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Costello LF, McMenamin PG, Quayle MR, Bertram JF, Adams JW. Applying 3D surface scanning technology to create photorealistic three-dimensional printed replicas of human anatomy. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:2381956. [PMID: 39135497 PMCID: PMC11323862 DOI: 10.1080/20565623.2024.2381956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To describe advances in 3D data capture and printing that allow photorealistic replicas of human anatomical specimens for education and research, and discuss advantages of current generation printing for replica design and manufacture. Materials & methods: We combine surface scanning and computerized tomography datasets that maximize precise color and geometric capture with ultra violet (UV) curable resin printing to replicate human anatomical specimens. Results: We describe the process for color control, print design and translation of photorealistic 3D meshes into 3D prints in durable resins. Conclusion: Current technologies allow previously unachievable ability to capture and reproduce anatomical specimens, and provide a platform for a new generation of 3D printed teaching materials to be designed and used in anatomy education environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy F Costello
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Paul G McMenamin
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Michelle R Quayle
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - John F Bertram
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Justin W Adams
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Geosciences, Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
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2
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Chatar N, Michaud M, Tamagnini D, Fischer V. Evolutionary patterns of cat-like carnivorans unveil drivers of the sabertooth morphology. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2460-2473.e4. [PMID: 38759651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The sabertooth morphology stands as a classic case of convergence, manifesting recurrently across various vertebrate groups, prominently within two carnivorans clades: felids and nimravids. Nonetheless, the evolutionary mechanisms driving these recurring phenotypes remain insufficiently understood, lacking a robust phylogenetic and spatiotemporal framework. We reconstruct the tempo and mode of craniomandibular evolution of Felidae and Nimravidae and evaluate the strength of the dichotomy between conical and saber-toothed species, as well as within saber-toothed morphotypes. To do so, we investigate morphological variation, convergence, phenotypic integration, and evolutionary rates, employing a comprehensive dataset of nearly 200 3D models encompassing mandibles and crania from both extinct and extant feline-like carnivorans, spanning their entire evolutionary timeline. Our results reject the hypothesis of a distinctive sabertooth morphology, revealing instead a continuous spectrum of feline-like phenotypes in both the cranium and mandible, with sporadic instances of unequivocal convergence. Disparity peaked at the end of the Miocene and is usually higher in clades containing taxa with extreme sabertoothed adaptations. We show that taxa with saberteeth exhibit a lower degree of craniomandibular integration, allowing to exhibit a greater range of phenotypes. Those same groups usually show a burst of morphological evolutionary rate at the beginning of their evolutionary history. Consequently, we propose that a reduced degree of integration coupled with rapid evolutionary rates emerge as key components in the development of a sabertooth morphology in multiple clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narimane Chatar
- Evolution and Diversity Dynamics Lab, Université de Liège, Allée du six août 14, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Functional Anatomy and Vertebrate Evolution Lab, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Margot Michaud
- Evolution and Diversity Dynamics Lab, Université de Liège, Allée du six août 14, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Département Formation et Recherche Sciences et Technologie, Université de Guyane, WMMX+5Q3, Cayenne 97300, Guyane
| | - Davide Tamagnini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Valentin Fischer
- Evolution and Diversity Dynamics Lab, Université de Liège, Allée du six août 14, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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3
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Tamagnini D, Michaud M, Meloro C, Raia P, Soibelzon L, Tambusso PS, Varela L, Maiorano L. Conical and sabertoothed cats as an exception to craniofacial evolutionary allometry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13571. [PMID: 37604901 PMCID: PMC10442348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Among evolutionary trends shaping phenotypic diversity over macroevolutionary scales, CREA (CRaniofacial Evolutionary Allometry) describes a tendency, among closely related species, for the smaller-sized of the group to have proportionally shorter rostra and larger braincases. Here, we used a phylogenetically broad cranial dataset, 3D geometric morphometrics, and phylogenetic comparative methods to assess the validity and strength of CREA in extinct and living felids. To test for the influence of biomechanical constraints, we quantified the impact of relative canine height on cranial shape evolution. Our results provided support to CREA at the family level. Yet, whereas felines support the rule, big cats, like Pantherinae and Machairodontinae, conform weakly if not at all with CREA predictions. Our findings suggest that Machairodontinae constitute one of the first well-supported exceptions to this biological rule currently known, probably in response to the biomechanical demands and developmental changes linked with their peculiar rostral adaptations. Our results suggest that the acquisition of extreme features concerning biomechanics, evo-devo constraints, and/or ecology is likely to be associated with peculiar patterns of morphological evolution, determining potential exceptions to common biological rules, for instance, by inducing variations in common patterns of evolutionary integration due to heterochronic changes under ratchet-like evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Tamagnini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Zoology Building, Viale dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- Museum of Zoology, Sapienza Museum Centre, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
| | - Margot Michaud
- Evolution & Diversity Dynamics Lab, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Carlo Meloro
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pasquale Raia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Soibelzon
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina
| | - P Sebastián Tambusso
- Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Canelones, Servicio Académico Universitario y Centro de Estudios Paleontológicos (SAUCE-P), Universidad de la República, Santa Isabel s/n, 91500, Sauce, Uruguay
| | - Luciano Varela
- Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Canelones, Servicio Académico Universitario y Centro de Estudios Paleontológicos (SAUCE-P), Universidad de la República, Santa Isabel s/n, 91500, Sauce, Uruguay
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Zoology Building, Viale dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Museum of Zoology, Sapienza Museum Centre, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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4
