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Goswami P, Singh V, Koch B. Mitochondria mediated inhibitory effect of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (L.) flower extract against breast adenocarcinoma and T-cell lymphoma: An in vitro and in vivo study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118537. [PMID: 38992400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The flowers of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (L.) heals mouth ulcers. Its tinctures promote gastric secretions, and improve lung expectoration when taken orally. It has traditionally been used to treats scabies and other skin problems. The leaves of NAT(L.) plant are used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat sciatica, chronic fever, rheumatism, internal worm infections, and as a laxative, diaphoretic, and diuretic. The bark used in treatment of snakebite and bronchitis. In addition to traditional uses, pharmacologically this plant has potent antimalarial, antiarthritic, anticancer and antidiabetic activity. However, the mechanistic antiproliferative potentials of NAT(L.) flower as anticancer therapeutics has not yet been explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study is based on a broad range of scientific literature that highlights the nutritional and therapeutic benefits of NAT (L.). Present investigation was carried out to determine the therapeutic efficacy of NAT (L.) against breast adenocarcinoma cells and T-cell lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethyl-acetate extract of NAT(L.) was tested against breast cancer cells to assess the anticancer potential. To evaluate apoptosis, intracellular ROS levels and mitochondrial dynamics, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were employed. Additionally, cell cycle analysis and western blotting were also performed. Furthermore, in vivo antitumor efficacy of flower extracts was investigated in T-cell lymphoma-bearing BALB/c mice model. RESULTS Our present study revealed that NAT (L.) exert anticancer activity against breast cancer cells effectively at IC50 320 μg/ml while having less impact on normal cells with IC50 more than 480 μg/ml. Fluorescence imaging showed that NAT (L.) treatment elicits a concentration-dependent rise in the occurrence of apoptotic cell deaths with altered mitochondrial dynamics and was subsequently confirmed by flow cytometry. Further, flow cytometric analysis delineates ethyl acetate flower extract exposure promotes arrest of cells in S phase of the cell cycle. The differential expression of apoptotic proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved PARP-1, cleaved caspase 3, Cytochrome-c, p53 and VEGF A were influenced by NAT (L.) treatment. The in vivo antitumor activity study delineates that NAT(L.) therapy significantly increased the life span of T-cell lymphoma bearing mice while reducing tumor load and belly size growth pattern without causing significant other distinct side effects as evident by histopathological studies. CONCLUSION Our current findings unveil that NAT(L.) ethyl acetate flower extract potentially induces mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, promote cell cycle arrest, reduces tumor load of mice, enhances survivability and could be a promising agent against the triple negative breast cancer and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Goswami
- Genotoxicology and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Genotoxicology and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Biplob Koch
- Genotoxicology and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Wu Q, Gao X, Lin Y, Wu C, Zhang J, Chen M, Wen J, Wu Y, Tian K, Bao W, Sun P, Zhu A. Integrating Epigenetics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics to Reveal the Involvement of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Oridonin-Induced Reproductive Toxicity. TOXICS 2024; 12:339. [PMID: 38787118 PMCID: PMC11126149 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Oridonin is the primary active component in the traditional Chinese medicine Rabdosia rubescens, displaying anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antibacterial effects. It is widely employed in clinical therapy for acute and chronic pharyngitis, tonsillitis, as well as bronchitis. Nevertheless, the clinical application of oridonin is significantly restricted due to its reproductive toxicity, with the exact mechanism remaining unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of oridonin-induced damage to HTR-8/SVneo cells. Through the integration of epigenetics, proteomics, and metabolomics methodologies, the mechanisms of oridonin-induced reproductive toxicity were discovered and confirmed through fluorescence imaging, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting. Experimental findings indicated that oridonin altered m6A levels, gene and protein expression levels, along with metabolite levels within the cells. Additionally, oridonin triggered oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, leading to a notable decrease in WNT6, β-catenin, CLDN1, CCND1, and ZO-1 protein levels. This implied that the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and disruption of tight junction might be attributed to the cytotoxicity induced by oridonin and mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately resulting in damage to HTR-8/SVneo cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Wu
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children’s Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children’s Hospital), Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xinyue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yifan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Caijin Wu
