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Gao Y, Zhang Y, Ma C, Chen Y, Liu C, Wang Y, Wang S, Chen X. Editing the nuclear localization signals of E1 and E1Lb enables the production of tropical soybean in temperate growing regions. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2145-2156. [PMID: 38511622 PMCID: PMC11258983 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Soybean is a typical short-day crop, and most commercial soybean cultivars are restricted to a relatively narrow range of latitudes due to photoperiod sensitivity. Photoperiod sensitivity hinders the utilization of soybean germplasms across geographical regions. When grown in temperate regions, tropical soybean responds to prolonged day length by increasing the vegetative growth phase and delaying flowering and maturity, which often pushes the harvest window past the first frost date. In this study, we used CRISPR/LbCas12a to edit a North American subtropical soybean cultivar named 06KG218440 that belongs to maturity group 5.5. By designing one gRNA to edit the nuclear localization signal (NLS) regions of both E1 and E1Lb, we created a series of new germplasms with shortened flowering time and time to maturity and determined their favourable latitudinal zone for cultivation. The novel partial function alleles successfully achieve yield and early maturity trade-offs and exhibit good agronomic traits and high yields in temperate regions. This work offers a straightforward editing strategy to modify subtropical and tropical soybean cultivars for temperate growing regions, a strategy that could be used to enrich genetic diversity in temperate breeding programmes and facilitate the introduction of important crop traits such as disease tolerance or high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingSyngenta Biotechnology (China) Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Yuguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingSyngenta Biotechnology (China) Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Chuanyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingSyngenta Biotechnology (China) Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Yanhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingSyngenta Biotechnology (China) Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Chunxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingSyngenta Seed Technology China Co., Ltd.YanglingChina
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingSyngenta Biotechnology (China) Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Songyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingSyngenta Biotechnology (China) Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingSyngenta Biotechnology (China) Co., LtdBeijingChina
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2
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Sui C, Cheng S, Wang D, Lv L, Meng H, Du M, Li J, Su P, Guo S. Systematic identification and characterization of the soybean ( Glycine max) B-box transcription factor family. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2155570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sui
- Liaocheng University Crop Germplasm Innovation Research Institute, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Liaocheng University Crop Germplasm Innovation Research Institute, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Deying Wang
- Liaocheng University Crop Germplasm Innovation Research Institute, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Lujia Lv
- Liaocheng University Crop Germplasm Innovation Research Institute, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Huiran Meng
- Liaocheng University Crop Germplasm Innovation Research Institute, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Mengxue Du
- Liaocheng University Crop Germplasm Innovation Research Institute, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Liaocheng University Crop Germplasm Innovation Research Institute, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Peisen Su
- Liaocheng University Crop Germplasm Innovation Research Institute, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Shangjing Guo
- Liaocheng University Crop Germplasm Innovation Research Institute, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, PR China
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3
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Wu T, Lu S, Cai Y, Xu X, Zhang L, Chen F, Jiang B, Zhang H, Sun S, Zhai H, Zhao L, Xia Z, Hou W, Kong F, Han T. Molecular breeding for improvement of photothermal adaptability in soybean. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:60. [PMID: 37496825 PMCID: PMC10366068 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a typical short-day and temperate crop that is sensitive to photoperiod and temperature. Responses of soybean to photothermal conditions determine plant growth and development, which affect its architecture, yield formation, and capacity for geographic adaptation. Flowering time, maturity, and other traits associated with photothermal adaptability are controlled by multiple major-effect and minor-effect genes and genotype-by-environment interactions. Genetic studies have identified at least 11 loci (E1-E4, E6-E11, and J) that participate in photoperiodic regulation of flowering time and maturity in soybean. Molecular cloning and characterization of major-effect flowering genes have clarified the photoperiod-dependent flowering pathway, in which the photoreceptor gene phytochrome A, circadian evening complex (EC) components, central flowering repressor E1, and FLOWERING LOCUS T family genes play key roles in regulation of flowering time, maturity, and adaptability to photothermal conditions. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in genetic and molecular analysis of traits associated with photothermal adaptability, summarizing advances in molecular breeding practices and tools for improving these traits. Furthermore, we discuss methods for breeding soybean varieties with better adaptability to specific ecological regions, with emphasis on a novel strategy, the Potalaization model, which allows breeding of widely adapted soybean varieties through the use of multiple molecular tools in existing elite widely adapted varieties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01406-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Yupeng Cai