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Martínez-Navarro B, Gossa T, Carotenuto F, Bartolini-Lucenti S, Palmqvist P, Asrat A, Figueirido B, Rook L, Niespolo EM, Renne PR, Herzlinger G, Hovers E. The earliest Ethiopian wolf: implications for the species evolution and its future survival. Commun Biol 2023; 6:530. [PMID: 37193884 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04908-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2017, a hemimandible (MW5-B208), corresponding to the Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), was found in a stratigraphically-controlled and radio-isotopically-dated sequence of the Melka Wakena paleoanthropological site-complex, on the Southeastern Ethiopian Highlands, ~ 2300 m above sea level. The specimen is the first and unique Pleistocene fossil of this species. Our data provide an unambiguous minimum age of 1.6-1.4 Ma for the species' presence in Africa and constitutes the first empirical evidence that supports molecular interpretations. Currently, C. simensis is one of the most endangered carnivore species of Africa. Bioclimate niche modeling applied to the time frame indicated by the fossil suggests that the lineage of the Ethiopian wolf faced severe survival challenges in the past, with consecutive drastic geographic range contractions during warmer periods. These models help to describe future scenarios for the survival of the species. Projections ranging from most pessimistic to most optimistic future climatic scenarios indicate significant reduction of the already-deteriorating territories suitable for the Ethiopian Wolf, increasing the threat to the specie's future survival. Additionally, the recovery of the Melka Wakena fossil underscores the importance of work outside the East African Rift System in research of early human origins and associated biodiversity on the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bienvenido Martínez-Navarro
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Tegenu Gossa
- Human Evolution Research Center (HERC), The University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of History and Heritage Management, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Francesco Carotenuto
- Department of Earth, Environment and Resource Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Saverio Bartolini-Lucenti
- Earth Science Department, Paleo[Fab]Lab, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, Firenze, 50121, Italy
- Institut Català de Paleontogia M. Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Paul Palmqvist
- Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Universidad de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Asfawossen Asrat
- Department of Mining and Geological Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
- School of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Borja Figueirido
- Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Universidad de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Rook
- Earth Science Department, Paleo[Fab]Lab, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, Firenze, 50121, Italy
| | - Elizabeth M Niespolo
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paul R Renne
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gadi Herzlinger
- Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Erella Hovers
- Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA.
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5
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Pietrobelli A, Sorrentino R, Notariale V, Durante S, Benazzi S, Marchi D, Belcastro MG. Comparability of skeletal fibulae surfaces generated by different source scanning (dual-energy CT scan vs. high resolution laser scanning) and 3D geometric morphometric validation. J Anat 2022; 241:667-682. [PMID: 35751880 PMCID: PMC9358749 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to test accuracy and comparability of 3D models of human skeletal fibulae generated by clinical CT and laser scanner virtual acquisitions. Mesh topology, segmentation and smoothing protocols were tested to assess variation among meshes generated with different scanning methods and procedures, and to evaluate meshes-interchangeability in 3D geometric morphometric analysis. A sample of 13 left human fibulae were scanned separately with Revolution Discovery CT dual energy (0.625 mm resolution) and ARTEC Space Spider 3D structured light laser scanner (0.1 mm resolution). Different segmentation methods, including half-maximum height (HMH) and MIA-clustering protocols, were compared to their high-resolution standard generated with laser-scanner by calculating topological surface deviations. Different smoothing algorithms were also evaluated, such as Laplacian and Taubin smoothing. A total of 142 semilandmarks were used to capture the shape of both proximal and distal fibular epiphyses. After Generalized Procrustes superimposition, the Procrustes coordinates of the proximal and distal fibular epiphyses were used separately to assess variation due to scanning methods and the operator error. Smoothing algorithms at low iteration do not provide significant variation among reconstructions, but segmentation protocol may influence final mesh quality (0.09-0.24 mm). Mean deviation among CT-generated meshes that were segmented with MIA-clustering protocol, and laser scanner-generated ones, is optimal (0.42 mm, ranging 0.35-0.56 mm). Principal component analysis reveals that homologous samples scanned with the two methods cluster together for both the proximal and distal fibular epiphyses. Similarly, Procrustes ANOVA reveals no shape differences between scanning methods and replicates, and only 1.38-1.43% of shape variation is due to scanning device. Topological similarities support the comparability of CT- and laser scanner-generated meshes and validate its simultaneous use in shape analysis with potential clinical relevance. We precautionarily suggest that dedicated trials should be performed in each study when merging different data sources prior to analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Pietrobelli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | | | - Stefano Durante
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S. OrsolaBolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Damiano Marchi
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
- Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human JourneyUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Maria Giovanna Belcastro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
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6
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Vandenbossche V, Van de Velde J, Avet S, Willaert W, Soltvedt S, Smit N, Audenaert E. Digital body preservation: Technique and applications. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2022; 15:731-744. [PMID: 35578771 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-fidelity anatomical models can be produced with three-dimensional (3D) scanning techniques and as such be digitally preserved, archived, and subsequently rendered through various media. Here, a novel methodology-digital body preservation-is presented for combining and matching scan geometry with radiographic imaging. The technique encompasses joining layers of 3D surface scans in an anatomical correct spatial relationship. To do so, a computed tomography (CT) volume is used as template to join and merge different surface scan geometries by means of nonrigid registration into a single environment. In addition, the use and applicability of the generated 3D models in digital learning modalities is presented. Finally, as computational expense is usually the main bottleneck in extended 3D applications, the influence of mesh simplification in combination with texture mapping on the quality of 3D models was investigated. The physical fidelity of the simplified meshes was evaluated in relation to their resolution and with respect to key anatomical features. Large- and medium-scale features were well preserved despite extensive 3D mesh simplification. Subtle fine-scale features, particular in curved areas demonstrated the major limitation to extensive mesh size reduction. Depending on the local topography, workable mesh sizes ranging from 10% to 3% of the original size could be obtained, making them usable in various learning applications and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Vandenbossche
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Van de Velde
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stind Avet
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Willaert