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children’s Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children’s Hospital), Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jiaxin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yajiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Kun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenqiang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Pengming Sun
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children’s Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children’s Hospital), Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - An Zhu
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Li Y, Wang X, Chen YH, Tan QQ, Liu XB, Tan C. Clusterin is upregulated by erastin, a ferroptosis inducer and exerts cytoprotective effects in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:227-236. [PMID: 38085677 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death, which is distinguished from apoptosis and necrosis, and characterized by accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an iron-dependent manner. Erastin, a small molecule, was widely reported to trigger ferroptosis in various kinds of cancer cells, including pancreatic cancer cells by inducing ROS accumulation. However, how erastin treatment exerts cytotoxicity is not still fully understood. In this study, the effects of erastin in causing pancreatic cancer cell death via inducing ferroptosis and apoptosis are investigated. As expected, erastin treatment caused ROS accumulation, increase in iron concentration and non-apoptotic cell death, which is different from that of induced by apoptosis inducer, staurosporine. Interestingly, erastin treatment caused the upregulation of clusterin, which contributes to the regulation of malignant behaviors of pancreatic cancer, including preventing apoptosis and inducing chemoresistance. Without erastin treatment, overexpressed clusterin significantly promoted cell proliferation, which is consistent with its cytoprotective roles. After erastin treatment, overexpressed clusterin decreased erastin-induced ROS accumulation and cell death. By measuring iron concentration, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), it is revealed that clusterin caused resistance to erastin-induced ferroptosis potentially via maintaining the enzymatic activity of GPX4, without disturbing GSH amount. Thus, ferroptosis inducer, erastin, may crosstalk with apoptotic cell death via regulating clusterin, indicating a more complex regulatory network between ferroptosis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Li
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yu F, Chang J, Li J, Li Z, Li Z, Zhang H, Liu Q. Protective effects of oridonin against osteoporosis by regulating immunity and activating the Wnt3a/β-catenin/VEGF pathway in ovariectomized mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110011. [PMID: 36924567 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed with the aim of investigating the effect of oridonin (ORI) on estrogen deprivation-induced osteoporosis in mice and its mechanism. Animal experiments were used in this work to validate the anti-osteoporotic efficacy of ORI. Morphometric analysis was performed by micro-CT. A special protein meter was used to detect the content of immunoglobulin lgM, immunoglobulin lgG, complement C3 and C4 in the serum of mice. The expression of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cell and CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte subsets in mice was detected by flow cytometry. ELISA was used to detect the content of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, key signaling molecules in the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway were detected by Western blotting. The results showed that compared with the model group, the contents of calcium and phosphorus in the femurs of mice in the ORI groups were increased, and the spleen coefficient was decreased. The ALP activity in the serum of mice in the high and medium dose ORI groups was decreased, and the uterine coefficient was increased. ORI significantly increased the maximum bending load and the maximum bending stress of the femurs of mice, increased the number of trabeculae, and repaired the bone microstructure. At the same time, ORI could significantly increase the levels of immunoglobulin (lgG and lgM) and complement (C3 and C4), increase the activity of peritoneal macrophages in mice, increase the expression of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and CD4+/CD8+ in the spleen, increase the content of IGF-1, reduce the content of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 and increase the expression levels of VEGF, Wnt3a, p-GSK3β/GSK3β and β-catenin/Lamin in the femoral tissue. These results indicated that ORI might regulate the expression of VEGF through the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway, improve the immunity of mice, maintain the balance of the immune system, and promote angiogenesis, thereby improving the bone mineral density and bone tissue morphology of mice and playing an anti-osteoporotic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiu Yu
- Basic Medical College, Shandong First Medical University & Shangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Jin Chang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Jinglei Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taian Disabled Soldiers' Hospital of Shandong Province, No. 123, Taishan Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Road, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Road, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Road, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Road, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271000, China.
