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Shaw KR, Whitney JL, Nalley EM, Schmidbauer MC, Donahue MJ, Black J, Corniuk RN, Teague K, Sandquist R, Pirkle C, Dacks R, Sudnovsky M, Lynch JM. Microplastics absent from reef fish in the Marshall Islands: Multistage screening methods reduced false positives. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115820. [PMID: 38029668 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Island communities, like the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), depend on marine resources for food and economics, so plastic ingestion by those resources is a concern. The gastrointestinal tracts of nine species of reef fish across five trophic groups (97 fish) were examined for plastics >1 mm. Over 2100 putative plastic particles from 72 fish were identified under light microscopy. Only 115 of these from 47 fish passed a plastic screening method using Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (μFTIR) in reflectance mode. All of these were identified as natural materials in a final confirmatory analysis, attenuated total reflectance FTIR. The high false-positive rate of visual and μFTIR methods highlight the importance of using multiple polymer identification methods. Limited studies on ingested plastic in reef fish present challenging comparisons because of different methods used. No plastic >1 mm were found in the RMI reef fish, reassuring human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Shaw
- Hawai'i Pacific University Center for Marine Debris Research, Waimānalo, HI 96795, USA; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Waimānalo, HI 96795, USA.
| | | | - Eileen M Nalley
- Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96815, USA; Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Madeline C Schmidbauer
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Megan J Donahue
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Jesse Black
- Hawai'i Pacific University Center for Marine Debris Research, Waimānalo, HI 96795, USA
| | - Raquel N Corniuk
- Hawai'i Pacific University Center for Marine Debris Research, Waimānalo, HI 96795, USA
| | - Kellie Teague
- Hawai'i Pacific University Center for Marine Debris Research, Waimānalo, HI 96795, USA
| | - Rachel Sandquist
- Hawai'i Pacific University Center for Marine Debris Research, Waimānalo, HI 96795, USA
| | - Catherine Pirkle
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Rachel Dacks
- Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96815, USA
| | - Max Sudnovsky
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA; NOAA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lynch
- Hawai'i Pacific University Center for Marine Debris Research, Waimānalo, HI 96795, USA; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Waimānalo, HI 96795, USA
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't Mannetje A, Coakley J, Douwes J. Total blood mercury and its determinants in New Zealand children and adults. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:289-298. [PMID: 33603094 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury is a widespread persistent environmental pollutant associated with adverse health effects. OBJECTIVE This first national biomonitoring survey of blood total mercury (tHg) conducted in New Zealand aimed to provide baseline data and identify exposure determinants. METHODS Blood was collected from 191 children (age 5-18 years) and 304 adults (20-65) in 2014-2016 and analysed for tHg using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Linear regression was used to assess associations with demographic and lifestyle factors. RESULTS Blood mercury was detected in 93% of children and 99% of adults, with geometric means (GMs) of 0.86 and 1.65 µg/L, respectively. The 60-65-year olds had the highest GM (2.34 µg/L). Regression indicated that tHg was 40% higher in boys compared to girls. Eating fish ≥ 3 times/week (compared to ≤once/week) was associated with 2.7 and 1.7 times higher tHg in children and adults, respectively. Shellfish consumption was also associated with higher tHg. High daily tap water consumption (≥2 L for children, ≥3 L for adults) was associated with lower tHg. In adults, smoking and milk consumption were associated with higher tHg. SIGNIFICANCE Fish and shellfish consumption is a strong determinant of New Zealanders blood tHg levels, with water and milk consumption possibly acting as modulating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea 't Mannetje
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan Coakley
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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Zhang Z, Fulgoni VL, Kris-Etherton PM, Mitmesser SH. Dietary Intakes of EPA and DHA Omega-3 Fatty Acids among US Childbearing-Age and Pregnant Women: An Analysis of NHANES 2001-2014. Nutrients 2018; 10:E416. [PMID: 29597261 PMCID: PMC5946201 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend that the general population should consume about 8 ounces (oz.) per week of a variety of seafood, providing approximately 250 mg per day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and that pregnant and lactating women should consume 8–12 oz. per week of seafood. METHODS We determined the usual intakes, percentage not meeting recommendations, and trends in EPA and DHA intakes among childbearing-age and pregnant women (15–44 years of age) using the NHANES cycles 2001–2002 through 2013–2014. RESULTS For the childbearing-age women, the mean usual intake of seafood was 0.44 ± 0.02 oz. equivalent per day and 100% of the population was below the DGA recommendation. Mean usual intakes of EPA, DHA, and combined EPA and DHA from foods and dietary supplements combined were 26.8 ± 1.4, 62.2 ± 1.9, and 88.1 ± 3.0 mg per day, respectively. Over 95% of the sample did not meet the daily intakes of 250 mg EPA and DHA. Similar results were observed for pregnant women. After controlling for covariates, there were slight but significant increases in EPA and DHA intakes from foods and dietary supplements over the 14-year span among childbearing-age (p = 0.005) and pregnant women (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS It was estimated that a majority of U.S. childbearing-age and pregnant women consumed significantly lower amounts of seafood than what the DGA recommends, which subsequently leads to low intakes of EPA and DHA; in addition, dietary supplement use has not eliminated the nutrient shortfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Zhang
- Nutrition and Scientific Affairs, The Nature's Bounty Co., Ronkonkoma, NY 11779, USA.
| | | | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Richter CK, Bowen KJ, Mozaffarian D, Kris-Etherton PM, Skulas-Ray AC. Total Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Food Sources in the United States Compared to Recommended Intakes: NHANES 2003-2008. Lipids 2017; 52:917-927. [PMID: 28956299 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The American Heart Association recommends consuming fish (particularly oily fish) at least two times per week, which would provide ≈ 0.5 g/day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Previous analyses indicate that this recommendation is not being met; however, few studies have assessed different ethnicities, subpopulations requiring additional n-3 fatty acid intake (i.e., children and pregnant and/or lactating women), or deciles of intake. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2008 was used to assess n-3 fatty acid intake from foods and supplements in the US population, according to age, sex, and ethnicity. A unique "EPA equivalents" factor, which accounts for potential conversion of shorter-chain n-3 fatty acids, was used to calculate total long-chain n-3 fatty acid intake. Data are reported for 24,621 individuals. More than 90% consumed less than the recommended 0.5 g/day from food sources (median = 0.11 g/day; mean = 0.17 g/day). Among the top 15% of n-3 fatty acid consumers, fish was the largest dietary contributor (71.2%). Intake was highest in men aged 20 years or more, and lowest in children and women who are or may become pregnant and/or are lactating. Among ethnicities, intake was lowest in Mexican-Americans. Only 6.2% of the total population reported n-3 fatty acid supplement use, and this did not alter median daily intake. Additional strategies are needed to increase awareness of health benefits (particularly among Mexican-Americans and women of childbearing age) and promote consumption of oily fish or alternative dietary sources to meet current recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chesney K Richter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1177 E. 4th St., 309 Shantz Bldg, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Kate J Bowen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ann C Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1177 E. 4th St., 309 Shantz Bldg, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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