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stian Soltvedt
- Department of Informatics, Institute for Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Center, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Noeska Smit
- Department of Informatics, Institute for Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Center, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmanuel Audenaert
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Op3Mech Research Group, Department of Electromechanics, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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7
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OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Morphometric Analysis of the Mandible of Primitive Sabertoothed Felids from the late Miocene of Spain. J MAMM EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-021-09541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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McMenamin PG, Hussey D, Chin D, Alam W, Quayle MR, Coupland SE, Adams JW. The reproduction of human pathology specimens using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for teaching purposes. MEDICAL TEACHER 2021; 43:189-197. [PMID: 33103933 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2020.1837357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The teaching of medical pathology has undergone significant change in the last 30-40 years, especially in the context of employing bottled specimens or 'pots' in classroom settings. The reduction in post-mortem based teaching in medical training programs has resulted in less focus being placed on the ability of students to describe the gross anatomical pathology of specimens. Financial considerations involved in employing staff to maintain bottled specimens, space constraints and concerns with health and safety of staff and student laboratories have meant that many institutions have decommissioned their pathology collections. This report details how full-colour surface scanning coupled with CT scanning and 3 D printing allows the digital archiving of gross pathological specimens and the production of reproductions or replicas of preserved human anatomical pathology specimens that obviates many of the above issues. With modern UV curable resin printing technology, it is possible to achieve photographic quality accurate replicas comparable to the original specimens in many aspects except haptic quality. Accurate 3 D reproductions of human pathology specimens offer many advantages over traditional bottled specimens including the capacity to generate multiple copies and their use in any educational setting giving access to a broader range of potential learners and users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G McMenamin
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Daniel Hussey
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Daniel Chin
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Waafiqa Alam
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michelle R Quayle
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Justin W Adams
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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10
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Waltenberger L, Rebay-Salisbury K, Mitteroecker P. Three-dimensional surface scanning methods in osteology: A topographical and geometric morphometric comparison. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 174:846-858. [PMID: 33410519 PMCID: PMC8048833 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Three‐dimensional (3D) data collected by structured light scanners, photogrammetry, and computed tomography (CT) scans are increasingly combined in joint analyses, even though the scanning techniques and reconstruction software differ considerably. The aim of the present study was to compare the quality and accuracy of surface models and landmark data obtained from modern clinical CT scanning, 3D structured light scanner, photogrammetry, and MicroScribe digitizer. Material and methods We tested 13 different photogrammetric software tools and compared surface models obtained by different methods for four articulated human pelves in a topographical analysis. We also measured a set of 219 landmarks and semilandmarks twice on every surface as well as directly on the dry bones with a MicroScribe digitizer. Results Only one photogrammetric software package yielded surface models of the complete pelves that could be used for further analysis. Despite the complex pelvic anatomy, all three methods (CT scanning, 3D structured light scanning, photogrammetry) yielded similar surface representations with average deviations among the surface models between 100 and 200 μm. A geometric morphometric analysis of the measured landmarks showed that the different scanning methods yielded similar shape variables, but data acquisition via MicroScribe digitizer was most prone to error. Discussion We demonstrated that three‐dimensional models obtained by different methods can be combined in a single analysis. Photogrammetry proved to be a cheap, quick, and accurate method to generate 3D surface models at useful resolutions, but photogrammetry software packages differ enormously in quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Waltenberger
- Austrian Archaeological Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Weatherall AD, Rogerson MD, Quayle MR, Cooper MG, McMenamin PG, Adams JW. A Novel 3-Dimensional Printing Fabrication Approach for the Production of Pediatric Airway Models. Anesth Analg 2020; 133:1251-1259. [PMID: 33181556 PMCID: PMC8505162 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric airway models currently available for use in education or simulation do not replicate anatomy or tissue responses to procedures. Emphasis on mass production with sturdy but homogeneous materials and low-fidelity casting techniques diminishes these models’ abilities to realistically represent the unique characteristics of the pediatric airway, particularly in the infant and younger age ranges. Newer fabrication technologies, including 3-dimensional (3D) printing and castable tissue-like silicones, open new approaches to the simulation of pediatric airways with greater anatomical fidelity and utility for procedure training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Weatherall
- From the Department of Anaesthesia, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew D Rogerson
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michelle R Quayle
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael G Cooper
- From the Department of Anaesthesia, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul G McMenamin
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Justin W Adams
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Courtenay LA, Herranz-Rodrigo D, Huguet R, Maté-González MÁ, González-Aguilera D, Yravedra J. Obtaining new resolutions in carnivore tooth pit morphological analyses: A methodological update for digital taphonomy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240328. [PMID: 33031413 PMCID: PMC7544140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern day investigation in fields of archaeology and palaeontology can be greatly characterised by an exponential growth of integrated new technologies, nevertheless, while these advances are of great significance to multiple lines of research, their evaluation and update over time is equally as important. Here we present an application of inter and intra-observer analysis in taphonomy based geometric morphometrics, employing robust non-parametric statistical analyses for the study of experimental carnivore tooth pit morphologies. To fully understand the influence of measurement errors in the collection of this data, our statistical assessment was performed on fully superimposed, partially superimposed and raw landmark coordinates collected from 3D surface scanning. Experimental samples used to assess these errors includes wolf and dog tooth pits used in modern day ecological livestock predation analysis. Results obtained from this study highlight the importance of landmark type in the assessment of error, emphasising the value of semi-landmark models over the use of ambiguous Type III landmarks. In addition to this, data also reveals the importance of observer experience for the collection of data alongside an interesting increase in error when working with fully superimposed landmarks due to the "Pinocchio Effect". Through this study we are able to redefine the geometric morphometric models used for tooth pit morphological analyses. This final hybrid Type II fixed landmark and semi-landmark model presents a significant reduction in human induced error, generating a more metrically reliable and replicable method that can be used for data pooling in future inter-institutional research. These results can be considered a fundamental step forward for carnivore inspired studies, having an impact on archaeological, palaeontological, modern-day ecological research as well as applications in other forensic sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd A. Courtenay