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Zhang L, Pan K, Huang S, Zhang X, Zhu X, He Y, Chen X, Tang Y, Yuan L, Yu D. Graphdiyne Oxide-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Boosts Enhancive T-Cell Immune Responses by Increasing Cellular Stiffness. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:797-812. [PMID: 36814858 PMCID: PMC9939947 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s392998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nanomaterial-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been commonly used for the treatment of cancerous tumors. Despite significant achievements made in this field, the intrinsic impact of nanomaterials-based PDT on the mechanical properties of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells is not entirely understood. Here, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure the stiffness of OSCC cells subjected to PDT in co-culture systems to evaluate the T cell-mediated cancer cell-killing effects. Methods In this study, AFM was used to assess the stiffness of PDT-subjected cells. The phototoxicity of graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), measurements of membrane cholesterol levels, and assessments of the F-actin cytoskeleton. A co-culture system was used to evaluate the effects of CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), demonstrating how PDT modulates the mechanical properties of cancer cells and activates T cell responses. The antitumor immunotherapeutic effect of GDYO was further evaluated in a murine xenograft model. Results GDYO increased the mechanical stiffness of tumor cells and augmented T-cell cytotoxicity and inflammatory cytokine secretion (IFN-γ and TNF-α) under laser in vitro. Furthermore, GDYO-based PDT exerted inhibitory effects on OSCC models and elicited antitumor immune responses via specific cytotoxic T cells. Conclusion These results highlight that GDYO is a promising candidate for OSCC therapy, shifting the mechanical forces of OSCC cells and breaking through the barriers of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Our study provides a novel perspective on nanomaterial-based antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejia Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuangwu Pan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiliu Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Tang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Yuan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Dongsheng Yu, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Zani AP, Zani CP, Din ZU, Rodrigues-Filho E, Ueda-Nakamura T, Garcia FP, de Oliveira Silva S, Nakamura CV. Dibenzylideneacetone Induces Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Cells through Ros-Mediated Mitochondrial Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020317. [PMID: 36829876 PMCID: PMC9952489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a health problem among women worldwide. Considering the limitations of prevention and antineoplastic chemotherapy against cervical cancer, research is needed to discover new, more effective, and safe antitumor agents. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity of a new synthetic dibenzylideneacetone derived from 1,5-diaryl-3-oxo-1,4-pentadienyl (A3K2A3) against cervical cancer cells immortalized by HPV 16 (SiHa), and 18 (HeLa) by MTT assay. Furthermore, we performed spectrofluorimetry, flow cytometry, and Western blot analyzes to explore the inhibitory mechanism of A3K2A3 in cervical cancer cells. A3K2A3 showed cytotoxic activity against both cell lines. Mitochondrial depolarization and reduction in intracellular ATP levels were observed, which may be dependent on the redox imbalance between increased ROS and reduced levels of the antioxidant defense. In addition, damage to the cell membrane and DNA, and effective blocking of cell division in the G2/M phase were detected, which possibly led to the induction of apoptosis. This result was further confirmed by the upregulation of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, cytochrome C, and caspases 9 and 3. Our results provided the first evidence that A3K2A3 contributes to the suppression of cervical cancer in vitro, showing promise as a possible alternative for the treatment of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Pinto Zani
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá CEP 87020-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Caroline Pinto Zani
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá CEP 87020-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Zia Ud Din
- LaBioMMi, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, CP 676, São Carlos CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Rodrigues-Filho
- LaBioMMi, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, CP 676, São Carlos CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá CEP 87020-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Francielle Pelegrin Garcia
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá CEP 87020-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Sueli de Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá CEP 87020-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá CEP 87020-900, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(044)-3011-5012; Fax: +55-(044)-3011-5046
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Barreto-Diaz MA, Velázquez-Aponte RA, Wu-Wu A, Cassé C. Hormetic effect of an Ethanolic Graviola Leaf Extract on HGF-1 cells survival. BAOJ CANCER RESEARCH & THERAPY 2022; 6:1005. [PMID: 37547131 PMCID: PMC10403259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-extracted compounds have been used for centuries in traditional pharmacopeia. Some of them have proven to be excellent drug alternatives for cancer treatment as they target metabolic pathways that are key to cancer cells such as apoptosis, energy-producing catabolic pathways, and the response to oxidative stress. Since some anticancer drugs have been shown to produce dose dependent biologically opposite effects, it is crucial to determine the range of doses for which the compounds have maximum therapeutic benefits. Annona muricata or Graviola is a tropical tree that is common in the Puerto Rican landscape. Although a plethora of studies conducted in vitro and in vivo studies have indeed reported that extracts prepared from the Graviola root, fruit, bark, and leaves possess antiproliferative activities in a large variety of cancer cells, the efficiency of Graviola extracts to curb the progression of head and neck cancers has been overlooked. Furthermore, the bioactivity of Graviola extracts on sane/non-cancerous cells has largely been ignored. The present work reports the in vitro antiproliferative/anticancer behavior of an ethanolic Graviola leaf extract on squamous cell carcinoma cell lines 9 and 25 vs. a sane/non-cancerous human gingival fibroblast cell line-1. Our results show that the Graviola extract induces cell death in the squamous cell carcinoma cell lines at all concentrations tested and a dose-dependent biphasic concentration-dependent/hormetic effect on the fibroblastic cells. This suggests that, at low doses, the phytochemicals present in the prepared Graviola extract could offer potential therapeutic avenues for curbing the progression of head and neck cancers.