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xin Xu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Fulu Chen
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Bingjun Jiang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Shi Sun
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education of China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Zhengjun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Wensheng Hou
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Tianfu Han
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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4
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Wang C, Hao X, Liu X, Su Y, Pan Y, Zong C, Wang W, Xing G, He J, Gai J. An Improved Genome-Wide Association Procedure Explores Gene-Allele Constitutions and Evolutionary Drives of Growth Period Traits in the Global Soybean Germplasm Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119570. [PMID: 37298521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), their growth periods, DSF (days of sowing-to-flowering), and DFM (days of flowering-to-maturity) are determined by their required accumulative day-length (ADL) and active temperature (AAT). A sample of 354 soybean varieties from five world eco-regions was tested in four seasons in Nanjing, China. The ADL and AAT of DSF and DFM were calculated from daily day-lengths and temperatures provided by the Nanjing Meteorological Bureau. The improved restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association study using gene-allele sequences as markers (coded GASM-RTM-GWAS) was performed. (i) For DSF and its related ADLDSF and AATDSF, 130-141 genes with 384-406 alleles were explored, and for DFM and its related ADLDFM and AATDFM, 124-135 genes with 362-384 alleles were explored, in a total of six gene-allele systems. DSF shared more ADL and AAT contributions than DFM. (ii) Comparisons between the eco-region gene-allele submatrices indicated that the genetic adaptation from the origin to the geographic sub-regions was characterized by allele emergence (mutation), while genetic expansion from primary maturity group (MG)-sets to early/late MG-sets featured allele exclusion (selection) without allele emergence in addition to inheritance (migration). (iii) Optimal crosses with transgressive segregations in both directions were predicted and recommended for breeding purposes, indicating that allele recombination in soybean is an important evolutionary drive. (iv) Genes of the six traits were mostly trait-specific involved in four categories of 10 groups of biological functions. GASM-RTM-GWAS showed potential in detecting directly causal genes with their alleles, identifying differential trait evolutionary drives, predicting recombination breeding potentials, and revealing population gene networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, State Innovation Platform for Integrated Production and Education in Soybean Bio-breeding, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Hao
- Soybean Research Institute, MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, State Innovation Platform for Integrated Production and Education in Soybean Bio-breeding, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Soybean Research Institute, MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, State Innovation Platform for Integrated Production and Education in Soybean Bio-breeding, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanzhu Su
- Soybean Research Institute, MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, State Innovation Platform for Integrated Production and Education in Soybean Bio-breeding, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongpeng Pan
- Soybean Research Institute, MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, State Innovation Platform for Integrated Production and Education in Soybean Bio-breeding, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunmei Zong
- Soybean Research Institute, MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, State Innovation Platform for Integrated Production and Education in Soybean Bio-breeding, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wubin Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, State Innovation Platform for Integrated Production and Education in Soybean Bio-breeding, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangnan Xing
- Soybean Research Institute, MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, State Innovation Platform for Integrated Production and Education in Soybean Bio-breeding, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Soybean Research Institute, MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, State Innovation Platform for Integrated Production and Education in Soybean Bio-breeding, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junyi Gai
- Soybean Research Institute, MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, State Innovation Platform for Integrated Production and Education in Soybean Bio-breeding, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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5