- Department of Cartographic and Terrain Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Ávila, University of Salamanca, Ávila, Spain
| | - Darío Herranz-Rodrigo
- Department of Prehistory, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- C. A. I. Archaeometry and Archaeological Analysis, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Huguet
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Department d’Historia i Historiao de l’Art, Universitat de Rovira I Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Unit Associated to CSIC, Departamento de Paleobiologia, Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Maté-González
- Department of Cartographic and Terrain Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Ávila, University of Salamanca, Ávila, Spain
- Gran Duque de Alba Institution, Diputación Provincial de Ávila, Ávila, Spain
- Department of Topographic and Cartography Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineers in Topography, Geodesy and Cartography, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego González-Aguilera
- Department of Cartographic and Terrain Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Ávila, University of Salamanca, Ávila, Spain
- Gran Duque de Alba Institution, Diputación Provincial de Ávila, Ávila, Spain
| | - José Yravedra
- Department of Prehistory, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- C. A. I. Archaeometry and Archaeological Analysis, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Herries AIR, Martin JM, Leece AB, Adams JW, Boschian G, Joannes-Boyau R, Edwards TR, Mallett T, Massey J, Murszewski A, Neubauer S, Pickering R, Strait DS, Armstrong BJ, Baker S, Caruana MV, Denham T, Hellstrom J, Moggi-Cecchi J, Mokobane S, Penzo-Kajewski P, Rovinsky DS, Schwartz GT, Stammers RC, Wilson C, Woodhead J, Menter C. Contemporaneity of Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and early Homo erectus in South Africa. Science 2020; 368:368/6486/eaaw7293. [PMID: 32241925 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw7293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the extinction of Australopithecus and origins of Paranthropus and Homo in South Africa has been hampered by the perceived complex geological context of hominin fossils, poor chronological resolution, and a lack of well-preserved early Homo specimens. We describe, date, and contextualize the discovery of two hominin crania from Drimolen Main Quarry in South Africa. At ~2.04 million to 1.95 million years old, DNH 152 represents the earliest definitive occurrence of Paranthropus robustus, and DNH 134 represents the earliest occurrence of a cranium with clear affinities to Homo erectus These crania also show that Homo, Paranthropus, and Australopithecus were contemporaneous at ~2 million years ago. This high taxonomic diversity is also reflected in non-hominin species and provides evidence of endemic evolution and dispersal during a period of climatic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy I R Herries
- Palaeoscience, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086 VIC, Australia. .,Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Jesse M Martin
- Palaeoscience, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086 VIC, Australia
| | - A B Leece
- Palaeoscience, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086 VIC, Australia
| | - Justin W Adams
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia.,Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Giovanni Boschian
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Renaud Joannes-Boyau
- Geoarchaeology and Archaeometry Research Group (GARG), Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, 2480 NSW, Australia.,Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Tara R Edwards
- Palaeoscience, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086 VIC, Australia
| | - Tom Mallett
- Palaeoscience, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086 VIC, Australia
| | - Jason Massey
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ashleigh Murszewski
- Palaeoscience, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086 VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Neubauer
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robyn Pickering
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.,Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - David S Strait
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Brian J Armstrong
- Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Stephanie Baker
- Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Matthew V Caruana
- Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Tim Denham
- Geoarchaeology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - John Hellstrom
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Simon Mokobane
- Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Paul Penzo-Kajewski
- Palaeoscience, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086 VIC, Australia
| | - Douglass S Rovinsky
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary T Schwartz
- Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rhiannon C Stammers
- Palaeoscience, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086 VIC, Australia
| | - Coen Wilson
- Palaeoscience, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086 VIC, Australia
| | - Jon Woodhead
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin Menter
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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14
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Yapuncich GS, Kemp AD, Griffith DM, Gladman JT, Ehmke E, Boyer DM. A digital collection of rare and endangered lemurs and other primates from the Duke Lemur Center. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219411. [PMID: 31770383 PMCID: PMC6879151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific study of lemurs, a group of primates found only on Madagascar, is crucial for understanding primate evolution. Unfortunately, lemurs are among the most endangered animals in the world, so there is a strong impetus to maximize as much scientific data as possible from available physical specimens. MicroCT scanning efforts at Duke University have resulted in scans of more than 100 strepsirrhine cadavers representing 18 species from the Duke Lemur Center. An error study of the microCT scanner recovered less than 0.3% error at multiple resolution levels. Scans include specimen overviews and focused, high-resolution selections of complex anatomical regions (e.g., cranium, hands, feet). Scans have been uploaded to MorphoSource, an online digital repository for 3D data. As captive (but free ranging) individuals, these specimens have a wealth of associated information that is largely unavailable for wild populations, including detailed life history data. This digital collection maximizes the information obtained from rare and endangered animals with minimal degradation of the original specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S. Yapuncich
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Addison D. Kemp
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Darbi M. Griffith
