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Qin Z, Yang J, Zhang K, Gao X, Ran Q, Xu Y, Wang Z, Lou D, Huang C, Zellmer L, Meng G, Chen N, Ma H, Wang Z, Liao DJ. Updating mRNA variants of the human RSK4 gene and their expression in different stressed situations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27475. [PMID: 38560189 PMCID: PMC10980951 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
We determined RNA spectrum of the human RSK4 (hRSK4) gene (also called RPS6KA6) and identified 29 novel mRNA variants derived from alternative splicing, which, plus the NCBI-documented ones and the five we reported previously, totaled 50 hRSK4 RNAs that, by our bioinformatics analyses, encode 35 hRSK4 protein isoforms of 35-762 amino acids. Many of the mRNAs are bicistronic or tricistronic for hRSK4. The NCBI-normalized NM_014496.5 and the protein it encodes are designated herein as the Wt-1 mRNA and protein, respectively, whereas the NM_001330512.1 and the long protein it encodes are designated as the Wt-2 mRNA and protein, respectively. Many of the mRNA variants responded differently to different situations of stress, including serum starvation, a febrile temperature, treatment with ethanol or ethanol-extracted clove buds (an herbal medicine), whereas the same stressed situation often caused quite different alterations among different mRNA variants in different cell lines. Mosifloxacin, an antibiotics and also a functional inhibitor of hRSK4, could inhibit the expression of certain hRSK4 mRNA variants. The hRSK4 gene likely uses alternative splicing as a handy tool to adapt to different stressed situations, and the mRNA and protein multiplicities may partly explain the incongruous literature on its expression and comports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Qin
- Section of Forensic Science and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-Qing-Nan Road, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jianglin Yang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Rd, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
- Key Lab of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China in Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Keyin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qianchuan Ran
- Section of Forensic Science and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-Qing-Nan Road, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Section of Forensic Science and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-Qing-Nan Road, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Didong Lou
- Section of Forensic Science and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-Qing-Nan Road, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- Section of Forensic Science and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-Qing-Nan Road, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lucas Zellmer
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, 730 South 8th St., Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Guangxue Meng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dezhong Joshua Liao
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Rd, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
- Key Lab of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China in Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
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Yan C, Do D, Yang Q, Brunson DC, JF R, Langenau DM. Single-cell imaging of human cancer xenografts using adult immunodeficient zebrafish. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3105-3128. [PMID: 32826993 PMCID: PMC8097243 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are an ideal cell transplantation model. They are highly fecund, optically clear and an excellent platform for preclinical drug discovery studies. Traditionally, xenotransplantation has been carried out using larval zebrafish that have not yet developed adaptive immunity. Larval engraftment is a powerful short-term transplant platform amenable to high-throughput drug screening studies, yet animals eventually reject tumors and cannot be raised at 37 °C. To address these limitations, we have recently developed adult casper-strain prkdc-/-, il2rgα-/- immunocompromised zebrafish that robustly engraft human cancer cells for in excess of 28 d. Because the adult zebrafish can be administered drugs by oral gavage or i.p. injection, our model is suitable for achieving accurate, preclinical drug dosing. Our platform also allows facile visualization of drug effects in vivo at single-cell resolution over days. Here, we describe the procedures for xenograft cell transplantation into the prkdc-/-, il2rgα-/- model, including refined husbandry protocols for optimal growth and rearing of immunosuppressed zebrafish at 37 °C; optimized intraperitoneal and periocular muscle cell transplantation; and epifluorescence and confocal imaging approaches to visualize the effects of administering clinically relevant drug dosing at single-cell resolution in vivo. After identification of adult homozygous animals, this procedure takes 35 d to complete. 7 days are required to acclimate adult fish to 37 °C, and 28 d are required for engraftment studies. Our protocol provides a comprehensive guide for using immunocompromised zebrafish for xenograft cell transplantation and credentials the model as a new preclinical drug discovery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yan
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Mass General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA 02129,Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Daniel Do
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Mass General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA 02129,Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Mass General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA 02129,Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Dalton C. Brunson
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Mass General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA 02129,Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Rawls JF
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David M. Langenau
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Mass General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA 02129,Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139,Lead contact