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Du H, Fang C, Li Y, Kong F, Liu B. Understandings and future challenges in soybean functional genomics and molecular breeding. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:468-495. [PMID: 36511121 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is a major source of plant protein and oil. Soybean breeding has benefited from advances in functional genomics. In particular, the release of soybean reference genomes has advanced our understanding of soybean adaptation to soil nutrient deficiencies, the molecular mechanism of symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and the roles of flowering time in regional adaptation, plant architecture, and seed yield and quality. Nevertheless, many challenges remain for soybean functional genomics and molecular breeding, mainly related to improving grain yield through high-density planting, maize-soybean intercropping, taking advantage of wild resources, utilization of heterosis, genomic prediction and selection breeding, and precise breeding through genome editing. This review summarizes the current progress in soybean functional genomics and directs future challenges for molecular breeding of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Du
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaru Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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6
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Zhong C, Li Z, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Wang X, Jiang C, Zhao X, Zhao S, Wang J, Zhang H, Liu X, Yu H. Comparative Genomic and Expression Analysis Insight into Evolutionary Characteristics of PEBP Genes in Cultivated Peanuts and Their Roles in Floral Induction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012429. [PMID: 36293287 PMCID: PMC9604132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) are involved in regulating flowering time and various developmental processes. Functions and expression patterns in cultivated peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) remain unknown. In this study, 33 PEBP genes in cultivated peanuts were identified and divided into four subgroups: FT, TFL, MFT and FT-like. Gene structure analysis showed that orthologs from A and B genomes in cultivated peanuts had highly similar structures, but some orthologous genes have subgenomic dominance. Gene collinearity and phylogenetic analysis explain that some PEBP genes play key roles in evolution. Cis-element analysis revealed that PEBP genes are mainly regulated by hormones, light signals and stress-related pathways. Multiple PEPB genes had different expression patterns between early and late-flowering genotypes. Further detection of its response to temperature and photoperiod revealed that PEBPs ArahyM2THPA, ArahyEM6VH3, Arahy4GAQ4U, ArahyIZ8FG5, ArahyG6F3P2, ArahyLUT2QN, ArahyDYRS20 and ArahyBBG51B were the key genes controlling the flowering response to different flowering time genotypes, photoperiods and temperature. This study laid the foundation for the functional study of the PEBP gene in cultivated peanuts and the adaptation of peanuts to different environments.
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7
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Duan Z, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Liang S, Fan L, Yang X, Yuan Y, Pan Y, Zhou G, Liu S, Tian Z. Natural allelic variation of GmST05 controlling seed size and quality in soybean. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1807-1818. [PMID: 35642379 PMCID: PMC9398382 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Seed size is one of the most important agronomic traits determining the yield of crops. Cloning the key genes controlling seed size and pyramiding their elite alleles will facilitate yield improvement. To date, few genes controlling seed size have been identified in soybean, a major crop that provides half of the plant oil and one quarter of the plant protein globally. Here, through a genome-wide association study of over 1800 soybean accessions, we determined that natural allelic variation at GmST05 (Seed Thickness 05) predominantly controlled seed thickness and size in soybean germplasm. Further analyses suggested that the two major haplotypes of GmST05 differed significantly at the transcriptional level. Transgenic experiments demonstrated that GmST05 positively regulated seed size and influenced oil and protein contents, possibly by regulating the transcription of GmSWEET10a. Population genetic diversity analysis suggested that allelic variations of GmST05 were selected during geographical differentiation but have not been fixed. In summary, natural variation in GmST05 determines transcription levels and influences seed size and quality in soybean, making it an important gene resource for soybean molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yaqin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guoan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shulin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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8
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Perfil'ev RN, Shcherban AB, Salina EA. Development of a marker panel for genotyping of domestic soybean cultivars for genes controlling the duration of vegetation and response to photoperiod. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:761-769. [PMID: 34964019 PMCID: PMC8654678 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean, Glycine max L., is one of the most important agricultural crops grown in a wide range of latitude. In this regard, in soybean breeding, it is necessary to pay attention to the set of genes that control the transition to the f lowering stage, which will make it possible to adapt genotypes to local growing conditions as accurately as possible. The possibilities of soybean breeding for this trait have now signif icantly expanded due to identif ication of the main genes (E1–E4, GmFT2a, GmFT5a) that control the processes of f lowering and maturation in soybean, depending on the day length. The aim of this work was to develop a panel of markers for these genes, which could be used for a rapid and eff icient genotyping of domestic soybean cultivars and selection of plant material based on sensitivity to photoperiod and the duration of vegetation. Combinations of 10 primers, both previously developed and our own, were tested to identify different alleles of the E1–E4, GmFT2a, and GmFT5a genes using 10 soybean cultivars from different maturity groups. As a result, 5 combinations of dominant and recessive alleles for the E1–E4 genes were identif ied: (1) e1-nl(e1-as)/