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Justin T. Gladman
- Shared Materials Instrumentation Facility (SMIF), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erin Ehmke
- Duke Lemur Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Doug M. Boyer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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15
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Kotěrová A, Králík V, Rmoutilová R, Friedl L, Růžička P, Velemínská J, Marchal F, Brůžek J. Impact of 3D surface scanning protocols on the Os coxae digital data: Implications for sex and age-at-death assessment. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 68:101866. [PMID: 31518882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The 3D imaging technologies have become of paramount importance for example in disciplines such as forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology, where they are being used more and more frequently. There are several new possibilities that they offer; for instance, the easier and faster sharing of data among institutions, the possibility of permanent documentation, or new opportunities of data analysis. An important requirement, however, is whether the data obtained from different scanning devices are comparable and whether the possible varying outputs could affect further analyses, such as the estimation of the biological profile. Therefore, we aimed to investigate two important questions: (1) whether 3D models acquired by two different scanning technologies (structured light and laser) are comparable and (2) whether the scanning equipment has an effect on the anthropological analyses, such as age-at-death estimation and sex assessment. 3D models of ossa coxa (n = 29) were acquired by laser (NextEngine) and structured light (HP 3D Structured Light Scanner PRO 2) scanners. The resulting 3D models from both scanners were subjected to age-at-death analyses (via the quantitative method of Stoyanova et al., 2017) and sex analyses (via Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste 2 of Brůžek et al., 2017). Furthermore, high quality scans of a small sample (n = 5) of pubic symphyseal surfaces with the RedLux Profiler device were acquired as reference surfaces to which the outputs from both scanners were compared. Small deviations between surfaces were more evident in more rugged surfaces (in areas of depression and protrusion). Even though small differences from the reference surfaces were found, they did not have a significant effect on the age and sex estimates. It never resulted in the opposite sex assignment, and no significant differences were observed between age estimates (with the exception of those with the TPS/BE model).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anežka Kotěrová
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic.
| | - Vlastimil Králík
- Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, CTU in Prague, Technická 4, Prague, 166 07, Czech Republic
| | - Rebeka Rmoutilová
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic; Laboratoire PACEA, UMR 5199, CNRS, Université Bordeaux, CS 50023, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Lukáš Friedl
- Department of Anthropology, University of West Bohemia, Plzeň, 30614, Czech Republic; Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Pavel Růžička
- Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, CTU in Prague, Technická 4, Prague, 166 07, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - François Marchal
- UMR 7268 ADES, Aix-Marseille University, EFS, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, 13344, Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Jaroslav Brůžek
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic; Laboratoire PACEA, UMR 5199, CNRS, Université Bordeaux, CS 50023, Pessac, 33615, France
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16
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Pallas L, Daver G, Mackaye HT, Likius A, Vignaud P, Guy F. A window into the early evolutionary history of Cercopithecidae: Late Miocene evidence from Chad, Central Africa. J Hum Evol 2019; 132:61-79. [PMID: 31203852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Central Africa is known as a major center of diversification for extant Old World Monkeys (OWM) and yet has a poorly documented fossil record of monkeys. Here we report a new colobine monkey (Cercopithecoides bruneti sp. nov.) from the Central African hominin-bearing fossiliferous area of Toros-Menalla, Chad at ca. 7 Ma. In addition to filling a gap in the spatial and temporal record of early OWM evolutionary history, we assess the ecomorphological diversity of early OWM by providing evidence on the onset of a folivorous diet and a partial reacquisition of terrestrial locomotor habits among Miocene colobines. We also support the phylogenetic affinities of the genus Cercopithecoides among the stem group of the extant African colobine monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Pallas
- PALEVOPRIM: Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Evolution, Paléoécosystèmes et Paléoprimatologie, CNRS UMR 7262, Université de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Daver
- PALEVOPRIM: Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Evolution, Paléoécosystèmes et Paléoprimatologie, CNRS UMR 7262, Université de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - Hassane T Mackaye
- Département de Paléontologie, Université de N'Djamena, BP 1117, N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Andossa Likius
- Département de Paléontologie, Université de N'Djamena, BP 1117, N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Patrick Vignaud
- PALEVOPRIM: Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Evolution, Paléoécosystèmes et Paléoprimatologie, CNRS UMR 7262, Université de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - Franck Guy
- PALEVOPRIM: Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Evolution, Paléoécosystèmes et Paléoprimatologie, CNRS UMR 7262, Université de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France.
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17
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Construction of Neuroanatomical Volumetric Models Using 3-Dimensional Scanning Techniques: Technical Note and Applications. World Neurosurg 2019; 126:359-368. [PMID: 30898733 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visuospatial features of neuroanatomy are likely the most difficult concepts to learn in anatomy. Three-dimensional (3D) modalities have gradually begun to supplement traditional 2-dimensionanl representations of dissections and illustrations. We have introduced and described the workflow of 2 innovative methods-photogrammetry (PGM) and structured light scanning (SLS)-which have typically been used for reverse-engineering applications. In the present study, we have described a novel application of SLS and PGM that could enhance medical education and operative planning in neurosurgery. METHODS We have described the workflow of SLS and PGM for creating volumetric models (VMs) of neuroanatomical dissections, including the requisite equipment and software. We have also provided step-by-step procedures on how users can postprocess and refine these images according to their specifications. Finally, we applied both methods to 3 dissected hemispheres to demonstrate the quality of the VMs and their applications. RESULTS Both methods yielded VMs with suitable clarity and structural integrity for anatomical education, surgical illustration, and procedural simulation. CONCLUSIONS The application of 3D computer graphics to neurosurgical applications has shown great promise. SLS and PGM can facilitate the construction of VMs with high accuracy and quality that can be used and shared in a variety of 3D platforms. Similarly, the technical demands are not high; thus, it is plausible that neurosurgeons could become quickly proficient and enlist their use in education and surgical planning. Although SLS is preferable in settings in which high accuracy is required, PGM is a viable alternative with a short learning curve.