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Tang X, Cao F, Ma W, Tang Y, Aljahdali B, Alasir M, Salih IE, Dibart S. Cancer cells resist hyperthermia due to its obstructed activation of caspase 3. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:323-326. [PMID: 32194353 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim It is well known that inducing hyperthermia is a type of cancer treatment but some research groups indicate that this treatment is not effective. This article finds and explains the mechanism of this treatment and its possible problems. Background Hyperthermia is commonly known as a state when the temperature of the body rises to a level that can threaten one's health. Hyperthermia is a type of cancer treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures (up to 45 °C). Research has shown that high temperatures can damage and kill cancer cells, usually with minimal injury to normal tissues. However, this mechanism is not known. Materials and Methods We recently treated cancer cells with different temperatures ranging from 37 °C to 47 °C and further measured their caspase 3 secretion by ELISA, western blot and cell survival rate by microscope. Results We found that most cancer cells are able to resist hyperthermia more than normal cells most likely via non-activation of caspase3. We also found that hyperthermia-treated (≥41°) cancer cells extend a long pseudopod-like extension in comparison to the same cancer cells under normal conditions. Conclusion Our data here indicates that cancer cells have resistance to higher temperatures compared to normal cells via non-activation of caspase 3. This is a significant issue that needs to be brought to attention as the medical community has always believed that a high temperature treatment can selectively kill cancer/tumor cells. Additionally, we believe that the pseudopod-like extensions of hyperthermia-treated cancer cells must be related to its resistance to hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoren Tang
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng Cao
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weiyuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yinian Tang
- School of Medicine, Boston University, 72 East Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bushra Aljahdali
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mansour Alasir
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I Erdjan Salih
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Serge Dibart
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA, USA
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Jauffred L, Samadi A, Klingberg H, Bendix PM, Oddershede LB. Plasmonic Heating of Nanostructures. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8087-8130. [PMID: 31125213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The absorption of light by plasmonic nanostructures and their associated temperature increase are exquisitely sensitive to the shape and composition of the structure and to the wavelength of light. Therefore, much effort is put into synthesizing novel nanostructures for optimized interaction with the incident light. The successful synthesis and characterization of high quality and biocompatible plasmonic colloidal nanoparticles has fostered numerous and expanding applications, especially in biomedical contexts, where such particles are highly promising for general drug delivery and for tomorrow's cancer treatment. We review the thermoplasmonic properties of the most commonly used plasmonic nanoparticles, including solid or composite metallic nanoparticles of various dimensions and geometries. Common methods for synthesizing plasmonic particles are presented with the overall goal of providing the reader with a guide for designing or choosing nanostructures with optimal thermoplasmonic properties for a given application. Finally, the biocompatibility and biological tolerance of structures are critically discussed along with novel applications of plasmonic nanoparticles in the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akbar Samadi
- Niels Bohr Institute , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Henrik Klingberg
- Niels Bohr Institute , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - Lene B Oddershede
- Niels Bohr Institute , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Han S, Han K, Hong J, Yoon DY, Park C, Kim Y. Photothermal Cellulose-Patch with Gold-Spiked Silica Microrods Based on Escherichia coli. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5244-5251. [PMID: 30023911 PMCID: PMC6045327 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic-mediated photothermal heating under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation is an emerging key technology in the field of photothermal therapy and chemical reactions. However, there are few reports of photothermal film (dry-type patch), and thus, in this work, we developed the plasmonic-induced photothermal cellulose-patch operating in the NIR region. Hollow and spikelike gold nanostructures, gold-spikes, as plasmonic nanoparticles were prepared and decorated on silica microrods, which were prepared based on a unicellular organism, Escherichia coli, as a framework. In addition, freestanding cellulose-patch was prepared by mixing filter-paper pulp and armored golden E. coli (AGE) microrods. The major absorbing peak of AGE solution was revealed to be 873 nm, and the surface temperature of patch was increased to 264 °C within a very short time (1 min). When NIR laser was irradiated on the patch dipped in the water, the formation of water vapor and air bubbles was observed. The heating efficiency of indirect heat transfer via conduction from patch-to-water was 35.0%, while that of direct heat transfer via radiation from patch in water was 86.1%. Therefore, the cellulose-patch containing AGE microrods has possible applicability to desalination and sterilization because of its fast heating rate and high light-to-heat conversion under the irradiation of low-powered IR laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University,
Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University,
Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwan Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University,
Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University,
Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University,
Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University,
Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