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Liu J, Fan S, Xiang Y, Xia J, Jin H, Xu JF, Yang F, Cai J, Pi J. Nanoscale Features of Gambogic Acid Induced ROS-Dependent Apoptosis in Esophageal Cancer Cells Imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy. SCANNING 2022; 2022:1422185. [PMID: 35937670 PMCID: PMC9337977 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1422185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gambogic acid (GA), a kind of polyprenylated xanthone derived from Garcinia hanburyi tree, has showed spectrum anticancer effects both in vitro and in vivo with low toxicity. However, up to now, there is little information about the effects of GA on esophageal cancer. In this study, we aim to test the anticancer effects of GA on esophageal cancer EC9706 cells. We established a nanoscale imaging method based on AFM to evaluate the reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) mediated anticancer effects of GA on esophageal cancer regarding the morphological and ultrastructural changes of esophageal cancer cells. The obtained results demonstrated that GA could inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, induce cell cycle arrest, and induce mitochondria membrane potential disruption in a ROS-dependent way. And using AFM imaging, we also found that GA could induce the damage of cellular morphology and increase of membrane height distribution and membrane roughness in EC9706 cells, which could be reversed by the removal of GA-induced excessive intracellular ROS. Our results not only demonstrated the anticancer effects of GA on EC9706 cells in ROS-dependent mechanism but also strongly suggested AFM as a powerful tool for the detection of ROS-mediated cancer cell apoptosis on the basis of imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Shuhao Fan
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yinhong Xiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xia
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jun-fa Xu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Pi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Zhou B, Hao Y, Wang Z, Wei P, Du L, Xia Q. Dynamical and noninvasive monitoring of curcumin effect on the changes in the viscoelasticity of human breast cancer cells: A novel model to assess cell apoptosis. Talanta 2022; 236:122899. [PMID: 34635272 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A real-time quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) cytosensor was first developed for dynamical and noninvasive monitoring of cell viscoelasticity for evaluation of apoptosis degree. In this work, human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were employed as cell model and respectively captured on the surface of QCM electrode modified with mercaptosuccinic acid and poly-l-lysine. Cell viscoelasticity was measured dynamically by real-time monitoring energy dissipation with QCM, and the dynamic diagram of the energy dissipation of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with curcumin was first obtained. The results displayed that the changes of energy dissipation in MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells were 8.81 × 10-6 and 5.29 × 10-6, particularly due to the difference in cell viscoelasticity. Furthermore, curcumin was used to induce cell apoptosis and suppress energy dissipation of MDA-MB-231 cells. Combining apoptosis assay with QCM measurement, the results revealed good linear relationship between cell viscoelasticity inhibition and apoptosis rate with correlation coefficient R = 0.9908. The QCM cytosensor could rapidly, accurately, dynamically, and noninvasively monitor the changes of cell viscoelasticity for evaluation of apoptosis degree in MDA-MB-231 cells. The study established a new model for cell apoptosis assessment, facilitating understanding of the mechanisms of cell apoptosis on the aspect of mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, PR China.
| | - Yan Hao
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Immunology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, PR China
| | - Pei Wei
- Department of Immunology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, PR China
| | - Lianfeng Du
- Department of Immunology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, PR China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Immunology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, PR China
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Guo X, Li Z, Liu S, Zhang M, Guan Y, Qin J, Li X, Zhang B, Tang J. Studying the effect of PDA@CeO 2 nanoparticles with antioxidant activity on the mechanical properties of cells. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9204-9212. [PMID: 34698747 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01918j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Studying the influence of nanomaterials on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cells is essential to guide the biological applications of nanomaterials. In this article, the effects of the first synthesized PDA@CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with multiple ROS scavenging activities on cell ultra-morphology and mechanical properties were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). After the cells were exposed to PDA@CeO2 NPs, there was no obvious change in cell morphology, but the Young's modulus of the cells was increased. On the contrary, after the cells were damaged by H2O2, the secreted molecules appeared on the cell surface, and the Young's modulus was decreased significantly. However, PDA@CeO2 NPs could effectively inhibit the reduction of the Young's modulus caused by oxidative stress damage. PDA@CeO2 NPs could also protect F-actin from oxidative stress damage and maintain the stability of the cytoskeleton. This work investigates the intracellular antioxidant mechanism of nanomaterials from the changes in the microstructure and biomechanics of living cells, providing a new analytical approach to explore the biological effects of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zongjia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Sitong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Yanxue Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Juan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Bailin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jilin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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Adami BS, Diz FM, Oliveira Gonçalves GP, Reghelin CK, Scherer M, Dutra AP, Papaléo RM, de Oliveira JR, Morrone FB, Wieck A, Xavier LL. Morphological and mechanical changes induced by quercetin in human T24 bladder cancer cells. Micron 2021; 151:103152. [PMID: 34607251 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid found in a great variety of foods such as vegetables and fruits. This compound has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of various types of cancer cells, as well as the growth of tumors in animal models. In the present study, we analyze morphological and mechanical changes produced by quercetin in T24 bladder cancer cells. Decreased cell viability