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18
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Brzobohatá H, Krajíček V, Velemínský P, Velemínská J. Three-dimensional geometry of human tibial anterior curvature in chronologically distinct population samples of Central Europeans (2900 BC - 21 st century AD). Sci Rep 2019; 9:4234. [PMID: 30862871 PMCID: PMC6414627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of bioarchaeological research have confirmed the gradual decline in lower limb loading among past human populations, beginning with the transition to agriculture. The goal of this study was to assess whether human tibial curvature reflects this decline, with a special emphasis on the time-span during which the pace of technological change has been the most rapid. Our study is the first (1) to apply longitudinal curvature analysis in the antero-posterior (A–P) and medio-lateral (M–L) planes to the human tibia, and (2) that incorporates a broad temporal population sample including the periods of intensification of agriculture, urbanization and industrialization (from 2900 BC to the 21st century AD; N = 435) within Czech territories. Using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics, we investigated whether anterior tibial curvature mirrors assumed diminishing lower limb loading between prehistoric and industrialized societies and explored its shape in all three dimensions. Results showed the continuous trend of A–P straightening of the shaft. This straightening was associated with a relative sigmoidal curve accentuation in the M-L plane. Given the timescale involved and the known phenomenon of declining mobility, such adaptive changes in bone geometry can be interpreted in terms of the diminishing biomechanical demands on the tibia under different living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Brzobohatá
- Department of Prehistorical Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Krajíček
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Velemínský
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Brzobohatá H, Krajíček V, Velemínský P, Velemínská J. Three-dimensional geometry of human tibial anterior curvature in chronologically distinct population samples of Central Europeans (2900 BC - 21 st century AD). Sci Rep 2019. [PMID: 30862871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598−019−40625−3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of bioarchaeological research have confirmed the gradual decline in lower limb loading among past human populations, beginning with the transition to agriculture. The goal of this study was to assess whether human tibial curvature reflects this decline, with a special emphasis on the time-span during which the pace of technological change has been the most rapid. Our study is the first (1) to apply longitudinal curvature analysis in the antero-posterior (A-P) and medio-lateral (M-L) planes to the human tibia, and (2) that incorporates a broad temporal population sample including the periods of intensification of agriculture, urbanization and industrialization (from 2900 BC to the 21st century AD; N = 435) within Czech territories. Using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics, we investigated whether anterior tibial curvature mirrors assumed diminishing lower limb loading between prehistoric and industrialized societies and explored its shape in all three dimensions. Results showed the continuous trend of A-P straightening of the shaft. This straightening was associated with a relative sigmoidal curve accentuation in the M-L plane. Given the timescale involved and the known phenomenon of declining mobility, such adaptive changes in bone geometry can be interpreted in terms of the diminishing biomechanical demands on the tibia under different living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Brzobohatá
- Department of Prehistorical Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Krajíček
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Velemínský
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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Edwards TR, Armstrong BJ, Birkett-Rees J, Blackwood AF, Herries AIR, Penzo-Kajewski P, Pickering R, Adams JW. Combining legacy data with new drone and DGPS mapping to identify the provenance of Plio-Pleistocene fossils from Bolt's Farm, Cradle of Humankind (South Africa). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6202. [PMID: 30656072 PMCID: PMC6336010 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bolt’s Farm is a Plio-Pleistocene fossil site located within the southwestern corner of the UNESCO Hominid Fossil Sites of South Africa World Heritage Site. The site is a complex of active caves and more than 20 palaeokarst deposits or pits, many of which were exposed through the action of lime mining in the early 20th century. The pits represent heavily eroded cave systems, and as such associating the palaeocave sediments within and between the pits is difficult, especially as little geochronological data exists. These pits and the associated lime miner’s rubble were first explored by palaeoanthropologists in the late 1930s, but as yet no hominin material has been recovered. The first systematic mapping was undertaken by Frank Peabody as part of the University of California Africa Expedition (UCAE) in 1947–1948. A redrawn version of the map was not published until 1991 by Basil Cooke and this has subsequently been used and modified by recent researchers. Renewed work in the 2000s used Cooke’s map to try and relocate the original fossil deposits. However, Peabody’s map does not include all the pits and caves, and thus in some cases this was successful, while in others previously sampled pits were inadvertently given new names. This was compounded by the fact that new fossil bearing deposits were discovered in this new phase, causing confusion in associating the 1940s fossils with the deposits from which they originated; as well as associating them with the recently excavated material. To address this, we have used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to compare Peabody’s original map with subsequently published maps. This highlighted transcription errors between maps, most notably the location of Pit 23, an important palaeontological deposit given the recovery of well-preserved primate crania (Parapapio, Cercopithecoides) and partial skeletons of the extinct felid Dinofelis. We conducted the first drone and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) survey of Bolt’s Farm. Using legacy data, high-resolution aerial imagery, accurate DGPS survey and GIS, we relocate the original fossil deposits and propose a definitive and transparent naming strategy for Bolt’s Farm, based on the original UCAE Pit numbers. We provide datum points and a new comprehensive, georectified map to facilitate spatially accurate fossil collection for all future work. Additionally, we have collated recently published faunal data with historic fossil data to evaluate the biochronological potential of the various deposits. This suggests that the palaeocave deposits in different pits formed at different times with the occurrence of Equus in some pits implying ages of <2.3 Ma, whereas more primitive suids (Metridiochoerus) hint at a terminal Pliocene age for other deposits. This study highlights that Bolt’s Farm contains rare South African terminal Pliocene fossil deposits and creates a framework for future studies of the deposits and previously excavated material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara R Edwards