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Temperature induces significant changes in both glycolytic reserve and mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity in colorectal cancer cell lines. Exp Cell Res 2017; 354:112-121. [PMID: 28342898 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermotherapy, as a method of treating cancer, has recently attracted considerable attention from basic and clinical investigators. A number of studies and clinical trials have shown that thermotherapy can be successfully used as a therapeutic approach for various cancers. However, the effects of temperature on cancer bioenergetics have not been studied in detail with a real time, microplate based, label-free detection approach. This study investigates how changes in temperature affect the bioenergetics characteristics (mitochondrial function and glycolysis) of three colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines utilizing the Seahorse XF96 technology. Experiments were performed at 32°C, 37°C and 42°C using assay medium conditions and equipment settings adjusted to produce equal oxygen and pH levels ubiquitously at the beginning of all experiments. The results suggest that temperature significantly changes multiple components of glycolytic and mitochondrial function of all cell lines tested. Under hypothermia conditions (32°C), the extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) of CRC cells were significantly lower compared to the same basal ECAR levels measured at 37°C. Mitochondrial stress test for SW480 cells at 37°C vs 42°C demonstrated increased proton leak while all other OCR components remained unchanged (similar results were detected also for the patient-derived xenograft cells Pt.93). Interestingly, the FCCP dose response at 37°C vs 42°C show significant shifts in profiles, suggesting that single dose FCCP experiments might not be sufficient to characterize the mitochondrial metabolic potential when comparing groups, conditions or treatments. These findings provide valuable insights for the metabolic and bioenergetic changes of CRC cells under hypo- and hyperthermia conditions that could potentially lead to development of better targeted and personalized strategies for patients undergoing combined thermotherapy with chemotherapy.
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Tang P, Xu J, Oliveira CL, Li ZJ, Liu S. A mechanistic kinetic description of lactate dehydrogenase elucidating cancer diagnosis and inhibitor evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:564-571. [PMID: 28114833 PMCID: PMC6010104 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1275606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key enzyme for glycolysis, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) remains as a topic of great interest in cancer study. Though a number of kinetic models have been applied to describe the dynamic behavior of LDH, few can reflect its actual mechanism, making it difficult to explain the observed substrate and competitor inhibitions at wide concentration ranges. A novel mechanistic kinetic model is developed based on the enzymatic processes and the interactive properties of LDH. Better kinetic simulation as well as new enzyme interactivity information and kinetic properties extracted from published articles via the novel model was presented. Case studies were presented to a comprehensive understanding of the effect of temperature, substrate, and inhibitor on LDH kinetic activities for promising application in cancer diagnosis, inhibitor evaluation, and adequate drug dosage prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Tang
- a Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering , SUNY ESF , Syracuse , NY , USA.,b Biologics Process Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , USA
| | - Jianlin Xu
- b Biologics Process Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , USA
| | - Christopher L Oliveira
- b Biologics Process Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- b Biologics Process Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , USA
| | - Shijie Liu
- a Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering , SUNY ESF , Syracuse , NY , USA
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8
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Wang G, Chen L, Yu B, Zellmer L, Xu N, Liao DJ. Learning about the Importance of Mutation Prevention from Curable Cancers and Benign Tumors. J Cancer 2016; 7:436-45. [PMID: 26918057 PMCID: PMC4749364 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some cancers can be cured by chemotherapy or radiotherapy, presumably because they are derived from those cell types that not only can die easily but also have already been equipped with mobility and adaptability, which would later allow the cancers to metastasize without the acquisition of additional mutations. From a viewpoint of biological dispersal, invasive and metastatic cells may, among other possibilities, have been initial losers in the competition for resources with other cancer cells in the same primary tumor and thus have had to look for new habitats in order to survive. If this is really the case, manipulation of their ecosystems, such as by slightly ameliorating their hardship, may prevent metastasis. Since new mutations may occur, especially during and after therapy, to drive progression of cancer cells to metastasis and therapy-resistance, preventing new mutations from occurring should be a key principle for the development of new anticancer drugs. Such new drugs should be able to kill cancer cells very quickly without leaving the surviving cells enough time to develop new mutations and select resistant or metastatic clones. This principle questions the traditional use and the future development of genotoxic drugs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangshi Wang
- 1. Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Lichan Chen
- 2. Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Baofa Yu
- 3. Beijing Baofa Cancer Hospital, Shahe Wangzhuang Gong Ye Yuan, Chang Pin Qu, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Lucas Zellmer
- 2. Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- 4. Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - D Joshua Liao
- 5. D. Joshua Liao, Clinical Research Center, Guizhou Medical University Hospital, Guizhou, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
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