and cell number were observed following quercetin treatment at 40 μM and 60 μM, respectively, as observed by the MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion test, supporting the hypothesis of quercetin anticancer effect. These assays also allowed us to determine the 40, 60, and 80 μM quercetin concentrations for the following analyses, Lactate Dehydrogenase assay (LDH); Nuclear Morphometric Analysis (NMA); and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The LDH assay showed no cytotoxic effect of quercetin on T24 cancer cells. The AFM showed morphological changes following quercetin treatment, namely decreased cell body, cytoplasmic retraction, and membrane condensation. Following quercetin treatment, the NMA evidenced an increased percentage of nuclei characteristic to the apoptotic and senescence processes. Cells also presented biophysical alterations consistent with cell death by apoptosis, as increased roughness and aggregation of membrane proteins, in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular elasticity, obtained through force curves, showed increased stiffness after quercetin treatment. Data presented herein demonstrate, for the first time, in a quantitative and qualitative form, the morphological and mechanical alterations induced by quercetin on bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Silveira Adami
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Mendonça Diz
- Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Tecnologia de Materiais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petry Oliveira Gonçalves
- Laboratório Central de Microscopia e Microanálise (LabCeMM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Camille Kirinus Reghelin
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Scherer
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Artur Pereira Dutra
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Meurer Papaléo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Nanociências e Micro-Nanotecnologia - NanoPUCRS, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bueno Morrone
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Andrea Wieck
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil; Laboratório Central de Microscopia e Microanálise (LabCeMM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
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Li X, Zhang CT, Ma W, Xie X, Huang Q. Oridonin: A Review of Its Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:645824. [PMID: 34295243 PMCID: PMC8289702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.645824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oridonin, as a natural terpenoids found in traditional Chinese herbal medicine Isodon rubescens (Hemsl.) H.Hara, is widely present in numerous Chinese medicine preparations. The purpose of this review focuses on providing the latest and comprehensive information on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of oridonin, to excavate the therapeutic potential and explore promising ways to balance toxicity and efficacy of this natural compound. Information concerning oridonin was systematically collected from the authoritative internet database of PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library and Europe PMC applying a combination of keywords involving "pharmacology," "pharmacokinetics," and "toxicology". New evidence shows that oridonin possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatorenal activities as well as cardioprotective protective activities and so on. Although significant advancement has been witnessed in this field, some basic and intricate issues still exist such as the specific mechanism of oridonin against related diseases not being clear. Moreover, several lines of evidence indicated that oridonin may exhibit adverse effects, even toxicity under specific circumstances, which sparked intense debate and concern about security of oridonin. Based on the current progress, future research directions should emphasize on 1) investigating the interrelationship between concentration and pharmacological effects as well as toxicity, 2) reducing pharmacological toxicity, and 3) modifying the structure of oridonin-one of the pivotal approaches to strengthen pharmacological activity and bioavailability. We hope that this review can provide some inspiration for the research of oridonin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan-Tao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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13
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Bell KJ, Lansakara TI, Crawford R, Monroe TB, Tivanski AV, Salem AK, Stevens LL. Mechanical cues protect against silica nanoparticle exposure in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 70:105031. [PMID: 33075489 PMCID: PMC7877221 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The increasing appearance of engineered nanomaterials in broad biomedical and industrial sectors poses an escalating health concern from unintended exposure with unknown consequences. Routine in vitro assessments of nanomaterial toxicity are a vital component to addressing these mounting health concerns; however, despite the known role of cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts in governing cell survival, these physical interactions are generally ignored. Herein, we demonstrate that exposure to amorphous silica particles destabilizes mitochondrial membrane potential, stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and promotes cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma through mechanisms that are potently matrix dependent, with SH-SY5Y cells plated on the softest matrix displaying a near complete recovery in viability compared to dose-matched cells plated on tissue-culture plastic. Cells on the softest matrix (3 kPa) further displayed a 50% reduction in ROS production and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. The actin cytoskeleton is mechanosensitive and closely related to ROS production. SH-SY5Y cells exposed to a 100 μg/mL dose of 50 nm silica particles displayed distinct cytoskeletal aberrations and a 70% increase in cell stiffness. Overall, this study establishes that the mechanical environment can significantly impact silica nanoparticle toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The mechanobiochemical mechanisms behind this regulation, which are initiated at the cell-matrix interface to adjust cytoskeletal structure and intracellular tension, demand specific attention for a comprehensive understanding of nanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra J Bell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
| | - Thiranjeewa I Lansakara
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, United States of America
| | - Rachel Crawford
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
| | - T Blake Monroe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
| | - Alexei V Tivanski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, United States of America
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
| | - Lewis L Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America.