- The Australian Archaeomagnetism Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian J Armstrong
- The Australian Archaeomagnetism Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessie Birkett-Rees
- Centre for Ancient Cultures, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander F Blackwood
- The Australian Archaeomagnetism Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andy I R Herries
- The Australian Archaeomagnetism Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Anthropological Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Paul Penzo-Kajewski
- The Australian Archaeomagnetism Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn Pickering
- Department of Geological Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.,Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Justin W Adams
- Centre for Anthropological Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.,Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Digitizing extant bat diversity: An open-access repository of 3D μCT-scanned skulls for research and education. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203022. [PMID: 30226875 PMCID: PMC6143191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological specimens are primary records of organismal ecology and history. As such, museum collections are invaluable repositories for testing ecological and evolutionary hypotheses across the tree of life. Digitizing and broadly sharing the phenotypic data from these collections serves to expand the traditional reach of museums, enabling widespread data sharing, collaboration, and education at an unprecedented scale. In recent years, μCT-scanning has been adopted as one way for efficiently digitizing museum specimens. Here, we describe a large repository of 3D, μCT-scanned images and surfaces of skulls from 359 extant species of bats, a highly diverse clade of modern vertebrates. This digital repository spans much of the taxonomic, biogeographic, and morphological diversity present across bats. All data have been published to the MorphoSource platform, an online database explicitly designed for the archiving of 3D morphological data. We demonstrate one potential use of this repository by testing for convergence in skull shape among one particularly diverse group of bats, the superfamily Noctilionoidea. Beyond its intrinsic utility to bat biologists, our digital specimens represent a resource for educators and for any researchers seeking to broadly test theories of trait evolution, functional ecology, and community assembly.
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Fiorenza L, Yong R, Ranjitkar S, Hughes T, Quayle M, McMenamin PG, Kaidonis J, Townsend GC, Adams JW. Technical note: The use of 3D printing in dental anthropology collections. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:400-406. [PMID: 30129183 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapid prototyping (RP) technology is becoming more affordable, faster, and is now capable of building models with a high resolution and accuracy. Due to technological limitations, 3D printing in biological anthropology has been mostly limited to museum displays and forensic reconstructions. In this study, we compared the accuracy of different 3D printers to establish whether RP can be used effectively to reproduce anthropological dental collections, potentially replacing access to oftentimes fragile and irreplaceable original material. METHODS We digitized specimens from the Yuendumu collection of Australian Aboriginal dental casts using a high-resolution white-light scanning system and reproduced them using four different 3D printing technologies: stereolithography (SLA); fused deposition modeling (FDM); binder-jetting; and material-jetting. We compared the deviations between the original 3D surface models with 3D print scans using color maps generated from a 3D metric deviation analysis. RESULTS The 3D printed models reproduced both the detail and discrete morphology of the scanned dental casts. The results of the metric deviation analysis demonstrate that all 3D print models were accurate, with only a few small areas of high deviations. The material-jetting and SLA printers were found to perform better than the other two printing machines. CONCLUSIONS The quality of current commercial 3D printers has reached a good level of accuracy and detail reproduction. However, the costs and printing times limit its application to produce large sample numbers for use in most anthropological studies. Nonetheless, RP offers a viable option to preserve numerically constraint fragile skeletal and dental material in paleoanthropological collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fiorenza
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Earth Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robin Yong
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarbin Ranjitkar
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Toby Hughes
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Quayle
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul G McMenamin
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Kaidonis
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Grant C Townsend
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Justin W Adams
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Adams JW. Fossil mammals from the Gondolin Dump A ex situ hominin deposits, South Africa. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5393. [PMID: 30123713 PMCID: PMC6084286 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gondolin palaeokarstic system, located in the UNESCO Fossil Hominids of South Africa World Heritage Site, has been sporadically excavated since the 1970s. Sampling of ex situ dumpsites in 1997 recovered the only two fossil hominin specimens recovered thus far from Gondolin. While one partial mandibular molar (GA 1) remains unattributed, the complete mandibular second molar (GA 2) represents the largest Paranthropus robustus Broom, 1938 tooth identified to date. While subsequent excavations and research at Gondolin has clarified the geological, temporal, taphonomic, and palaeoecologic context for the in situ deposits, this paper presents the first comprehensive description of the fossil assemblage 'associated' with the two ex situ hominins. Analysis of 42 calcified sediment blocks and naturally decalcified sediments excavated from three cubic metres of the Dump A deposits reinforce that the dump contains a heterogeneous aggregation of materials from across the Gondolin sedimentary deposits. A total of 15,250 individual fossil specimens were processed (via sifting or acetic-acid mediated processing of calcified sediment blocks), yielding a faunal record that largely mirrors that described from either (or both) the GD 1 and GD 2 in situ assemblages but includes representatives of four novel mammal groups (Families Cercopithecidae, Felidae, Herpestidae, Giraffidae) not recorded in either in situ sample. While basic assemblage characteristics including primary taphonomic data is presented, analysis and interpretation is limited by the ex situ origin of the sample. Ultimately, these results reinforce that the substantial mining-mediated obliteration of palaeokarstic deposits at Gondolin continue to obscure a clear association between the Gondolin Dump A hominins and any of the sampled and dated in situ deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W. Adams
