reliable tool providing earlier insight into the antidyskinetic potential of compounds in a time/cost-effective manner before further investigation in NHP models. Unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats were administered L-dopa (20 mg/kg) and benserazide (5 mg/kg) daily for 3 weeks starting 4 weeks postlesion, then coadministered with amantadine (20-30-40 mg/kg). An adapted rating scale was used to score LID frequency and a severity coefficient was applied depending on the features of the observed behavior. A gradual increase (about 3-fold) in LID score was observed over the 3 weeks of L-dopa treatment. The rating scale was sensitive enough to highlight a dose-dependent amantadine-mediated decrease (about 2.2-fold) in LID score. We validated a simplified method, able to reflect different levels of severity in the assessment of LID and, thus, provide a reliable tool for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Loiodice
- Non-Clinical Department, Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denibaud
- Non-Clinical Department, Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Wendy Deffains
- Non-Clinical Department, Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Magali Alix
- Non-Clinical Department, Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Montagne
- Non-Clinical Department, Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Marine Seffals
- Plate-Forme H2P2, Université de Rennes 1, Biosit, 2 Av. du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
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