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Yao Z, Wang X, Wang K, Yu W, Deng P, Dong J, Li Y, Cui K, Liu Y. Chloroplast and Nuclear Genetic Diversity Explain the Limited Distribution of Endangered and Endemic Thuja sutchuenensis in China. Front Genet 2021; 12:801229. [PMID: 35003229 PMCID: PMC8733598 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.801229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrow-ranged species face challenges from natural disasters and human activities, and to address why species distributes only in a limited region is of great significance. Here we investigated the genetic diversity, gene flow, and genetic differentiation in six wild and three cultivated populations of Thuja sutchuenensis, a species that survive only in the Daba mountain chain, using chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSR) and nuclear restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (nRAD-seq). Wild T. sutchuenensis populations were from a common ancestral population at 203 ka, indicating they reached the Daba mountain chain before the start of population contraction at the Last Interglacial (LIG, ∼120-140 ka). T. sutchuenensis populations showed relatively high chloroplast but low nuclear genetic diversity. The genetic differentiation of nRAD-seq in any pairwise comparisons were low, while the cpSSR genetic differentiation values varied with pairwise comparisons of populations. High gene flow and low genetic differentiation resulted in a weak isolation-by-distance effect. The genetic diversity and differentiation of T. sutchuenensis explained its survival in the Daba mountain chain, while its narrow ecological niche from the relatively isolated and unique environment in the "refugia" limited its distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kailai Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Purong Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyi Dong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Cui
- Changbai Mountain Academy of Sciences, Joint Key Laboratory of Community and Biodiversity for Jilin Province and Changbai Mountain, Jilin, China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li J, Zhang Y, Ruhsam M, Milne RI, Wang Y, Wu D, Jia S, Tao T, Mao K. Seeing through the hedge: Phylogenomics of Thuja (Cupressaceae) reveals prominent incomplete lineage sorting and ancient introgression for Tertiary relict flora. Cladistics 2021; 38:187-203. [PMID: 34551153 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eastern Asia (EA) - North America (NA) disjunction is a well-known biogeographic pattern of the Tertiary relict flora; however, few studies have investigated the evolutionary history of this disjunction using a phylogenomic approach. Here, we used 2369 single copy nuclear genes and nearly full plastomes to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the small Tertiary relict genus Thuja, which consists of five disjunctly distributed species. The nuclear species tree strongly supported an EA clade Thuja standishii-Thuja sutchuenensis and a "disjunct clade", where western NA species T. plicata is sister to an EA-eastern NA disjunct Thuja occidentalis-Thuja koraiensis group. Our results suggested that the observed topological discordance among the gene trees as well as the cytonuclear discordance is mainly due to incomplete lineage sorting, probably facilitated by the fast diversification of Thuja around the Early Miocene and the large effective population sizes of ancestral lineages. Furthermore, approximately 20% of the T. sutchuenensis nuclear genome is derived from an unknown ancestral lineage of Thuja, which might explain the close resemblance of its cone morphology to that of an ancient fossil species. Overall, our study demonstrates that single genes may not resolve interspecific relationships for disjunct taxa, and that more reliable results will come from hundreds or thousands of loci, revealing a more complex evolutionary history. This will steadily improve our understanding of their origin and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Markus Ruhsam
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Richard Ian Milne
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Dayu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Shiyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Tongzhou Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Kangshan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.,College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, Xizang Autonomous Region, 850012, China
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Low genetic diversity and population differentiation in Thuja sutchuenensis Franch., an extremely endangered rediscovered conifer species in southwestern China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Wang M, Huo L, Liu H, Zhao L, Xu Z, Tan H, Qiu SX. Thujasutchins N and O, two new compounds from the stems and roots of Thuja sutchuenensis. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:2356-2362. [PMID: 33094650 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1836627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Two novel secondary metabolites, including one thujopsene-type sesquiterpene designated thujasutchin N (1) and one norlignan named thujasutchin O (2) were obtained from the ethanolic extract of the stems and roots of Thuja sutchuenensis. Among them, thujasutchin O (2) represents the first example of lignan sharing a unique carbon-reduced skeleton with novel acetal functionality. Their structures were unambiguously determined by means of extensively spectroscopic analysis including UV, IR, HRESIMS, NMR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both of the isolates were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqiong Huo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Plastome Phylogenomic and Biogeographical Study on Thuja (Cupressaceae). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8426287. [PMID: 32685531 PMCID: PMC7335403 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8426287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the biogeographical disjunction of East Asian and North American flora is key to understanding the formation and dynamics of biodiversity in the Northern Hemisphere. The small Cupressaceae genus Thuja, comprising five species, exhibits a typical disjunct distribution in East Asia and North America. Owing to obscure relationships, the biogeographical history of the genus remains controversial. Here, complete plastomes were employed to investigate the plastome evolution, phylogenetic relationships, and biogeographic history of Thuja. All plastomes of Thuja share the same gene content arranged in the same order. The loss of an IR was evident in all Thuja plastomes, and the B-arrangement as previously recognized was detected. Phylogenomic analyses resolved two sister pairs, T. standishii-T. koraiensis and T. occidentalis-T. sutchuenensis, with T. plicata sister to T. occidentalis-T. sutchuenensis. Molecular dating and biogeographic results suggest the diversification of Thuja occurred in the Middle Miocene, and the ancestral area of extant species was located in northern East Asia. Incorporating the fossil record, we inferred that Thuja likely originated from the high-latitude areas of North America in the Paleocene with a second diversification center in northern East Asia. The current geographical distribution of Thuja was likely shaped by dispersal events attributed to the Bering Land Bridge in the Miocene and subsequent vicariance events accompanying climate cooling. The potential effect of extinction may have profound influence on the biogeographical history of Thuja.
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Wang M, Zhao L, Chen K, Shang Y, Wu J, Guo X, Chen Y, Liu H, Tan H, Qiu SX. Antibacterial sesquiterpenes from the stems and roots of Thuja sutchuenensis. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Guo X, Wang M, Wu J, Wu G, Zhang X, Huo L, Liu H, Chen Y, Xie G, Tan H, Qiu SX. Chemical constituents of the trunks and roots of Thuja sutchuenensis. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:264-269. [PMID: 30825577 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Five new compounds including two stilbenes, designated thujasutchins A (1) and B (2), two phenolic compounds namely thujasutchins C (3) and D (4), as well as one sesquiterpene thujasutchin E (5), were isolated from the 95% ethanolic extract from the trunks and roots of Thuja sutchuenensis. Their structures were determined by means of extensively spectroscopic analysis including UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1H and 13C NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC). Moreover, compounds 1, 3-5 were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against SF-268, MCF-7, HepG-2, and A549 tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafeng Wu
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyun Wu
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqiong Huo
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihong Chen
- Guangzhou Green Health Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowen Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haibo Tan
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheng-Xiang Qiu
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China.
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Qin A, Liu B, Guo Q, Bussmann RW, Ma F, Jian Z, Xu G, Pei S. Maxent modeling for predicting impacts of climate change on the potential distribution of Thuja sutchuenensis Franch., an extremely endangered conifer from southwestern China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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