- Centre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Anthropological Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Robinson C, Terhune CE. Error in geometric morphometric data collection: Combining data from multiple sources. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 164:62-75. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Robinson
- Department of Biological Sciences; Bronx Community College (CUNY); Bronx New York 10453
| | - Claire E. Terhune
- Department of Anthropology; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville Arkansas
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25
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Brzobohatá H, Krajíček V, Horák Z, Velemínská J. Sexual Dimorphism of the Human Tibia through Time: Insights into Shape Variation Using a Surface-Based Approach. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166461. [PMID: 27846265 PMCID: PMC5112946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper we present a three-dimensional (3D) morphometrical assessment of human tibia sexual dimorphism based on whole bone digital representation. To detect shape-size and shape differences between sexes, we used geometric morphometric tools and colour-coded surface deviation maps. The surface-based methodology enabled analysis of sexually dimorphic features throughout the shaft and articular ends of the tibia. The overall study dataset consisted of 183 3D models of adult tibiae from three Czech population subsets, dating to the early medieval (9-10th century) (N = 65), early 20th century (N = 61) and 21st-century (N = 57). The time gap between the chronologically most distant and contemporary datasets was more than 1200 years. The results showed that, in all three datasets, sexual dimorphism was pronounced. There were some sex-dimorphic characteristics common to all three samples, such as tuberosity protrusion, anteriorly bowed shaft and relatively larger articular ends in males. Diachronic comparisons also revealed substantial shape variation related to the most dimorphic area. Male/female distinctions showed a consistent temporal trend regarding the location of dimorphic areas (shifting distally with time), while the maximal deviation between male and female digitized surfaces fluctuated and reached the lowest level in the 21st-century sample. Sex determination on a whole-surface basis yielded the lowest return of correct sex assignment in the 20th-century group, which represented the lowest socioeconomic status. The temporal variation could be attributed to changes in living conditions, the decreasing lower limb loading/labour division in the last 12 centuries having the greatest effect. Overall, the results showed that a surface-based approach is successful for analysing complex long bone geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Brzobohatá
- Department of Prehistorical Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Krajíček
- Department of Software and Computer Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Horák
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zhou J, Pan B, Yang Q, Zhao Y, He L, Lin L, Sun H, Song Y, Yu X, Sun Z, Jiang H. Three-dimensional autologous cartilage framework fabrication assisted by new additive manufactured ear-shaped templates for microtia reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2016; 69:1436-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Adams JW, Rovinsky DS, Herries AIR, Menter CG. Macromammalian faunas, biochronology and palaeoecology of the early Pleistocene Main Quarry hominin-bearing deposits of the Drimolen Palaeocave System, South Africa. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1941. [PMID: 27114884 PMCID: PMC4841245 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drimolen Palaeocave System Main Quarry deposits (DMQ) are some of the most prolific hominin and primate-bearing deposits in the Fossil Hominids of South Africa UNESCO World Heritage Site. Discovered in the 1990s, excavations into the DMQ have yielded a demographically diverse sample of Paranthropus robustus (including DNH 7, the most complete cranium of the species recovered to date), early Homo, Papio hamadryas robinsoni and Cercopithecoides williamsi. Alongside the hominin and primate sample is a diverse macromammalian assemblage, but prior publications have only provided a provisional species list and an analysis of the carnivores recovered prior to 2008. Here we present the first description and analysis of the non-primate macromammalian faunas from the DMQ, including all 826 taxonomically identifiable specimens catalogued from over two decades of excavation. We also provide a biochronological interpretation of the DMQ deposits and an initial discussion of local palaeoecology based on taxon representation.The current DMQ assemblage consists of the remains of minimally 147 individuals from 9 Orders and 14 Families of mammals. The carnivore assemblage described here is even more diverse than established in prior publications, including the identification of Megantereon whitei, Lycyaenops silberbergi, and first evidence for the occurrence of Dinofelis cf. barlowi and Dinofelis aff. piveteaui within a single South African site deposit. The cetartiodactyl assemblage is dominated by bovids, with the specimen composition unique in the high recovery of horn cores and dominance of Antidorcas recki remains. Other cetartiodactyl and perissodactyl taxa are represented by few specimens, as are Hystrix and Procavia; the latter somewhat surprisingly so given their common occurrence at penecontemporaneous deposits in the region. Equally unusual (particularly given the size of the sample) is the identification of single specimens of giraffoid, elephantid and aardvark (Orycteropus cf. afer) that are rarely recovered from regional site deposits. Despite the diversity within the DMQ macromammalian faunas, there are few habitat- or biochronologically-sensitive species that provide specific ecologic or age boundaries for the deposits. Recovered species can only support the non-specific, mixed open-to-closed palaeohabitats around Drimolen that have been reconstructed for the other penecontemporaneous South African palaeokarst deposits. The identified Equus quagga ssp. specimens recovered from the floor of the current excavation (∾−4.5–5 m below datum) suggests that most, if not all the DMQ specimens, were deposited after 2.33 Ma. Simultaneously, the carnivore specimens (D. cf. barlowi, L. silberbergi) suggest earlier Pleistocene (pre- 2.0–1.8 Ma) to maximally 1.6 Ma deposition (D. aff. piveteaui) for most of the DMQ fossil assemblage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Adams
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Douglass S Rovinsky
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andy I R Herries
- The Australian Archaeomagnetism Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Anthropological Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Colin G Menter
- Centre for Anthropological Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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