e2-ns/e3-tr(e3-fs)/e4; (2) e1-as/e2-ns/e3-tr/E4; (3) e1-as/e2-ns/E3-Ha/e4; (4) E1/e2-ns/e3-tr/E4; (5) e1-nl/e2-ns/E3-Ha/E4. The studied cultivars contained the most common alleles of the GmFT2a and GmFT5a genes, with the exception of the ‘Cassidi’ cultivar having a rare dominant allele GmFT5a-H4. The degree of earliness of cultivars positively correlated with the number of recessive genes E1–E4, which is consistent with the data of foreign authors on different sets of cultivars from Japan and North China. Thus, the developed panel of markers can be successfully used in the selection
of soybean for earliness and sensitivity to photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Perfil'ev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A B Shcherban
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Salina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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9
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Ha J, Satyawan D, Jeong H, Lee E, Cho KH, Kim MY, Lee SH. A near-complete genome sequence of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) provides key insights into the modern breeding program. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20121. [PMID: 34275211 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), a fast-growing legume species, is an important source of carbohydrates and proteins in developing countries of Asia. Here, we constructed a near-complete genome sequence of mungbean with a scaffold N50 value of 5.2 Mb and only a 0.4% gap, with a total scaffold size of 475 Mb. We identified several misassembled pseudomolecules (Chr03, Chr04, Chr05, and Chr08) in the previous draft assembly; Chr03, Chr04, and Chr08 were assembled into one chromosome, and Chr05 was broken into two chromosomes in the improved reference genome assembly, thus providing more accurate linkage information to breeders. Additionally, using an ultra-high-resolution linkage map constructed based on resequencing data, we identified several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the underlying candidate genes affecting synchronous pod maturity (SPM). Mungbean homologs of two soybean ([Glycine max (L.) Merr.] flowering genes, E3 (phytochrome A) and J (early flowering 3), were identified as candidate genes for the QTLs, and the candidate genes for plant height, node number, and SPM showed critical nucleotide substitutions between the reference cultivar and other genotypes (landraces and wild accessions). Based on the analysis of genetic diversity among 276 accessions collected from 23 countries, we identified 36 selective sweep regions and observed that the overall genetic diversity of cultivars decreased to 30% of that in wild accessions postdomestication. The near-complete genome sequence of mungbean represents an important resource for genome-assisted improvement in the mungbean breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Ha
- Dep. of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National Univ., Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Dani Satyawan
- Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD-IAARD), Jl. Tentara Pelajar No. 3A, Bogor, 16111, Indonesia
| | - Haneul Jeong
- Dep. of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National Univ., Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Lee
- Dep. of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National Univ., Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Heum Cho
- Dep. of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National Univ., Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Dep. of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National Univ., Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National Univ., Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Ha Lee
- Dep. of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National Univ., Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National Univ., Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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10
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Xu K, Zhang XM, Chen H, Zhang C, Zhu J, Cheng Z, Huang P, Zhou X, Miao Y, Feng X, Fu YF. Fine-Tuning Florigen Increases Field Yield Through Improving Photosynthesis in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:710754. [PMID: 34484271 PMCID: PMC8415793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.710754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Crop yield has been maintaining its attraction for researchers because of the demand of global population growth. Mutation of flowering activators, such as florigen, increases plant biomass at the expense of later flowering, which prevents crop maturity in the field. As a result, it is difficult to apply flowering activators in agriculture production. Here, we developed a strategy to utilize florigen to significantly improve soybean yield in the field. Through the screening of transgenic lines of RNAi-silenced florigen homologs in soybean (Glycine-max-Flowering Locus T Like, GmFTL), we identified a line, GmFTL-RNAi#1, with minor changes in both GmFTL expression and flowering time but with notable increase in soybean yield. As expected, GmFTL-RNAi#1 matured normally in the field and exhibited markedly high yield over multiple locations and years, indicating that it is possible to reach a trade-off between flowering time and high yield through the fine-tuning expression of flowering activators. Further studies uncovered an unknown mechanism by which GmFTL negatively regulates photosynthesis, a substantial source of crop yield, demonstrating a novel function of florigen. Thus, because of the highly conserved functions of florigen in plants and the classical RNAi approach, the findings provide a promising strategy to harness early flowering genes to improve crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Penghui Huang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinan Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Fu Fu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Lin X, Liu B, Weller JL, Abe J, Kong F. Molecular mechanisms for the photoperiodic regulation of flowering in soybean. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:981-994. [PMID: 33090664 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiodic flowering is one of the most important factors affecting regional adaptation and yield in soybean (Glycine max). Plant adaptation to long-day conditions at higher latitudes requires early flowering and a reduction or loss of photoperiod sensitivity; adaptation to short-day conditions at lower latitudes involves delayed flowering, which prolongs vegetative growth for maximum yield potential. Due to the influence of numerous major loci and quantitative trait loci (QTLs), soybean has broad adaptability across latitudes. Forward genetic approaches have uncovered the molecular basis for several of these major maturity genes and QTLs. Moreover, the molecular characterization of orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana flowering genes has enriched our understanding of the photoperiodic flowering pathway in soybean. Building on early insights into the importance of the photoreceptor phytochrome A, several circadian clock components have been integrated into the genetic network controlling flowering in soybean: E1, a repressor of FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologs, plays a central role in this network. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in elucidating photoperiodic flowering in soybean, how it contributes to our fundamental understanding of flowering time control, and how this information could be used for molecular design and breeding of high-yielding soybean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Lin
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - James L Weller
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Jun Abe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
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12
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Takeshima R, Nan H, Harigai K, Dong L, Zhu J, Lu S, Xu M, Yamagishi N, Yoshikawa N, Liu B, Yamada T, Kong F, Abe J. Functional divergence between soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologues FT2a and FT5a in post-flowering stem growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3941-3953. [PMID: 31035293 PMCID: PMC6685666 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Genes in the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) family integrate external and internal signals to control various aspects of plant development. In soybean (Glycine max), FT2a and FT5a play a major role in floral induction, but their roles in post-flowering reproductive development remain undetermined. Ectopic overexpression analyses revealed that FT2a and FT5a similarly induced flowering, but FT5a was markedly more effective than FT2a for the post-flowering termination of stem growth. The down-regulation of Dt1, a soybean orthologue of Arabidopsis TERMINAL FLOWER1, in shoot apices in early growing stages of FT5a-overexpressing plants was concomitant with highly up-regulated expression of APETALA1 orthologues. The Dt2 gene, a repressor of Dt1, was up-regulated similarly by the overexpression of FT2a and FT5a, suggesting that it was not involved in the control of stem termination by FT5a. In addition to the previously reported interaction with FDL19, a homologue of the Arabidopsis bZIP protein FD, both FT2a and FT5a interacted with FDL12, but only FT5a interacted with FDL06. Our results suggest that FT2a and FT5a have different functions in the control of post-flowering stem growth. A specific interaction of FT5a with FDL06 may play a key role in determining post-flowering stem growth in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Takeshima
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haiyang Nan
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kohei Harigai
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Lidong Dong
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianghui Zhu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sijia Lu
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meilan Xu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | | | | | - Baohui Liu
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Abe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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13
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Li Y, Dong Y, Wu H, Hu B, Zhai H, Yang J, Xia Z. Positional Cloning of the Flowering Time QTL qFT12-1 Reveals the Link Between the Clock Related PRR Homolog With Photoperiodic Response in Soybeans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1303. [PMID: 31681389 PMCID: PMC6803524 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time and maturity are important agronomic traits for soybean cultivars to adapt to different latitudes and achieve maximal yield. Genetic studies on genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control flowering time and maturity are extensive. In particular, the molecular bases of E1-E4, E6, E9, E10, and J have been deciphered. For a better understanding of regulation of flowering time gene networks, we need to understand if more molecular factors carrying different biological functions are also involved in the regulation of flowering time in soybeans. We developed a population derived from a cross between a landrace Jilincailihua (male) and a Chinese cultivar Chongnong16 (female). Both parents carry the same genotypes of E1e2E3HaE4 at E1, E2, E3, and E4 loci. Nighty-six individuals of the F2 population were genotyped with Illumina SoySNP8k iSelect BeadChip. A total of 2,407 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to construct a genetic linkage map. One major QTL, qFT12-1, was mapped to an approximately 567-kB region on chromosome 12. Genotyping and phenotyping of recombinant plant whose recombination events were occurring within the QTL region allowed us to narrow down the QTL region to 56.4 kB, in which four genes were annotated. Allelism and association analysis indicated Glyma.12G073900, a PRR7 homolog, is the strongest candidate gene for qFT12-1. The findings of this study disclosed the possible involvement of circadian clock gene in flowering time regulation of soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy Agricultural of Science, Changchun, China