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14
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Oxidative Stress Mediated Cytotoxicity, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis Induced by Rosa damascena in Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6695634. [PMID: 33574980 PMCID: PMC7861940 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6695634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rosa damascena Mill (Damask rose), belonging to the Rosaceae family, is known for medicinal purposes in traditional medicine system. However, its anticancer activity has not been studied yet in detail. Herein, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of R. damascena hexane (RA-HE) and methanolic (RA-ME) extracts against human breast (MCF-7), lung epithelial (A-549), and cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. The RA-HE and RA-ME showed more potent cytotoxic effects against HeLa cells with an IC50 of 819.6 and 198.4 μg/ml, respectively. Further, cytotoxic concentrations of most effective extract (RA-ME) were used to evaluate the mechanism of cytotoxicity involved in HeLa cells. A concentration-dependent induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduction of glutathione (GSH) in HeLa cells treated with 250-1000 μg/ml of RA-ME confirms the association of oxidative stress. We also detected a noteworthy increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level in RA-ME-exposed HeLa cells. Flow cytometric data showed a strong dose-response relationship in cell cycle analysis between subG1 phase in HeLa cells and RA-ME treatment. Similarly, a concentration-dependent increase was recorded with Annexin V assay in HeLa cells going to late apoptosis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that RA-ME-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HeLa cells are mediated by oxidative stress.
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15
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de Oliveira Silva Ribeiro F, de França Dourado F, Silva MFS, Brito LM, Pessoa C, de Lima LRM, de Paula RCM, de Souza de Almeida Leite JR, de Araújo AR, da Silva DA. Anti-proliferative profile of Anacardium occidentale polysaccharide and characterization by AFM. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:981-987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Methyl protodioscin from Polygonatum sibiricum inhibits cervical cancer through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
As a high-resolution imaging technique, AFM has been found to be a novel tool for cell topography and its quantitative imaging. This chapter is focused on the introduction of AFM cell topography and its quantitative imaging, which includes the basic principle of AFM imaging, basic operation modes of AFM imaging, AFM imaging of biological sample, critical tips for AFM cell topography and its quantitative imaging, applications of AFM cell topography and its quantitative imaging, and perspective. We believe that this work will help to promote the technological and methodological developments of AFM cell topography and its quantitative imaging, promoting further application of AFM in cell biology, immunology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Jiang J, Pi J, Jin H, Cai J. Oridonin‐induced mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf pathways. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3736-3746. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Huan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China
| | - Jiang Pi
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Illinois Chicago Illinois
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Illinois Chicago Illinois
| | - Ji‐Ye Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China
- Department of Chemistry Jinan University Guangzhou China
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Oridonin Enhances Radiation-Induced Cell Death by Promoting DNA Damage in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082378. [PMID: 30104472 PMCID: PMC6121891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many attempts have been made to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy to treat cancer, radiation resistance is still an obstacle in lung cancer treatment. Oridonin is a natural compound with promising antitumor efficacy that can trigger cancer cell death; however, its direct cellular targets, efficacy as a radiosensitizer, and underlying mechanisms of activity remain unclear. Herein, we report that oridonin exhibits additive cytotoxic and antitumor activity with radiation using the H460 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. We assessed the effect of oridonin by proliferation, clonogenic, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, and apoptosis assays. In vitro, oridonin enhanced the radiation-induced inhibition of cell growth and clonogenic survival. Oridonin also facilitated radiation-induced ROS production and DNA damage and enhanced apoptotic cell death. In vivo, the combination of oridonin and radiation effectively inhibited H460 xenograft tumor growth, with higher caspase-3 activation and H2A histone family member X (H2AX) phosphorylation compared with that of radiation alone. Our findings suggest that oridonin possesses a novel mechanism to enhance radiation therapeutic responses by increasing DNA damage and apoptosis. In conclusion, oridonin may be a novel small molecule to improve radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Song M, Liu X, Liu K, Zhao R, Huang H, Shi Y, Zhang M, Zhou S, Xie H, Chen H, Li Y, Zheng Y, Wu Q, Liu F, Li E, Bode AM, Dong Z, Lee MH. Targeting AKT with Oridonin Inhibits Growth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro and Patient-Derived Xenografts In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1540-1553. [PMID: 29695636 PMCID: PMC6715294 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression or activation of AKT is very well known to control cell growth, survival, and gene expression in solid tumors. Oridonin, an inflammatory medical and diterpenoid compound isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, has exhibited various pharmacologic and physiologic properties, including antitumor, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we demonstrated that oridonin is an inhibitor of AKT and suppresses proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in vitro and in vivo The role of AKT in ESCC was studied using immuno-histochemical analysis of a tumor microarray, the effect of AKT knockdown on cell growth, and treatment of cells with MK-2206, an AKT inhibitor. Oridonin blocked AKT kinase activity and interacted with the ATP-binding pocket of AKT. It inhibited growth of KYSE70, KYSE410, and KYSE450 esophageal cancer cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Oridonin induced arrest of cells in the G2-M cell-cycle phase, stimulated apoptosis, and increased expression of apoptotic biomarkers, including cleaved PARP, caspase-3, caspase-7, and Bims in ESCC cell lines. Mechanistically, we found that oridonin diminished the phosphorylation and activation of AKT signaling. Furthermore, a combination of oridonin and 5-fluorouracil or cisplatin (clinical chemotherapeutic agents) enhanced the inhibition of ESCC cell growth. The effects of oridonin were verified in patient-derived xenograft tumors expressing high levels of AKT. In summary, our results indicate that oridonin acts as an AKT inhibitor to suppress the growth of ESCC by attenuating AKT signaling. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1540-53. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hai Huang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Man Zhang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Silei Zhou
