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Ko EJ, Robert-Guroff M. Dendritic Cells in HIV/SIV Prophylactic and Therapeutic Vaccination. Viruses 2019; 12:v12010024. [PMID: 31878130 PMCID: PMC7019216 DOI: 10.3390/v12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV and SIV) pathogenesis but also play a critical role in orchestrating innate and adaptive vaccine-specific immune responses. Effective HIV/SIV vaccines require strong antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses, cytotoxic activity of CD8 T cells, and neutralizing/non-neutralizing antibody production at mucosal and systemic sites. To develop a protective HIV/SIV vaccine, vaccine regimens including DCs themselves, protein, DNA, mRNA, virus vectors, and various combinations have been evaluated in different animal and human models. Recent studies have shown that DCs enhanced prophylactic HIV/SIV vaccine efficacy by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, improving T cell responses, and recruiting effector cells to target tissues. DCs are also targets for therapeutic HIV/SIV vaccines due to their ability to reverse latency, present antigen, and augment T and B cell immunity. Here, we review the complex interactions of DCs over the course of HIV/SIV prophylactic and therapeutic immunizations, providing new insights into development of advanced DC-targeted HIV/SIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-J.K.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: (E.-J.K.); (M.R.-G.)
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2
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Plaisance-Bonstaff K, Faia C, Wyczechowska D, Jeansonne D, Vittori C, Peruzzi F. Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31885371 DOI: 10.3791/59967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a major health concern despite the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the mid-1990s. While antiretroviral therapy efficiently lowers systemic viral load and restores normal CD4+ T cell counts, it does not reconstitute a completely functional immune system. A dysfunctional immune system in HIV-infected individuals undergoing cART may be characterized by immune activation, early aging of immune cells, or persistent inflammation. These conditions, along with comorbid factors associated with HIV infection, add complexity to the disease, which cannot be easily reproduced in cellular and animal models. To investigate the molecular events underlying immune dysfunction in these patients, a system to culture and manipulate human primary monocytes in vitro is presented here. Specifically, the protocol allows for the culture and transfection of primary CD14+ monocytes obtained from HIV-infected individuals undergoing cART as well as from HIV-negative controls. The method involves isolation, culture, and transfection of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. While commercially available kits and reagents are employed, the protocol provides important tips and optimized conditions for successful adherence and transfection of monocytes with miRNA mimics and inhibitors as well as with siRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlie Plaisance-Bonstaff
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center;
| | - Celeste Faia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
| | | | - Duane Jeansonne
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
| | - Cecilia Vittori
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center;
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3
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Márquez-Coello M, Montes de Oca Arjona M, Martín-Aspas A, Guerrero Sánchez F, Fernández-Gutiérrez Del Álamo C, Girón-González JA. Antiretroviral therapy partially improves the abnormalities of dendritic cells and lymphoid and myeloid regulatory populations in recently infected HIV patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11654. [PMID: 31406185 PMCID: PMC6690933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of antiretroviral therapy on plasmacytoid (pDC) and myeloid (mDC) dendritic cells as well as regulatory T (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor (MDSC) cells in HIV-infected patients. Forty-five HIV-infected patients (20 of them with detectable HIV load −10 recently infected and 10 chronically infected patients-, at baseline and after antiretroviral therapy, and 25 with undetectable viral loads) and 20 healthy controls were studied. The influence of HIV load, bacterial translocation (measured by 16S rDNA and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) and immune activation markers (interleukin –IL- 6, soluble CD14, activated T cells) was analyzed. The absolute numbers and percentages of pDC and mDC were significantly increased in patients. Patients with detectable viral load exhibited increased intracellular expression of IL-12 by mDCs and interferon -IFN- α by pDCs. Activated population markers were elevated, and the proportion of Tregs was significantly higher in HIV-infected patients. The MDSC percentage was similar in patients and controls, but the intracellular expression of IL-10 was significantly higher in patients. The achievement of undetectable HIV load after therapy did not modify bacterial translocation parameters, but induce an increase in pDCs, mDCs and MDSCs only in recently infected patients. Our data support the importance of early antiretroviral therapy to preserve dendritic and regulatory cell function in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Márquez-Coello
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Montserrat Montes de Oca Arjona
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Andrés Martín-Aspas
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisca Guerrero Sánchez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - José A Girón-González
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.