| | - Yingshan Dong
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy Agricultural of Science, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Crop Development Center, Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Region of Jiangsu Province, Huaian, China
| | - Zhengjun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng-jun Xia,
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14
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Cao D, Takeshima R, Zhao C, Liu B, Jun A, Kong F. Molecular mechanisms of flowering under long days and stem growth habit in soybean. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1873-1884. [PMID: 28338712 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Precise timing of flowering is critical to crop adaptation and productivity in a given environment. A number of classical E genes controlling flowering time and maturity have been identified in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The public availability of the soybean genome sequence has accelerated the identification of orthologues of Arabidopsis flowering genes and their functional analysis, and has allowed notable progress towards understanding the molecular mechanisms of flowering in soybean. Great progress has been made particularly in identifying genes and modules that inhibit flowering in long-day conditions, because a reduced or absent inhibition of flowering by long daylengths is an essential trait for soybean, a short-day (SD) plant, to expand its adaptability toward higher latitude environments. In contrast, the molecular mechanism of floral induction by SDs remains elusive in soybean. Here we present an update on recent work on molecular mechanisms of flowering under long days and of stem growth habit, outlining the progress in the identification of genes responsible, the interplay between photoperiod and age-dependent miRNA-mediated modules, and the conservation and divergence in photoperiodic flowering and stem growth habit in soybean relative to other legumes, Arabidopsis, and rice (Oryza sativa L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ryoma Takeshima
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Chen Zhao
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Baohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Abe Jun
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
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15
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Takeshima R, Hayashi T, Zhu J, Zhao C, Xu M, Yamaguchi N, Sayama T, Ishimoto M, Kong L, Shi X, Liu B, Tian Z, Yamada T, Kong F, Abe J. A soybean quantitative trait locus that promotes flowering under long days is identified as FT5a, a FLOWERING LOCUS T ortholog. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5247-58. [PMID: 27422993 PMCID: PMC5014162 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is an important floral integrator whose functions are conserved across plant species. In soybean, two orthologs, FT2a and FT5a, play a major role in initiating flowering. Their expression in response to different photoperiods is controlled by allelic combinations at the maturity loci E1 to E4, generating variation in flowering time among cultivars. We determined the molecular basis of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for flowering time in linkage group J (Chromosome 16). Fine-mapping delimited the QTL to a genomic region of 107kb that harbors FT5a We detected 15 DNA polymorphisms between parents with the early-flowering (ef) and late-flowering (lf) alleles in the promoter region, an intron, and the 3' untranslated region of FT5a, although the FT5a coding regions were identical. Transcript abundance of FT5a was higher in near-isogenic lines for ef than in those for lf, suggesting that different transcriptional activities or mRNA stability caused the flowering time difference. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling from re-sequencing data for 439 cultivated and wild soybean accessions indicated that ef is a rare haplotype that is distinct from common haplotypes including lf The ef allele at FT5a may play an adaptive role at latitudes where early flowering is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Takeshima
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hayashi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Jianghui Zhu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Chen Zhao
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Meilan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Naoya Yamaguchi
- Hokkaido Research Organization Tokachi Agricultural Experiment Station, Memuro, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Takashi Sayama
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Masao Ishimoto
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Lingping Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xinyi Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1001014, China
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jun Abe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
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