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Enmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
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Chinese herb medicine matrine induce apoptosis in human esophageal squamous cancer KYSE-150 cells through increasing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting mitochondrial function. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:691-699. [PMID: 29567333 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrine, as a natural alkaloid isolated from the traditional herb medicine sophora flavescens, has been proved to possess excellent biological activities, including anticancer effects. Now, this research aims to assess the anticancer activities and the mechanism of matrine against esophageal cancer cells, we investigated the proliferative inhibition, apoptosis induction, as well as the underlying mechanism of matrine on esophageal cancer KYSE-150 cells. It was found that matrine could suppress KYSE-150 cell proliferation and significantly mediate cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent relation by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species level and triggering mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. More precise mechanism studies demonstrated that matrine could up-regulate the expression of Bax proteins and down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 proteins, as well as the activation about caspase-3, 8 and 9 in KYSE-150 cells. The morphological analysis of KYSE-150 cells exhibited that matrine could destroy the F-actin and nuclei structures and induce morphological damage with increased surface height distribution and roughness of cell membrane. These results not only demonstrated the potential anticancer activity mechanism of matrine at nanoscale, but also provide preliminary guidance for the treatment of esophageal cancer using matrine.
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Liu X, Kang J, Wang H, Huang T. Mitochondrial ROS contribute to oridonin-induced HepG2 apoptosis through PARP activation. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2881-2888. [PMID: 29435014 PMCID: PMC5778846 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oridonin, the main active constituent of Rabdosia rubescens, is known to exert antitumor activity via the induction of apoptosis in numerous types of human cancer cells. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial ROS in oridonin-induced HepG2 apoptosis remain largely unknown, due to limitations of subcellular imaging resolution. Previously, it has been suggested that mitochondria serve a potential role in sensing and signaling cellular redox changes in vital biological processes such as cell death and the abiotic stress response, based on studies involving the mitochondrial-targeted redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (GFP). To address this, a mitochondrial-targeted Grx1-roGFP2 (mtGrx1-roGFP2) biosensor was implemented to monitor real-time mitochondrial redox changes of HepG2 cells in response to either H2O2/DTT or oridonin/SS31 treatment. It was determined that oridonin caused a perturbation in mitochondrial redox status, which in turn contributed to oridonin-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, a novel mechanism underlying the regulation of mitochondrial redox changes in oridonin-induced HepG2 apoptosis, presumably dependent on PARP cleavage, was proposed. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence in support of mitochondrial redox changes as a potential mediator in the apoptotic activities of oridonin in HepG2 cells, which provides insight into the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondrial redox signaling regulates oridonin-induced apoptosis in cancer therapy, and the development of mitochondria-specific oridonin as a promising novel anticancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Huanghe College of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450063, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Huanghe College of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450063, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Huanghe College of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450063, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Huanghe College of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450063, P.R. China
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Su Z, Sun H, Ao M, Zhao C. Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Triptolide on Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2017; 23:1002-1012. [PMID: 28743324 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617012399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used for the in situ evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of triptolide on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) to understand the anti-RA effects of triptolide, based on the morphological and biophysical changes observed in RA-FLS. RA-FLS have been reported to play a primary role in inflammatory bone destruction during the development of RA and thus are regarded as an important target for RA treatment. Triptolide pretreatment significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α-induced expression of the interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 genes in MH7A cells. Using AFM, we showed that triptolide-induced morphological damage in MH7A cells by inducing significant ultrastructure changes in the membrane, which were closely related to triptolide-induced apoptosis in MH7A cells. Using force measurements determined with AFM, triptolide was shown to increase the stiffness of MH7A cells. These findings not only revealed the strong anti-inflammatory effects of triptolide on RA-FLS, highlighting triptolide as a potential anti-RA agent, but also revealed the possible use of AFM for studying anti-inflammatory responses in RA-FLS, which we expect to be developed into a potential tool for anti-RA drug studies in RA-FLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Su