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4
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Iannetta M, Savinelli S, Rossi R, Mascia C, Marocco R, Vita S, Zuccalà P, Zingaropoli MA, Mengoni F, Massetti AP, Falciano M, d'Ettorre G, Ciardi MR, Mastroianni CM, Vullo V, Lichtner M. Myeloid and lymphoid activation markers in AIDS and non-AIDS presenters. Immunobiology 2018; 224:231-241. [PMID: 30522891 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
HIV infection is characterized by a state of chronic activation of the immune system, which is not completely reversed by antiretroviral treatment (ART). The aim of this study was to assess myeloid and lymphoid activation markers during HIV infection, before and one year after ART initiation, in AIDS and non-AIDS presenters. Treatment naïve HIV positive patients were enrolled in this study. Myeloid dendritic cell (mDC), plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC), slanDC, monocyte and T-lymphocyte cell counts and activation status, were assessed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood samples. Soluble (s)CD14 and sCD163 were assessed in plasma samples using ELISA assays. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism and Minitab Express. Thirty-four ART naïve HIV-1 infected subjects were enrolled in this study (22 non-AIDS and 12 AIDS presenters). Seventeen healthy donors (HD) were included as control group. Although circulating mDC levels resulted unchanged, HLA-DR expression was decreased on mDCs of HIV positive subjects compared to HD (p < 0,0001). AIDS presenters showed the lowest level of expression of HLA-DR on mDCs. Circulating levels of pDCs were decreased in HIV patients compared to HD (p < 0,001), without any changes in HLA-DR expression. SlanDC cell counts were extremely reduced in AIDS presenters, compared to non-AIDS presenters and HD (p < 0,01 and p < 0,0001, respectively) and showed higher HLA-DR expression in HIV patients compared to HD (p < 0,01). Intermediate monocyte (IM) cell counts were increased in AIDS and non-AIDS presenters compared to HD (p < 0,001 and p < 0,001 respectively). Furthermore, IM expansion was directly correlated to HIV viral load (p = 0,036) and independent from CD4 cell counts and activation levels. Plasma concentrations of sCD14 and sCD163 resulted increased in HIV infected subjects compared to HD (p < 0,0001 and p < 0,001), with the highest levels observed in AIDS presenters. After 1 year, ART was able to increase pDC and decrease IM absolute cell counts and modify HLA-DR expression on mDCs and slanDCs, approaching the levels observed in HD. ART reduced also CD4 and CD8 activation levels. In conclusion, in untreated HIV infected subjects circulating dendritic cells resulted altered either in numbers or in HLA-DR expression, especially in AIDS presenters. IM absolute counts were equally increased in AIDS and non-AIDS presenters. ART was able to reduce myeloid and lymphoid inflammation in both advanced and non-advanced HIV patients, confirming the role of ART in hampering disease progression and immune activation associated non-AIDS events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Iannetta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Savinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rossi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Mascia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Marocco
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Via Canova, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Serena Vita
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Via Canova, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Paola Zuccalà
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Zingaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Mengoni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Massetti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falciano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Lichtner
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Via Canova, 04100, Latina, Italy
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5
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Yaseen MM, Abuharfeil NM, Yaseen MM, Shabsoug BM. The role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils during HIV-1 infection. Arch Virol 2017; 163:1-21. [PMID: 28980078 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well-recognized that human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) mainly targets CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Nonetheless, during the past three decades, a huge number of studies have reported that HIV-1 can directly or indirectly target other cellular components of the immune system including CD8+ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), among others. PMNs are the most abundant leukocytes in the human circulation, and are known to play principal roles in the elimination of invading pathogens, regulating different immune responses, healing of injured tissues, and maintaining mucosal homeostasis. Until recently, little was known about the impact of HIV-1 infection on PMNs as well as the impact of PMNs on HIV-1 disease progression. This is because early studies focused on neutropenia and recurrent microbial infections, particularly, during advanced disease. However, recent studies have extended the investigation area to cover new aspects of the interactions between HIV-1 and PMNs. This review aims to summarize these advances and address the impact of HIV-1 infection on PMNs as well as the impact of PMNs on HIV-1 disease progression to better understand the pathophysiology of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil
- Applied Biological Sciences, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Mahmoud Yaseen
- Public Health, College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Barakat Mohammad Shabsoug
- Chemical Sciences, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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6
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Increased expression of negative regulators of cytokine signaling during chronic HIV disease cause functionally exhausted state of dendritic cells. Cytokine 2017; 91:118-123. [PMID: 28056393 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of functional impairment of dendritic cells (DCs) during chronic HIV-1 infection are not well understood. In order to understand this phenomenon, we aimed to study the expression of negative regulators of cytokine signaling and correlate with DC exhaustion during chronic HIV-1 disease. Monocyte-derived DCs (mo-DCs) from 27 HIV-1 infected patients (CD4+ T-cell counts: 429±44 cells/μL, plasma viral load: Log103.9±1.0copies/ml) and 19 healthy controls (HCs) were stimulated ex vivo with TLR4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 2days to evaluate their functional fitness. The expression of a set of genes associated with cytokine signaling was evaluated in a custom designed PCR array by Real-Time PCR. The mo-DCs from HIV-1 infected patients depicted functional exhaustion as evident by decreased allo-stimulation index (mean±SD: 10±6 vs. 24±16) (p<0.05), decreased cytokine production (pg/ml) (IL-12: 4.6±16 vs. 25±85; TNF-α: 128±279 vs. 286±544; IL-10: 6±12 vs. 13±20; IL-8: 10,688±11,748 vs. 17,470±125,049) and retained endocytosis (1.1±0.3 vs. 1.0±0.29) (p<0.05) even after LPS-stimulation, as compared to HCs. Significantly upregulated expression of SOCS-1 (mean±SD fold change: 2.2±2vs.0.8±0.6), SOCS-3 (6.3±7.4vs.1.4±0.4), PIAS-1 (1.6±0.1vs.1.0±0.3) and SHP-1 (0.8±0.4vs.0.4±0.2) correlated positively with PD-L1 expression in these DCs (Spearman's coefficient, SOCS-1: 0.63, SOCS-3: 1.0 and PIAS-1: 0.7) (p<0.05). The expression of these molecules trended positively with plasma viral load and negatively with CD4+ T-cell counts. These findings suggest that the upregulation of negative regulatory factors during chronic HIV disease have profound down-modulatory effects on DC functions and establishment of an overall exhausted state. Understanding mechanisms causing upregulation of these factors may lead to the design of new generation therapeutics based on silencing of their gene expression.
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7
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Singh SK, Andersson AM, Ellegård R, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A, Larsson M, Stendahl O, Blomgran R. HIV Interferes with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen Presentation in Human Dendritic Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3083-3093. [PMID: 27746182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HIV coinfection is the most prominent risk factor for progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection into active tuberculosis (TB) disease. The mechanisms behind the increased transition from latent to active TB in coinfected individuals have not been well elucidated at the cellular level. We hypothesized that HIV infection contributes to Mtb pathogenesis by interfering with the dendritic cell (DC)-mediated immune control. Mtb-antigen processing and presentation are key events in the immune response against TB. Human immature DCs coinfected with HIV/Mtb had decreased expression of human leukocyte antigen antigen D related and the costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86. In addition, Mtb-infected DCs triggered a significant release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas coinfected DCs did not. To assess the DC antigen presentation capacity, we measured interferon-γ from co-cultures of DCs and autologous Mtb antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Interferon-γ release was significantly reduced when purified protein derivative- and Ag85B-specific CD4+ T cells had been activated with coinfected DCs compared to Mtb-infected DCs, and this effect was attributed to Mtb antigen processing rather than peptide-major histocompatibility complex class II loading. Evaluating autophagy as a measure of vesicular processing and maturation further revealed that HIV efficiently blocks initiation of this pathway during coinfection. Overall, our results demonstrate that HIV impairs Mtb antigen presentation in DCs, thereby suppressing an important cell linking innate and adaptive immune response in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita K Singh
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rada Ellegård
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Marie Larsson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olle Stendahl
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Blomgran
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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