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Han Sun
- Chengde Nursing Vocational College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Man Ao
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Chunying Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
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24
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Tang B, Wang K, Jia YP, Zhu P, Fang Y, Zhang ZJ, Mao XH, Li Q, Zeng DZ. Fusobacterium nucleatum-Induced Impairment of Autophagic Flux Enhances the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines via ROS in Caco-2 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165701. [PMID: 27828984 PMCID: PMC5102440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) plays a critical role in gastrointestinal inflammation. However, the exact mechanism by which F. nucleatum contributes to inflammation is unclear. In the present study, it was revealed that F. nucleatum could induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Caco-2 colorectal) adenocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, ROS scavengers (NAC or Tiron) could decrease the production of proinflammatory cytokines during F. nucleatum infection. In addition, we observed that autophagy is impaired in Caco-2 cells after F. nucleatum infection. The production of proinflammatory cytokines and ROS induced by F. nucleatum was enhanced with either autophagy pharmacologic inhibitors (3-methyladenine, bafilomycin A1) or RNA interference in essential autophagy genes (ATG5 or ATG12) in Caco-2 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that F. nucleatum-induced impairment of autophagic flux enhances the expression of proinflammatory cytokines via ROS in Caco-2 Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Emei Sanatorium of PLA Rocket Force, Emeishan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin-ping Jia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Fang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu-jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu-hu Mao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (DZZ); (QL)
| | - Dong-Zhu Zeng
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (DZZ); (QL)
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25
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Lee GJ, Lee SH, Lee YJ, Quan FS. Nanostructural characterization of Sf9 cells during virus-like particles generation. SCANNING 2016; 38:735-742. [PMID: 27111226 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sf9 cells (a clonal isolate of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf21 cells) are commonly used to generate recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs). For VLPs generation, Sf9 cells are infected with recombinant baculoviruses (rBV) expressing desired proteins. During rBV infections, Sf9 cells have changes in cell diameters and surface structures. In this study, for the first time, we investigated nanostructural changes of Sf9 cells using atomic force microscopy (AFM) during VLPs generation containing Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein 18 (ROP 18). As results, Sf9 cells were changed to be larger at 2 days after rBV infections. They maintained their sizes and morphologies on day 3 and 4. Based on morphological (perimeter and diameter) and surface roughness (roughness average and root mean square) changes of Sf9 cells observed by AFM, we inferred that these nanostructural changes in Sf9 cell membranes might be due to the production and extrusion of VLPs after rBV infection. Our results suggest that shape and roughness parameters of Sf9 cell morphology and membrane surface by AFM could be very effective for quantitative analysis of VLP production. This study provides important information about structural and mechanochemical properties of Sf9 cells which are closely related with biological function. SCANNING 38:735-742, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Ja Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Hwa Lee
- Department of Medical Zoology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Gao S, Tan H, Zhu N, Gao H, Lv C, Gang J, Ji Y. Oridonin induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2453-60. [PMID: 27082253 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oridonin is one of the most important antitumor active ingredients of Rabdosia rubescens. Recently published studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that oridonin was able to arrest human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells at G2/M phase. However, little is known about inducing apoptosis in gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oridonin on antineoplastic capability of SGC-7901 cells and the detailed molecular mechanism of oridonin-mediated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay while apoptosis induced by oridonin was determined by Hoechst 33342 staining assay and Annexin V/PI double staining assay. Early apoptotic rate was stained by Annexin V/PI and detected by flow cytometry. Apoptosis pathway was analyzed by western blot analysis of Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c and caspase-3 expression. The results showed that oridonin was able to inhibit the SGC-7901 cell proliferation, the 50% growth inhibition (IC50) was 22.74 µM. Oridonin could induce cell apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells and the early apoptotic rates induced by 0, 20, 40, 80 µmol/l oridonin were 1.53±0.67, 3.33±0.29, 84.80±0.82 and 96.43±0.51%, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that oridonin downregulated Bcl-2 protein (the anti-apoptotic factor) and upregulated Bax protein (pro-apoptotic factor), eventually leading to a reduction in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax proteins. Furthermore, oridonin induced the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol and the activation of caspase-3. Taken together, the current study suggested that oridonin induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells via the mitochondrial signal pathway, which may represent one of the major mechanisms of oridonin-mediated apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Gao
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, P.R. China
| | - Huixin Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs of Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, P.R. China
| | - Haiyu Gao
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Lv
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, P.R. China
| | - Jian Gang
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, P.R. China
| | - Yubin Ji
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, P.R. China
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