1
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Ham SY, Kim HS, Jo MJ, Lee JH, Byun Y, Ko GJ, Park HD. Combined Treatment of 6-Gingerol Analog and Tobramycin for Inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0019221. [PMID: 34704784 PMCID: PMC8549756 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00192-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous human pathogen that causes severe infections. Although antibiotics, such as tobramycin, are currently used for infection therapy, their antibacterial activity has resulted in the emergence of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The 6-gingerol analog, a structural derivative of the main component of ginger, is a quorum sensing (QS) inhibitor. However, it has a lower biofilm inhibitory activity than antibiotics and the possibility to cause toxicity in humans. Therefore, novel and more effective approaches for decreasing dosing concentration and increasing biofilm inhibitory activity are required to alleviate P. aeruginosa infections. In this study, a 6-gingerol analog was combined with tobramycin to treat P. aeruginosa infections. The combined treatment of 6-gingerol analog and tobramycin showed strong inhibitory activities on biofilm formation and the production of QS-related virulence factors of P. aeruginosa compared to single treatments. Furthermore, the combined treatment alleviated the infectivity of P. aeruginosa in an insect model using Tenebrio molitor larvae without inducing any cytotoxic effects in human lung epithelial cells. The 6-gingerol analog showed these inhibitory activities at much lower concentrations when used in combination with tobramycin. Adjuvant effects were observed through increased QS-disrupting processes rather than through antibacterial action. In particular, improved RhlR inactivation by this combination is a possible target for therapeutic development in LasR-independent chronic infections. Therefore, the combined treatment of 6-gingerol analog and tobramycin may be considered an effective method for treating P. aeruginosa infections. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen that causes various infectious diseases through quorum-sensing regulation. Although antibiotics are mainly used to treat P. aeruginosa infections, they cause the emergence of resistant bacteria in humans. To compensate for the disadvantages of antibiotics and increase their effectiveness, natural products were used in combination with antibiotics in this study. We discovered that combined treatment with 6-gingerol analog from naturally-derived ginger substances and tobramycin resulted in more effective reductions of biofilm formation and virulence factor production in P. aeruginosa than single treatments. Our findings support the notion that when 6-gingerol analog is combined with tobramycin, the effects of the analog can be exerted at much lower concentrations. Furthermore, its improved LasR-independent RhlR inactivation may serve as a key target for therapeutic development in chronic infections. Therefore, the combined treatment of 6-gingerol analog and tobramycin is suggested as a novel alternative for treating P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Ham
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Shin Kim
- Korean Peninsula Infrastructure Cooperation Team, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Jee Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Deung Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ding L, Wang J, Cai S, Smyth H, Cui Z. Pulmonary biofilm-based chronic infections and inhaled treatment strategies. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120768. [PMID: 34089796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Certain pulmonary diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, are usually accompanied by respiratory tract infections due to the physiological alteration of the lung immunological defenses. Recurrent infections may lead to chronic infection through the formation of biofilms. Chronic biofilm-based infections are challenging to treat using antimicrobial agents. Therefore, effective ways to eradicate biofilms and thus relieve respiratory tract infection require the development of efficacious agents for biofilm destruction, the design of delivery carriers with biofilm-targeting and/or penetrating abilities for these agents, and the direct delivery of them into the lung. This review provides an in-depth description of biofilm-based infections caused by pulmonary diseases and focuses on current existing agents that are administered by inhalation into the lung to treat biofilm, which include i) inhalable antimicrobial agents and their combinations, ii) non-antimicrobial adjuvants such as matrix-targeting enzymes, mannitol, glutathione, cyclosporin A, and iii) liposomal formulations of anti-biofilm agents. Finally, novel agents that have shown promise against pulmonary biofilms as well as traditional and new devices for pulmonary delivery of anti-biofilm agents into the lung are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jieliang Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shihao Cai
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hugh Smyth
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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3
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Carius P, Horstmann JC, de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz C, Lehr CM. Disease Models: Lung Models for Testing Drugs Against Inflammation and Infection. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 265:157-186. [PMID: 33095300 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases have increasingly attracted interest in the past years. The all-known fear of failing treatments against severe pulmonary infections and plans of the pharmaceutical industry to limit research on anti-infectives to a minimum due to cost reasons makes infections of the lung nowadays a "hot topic." Inhalable antibiotics show promising efficacy while limiting adverse systemic effects to a minimum. Moreover, in times of increased life expectancy in developed countries, the treatment of chronic maladies implicating inflammatory diseases, like bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, becomes more and more exigent and still lacks proper treatment.In this chapter, we address in vitro models as well as necessary in vivo models to help develop new drugs for the treatment of various severe pulmonary diseases with a strong focus on infectious diseases. By first presenting the essential hands-on techniques for the setup of in vitro models, we intend to combine these with already successful and interesting model approaches to serve as some guideline for the development of future models. The overall goal is to maximize time and cost-efficacy and to minimize attrition as well as animal trials when developing novel anti-infective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Carius
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Justus C Horstmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cristiane de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany. .,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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4
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Rosenberg CR, Fang X, Allison KR. Potentiating aminoglycoside antibiotics to reduce their toxic side effects. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237948. [PMID: 32877437 PMCID: PMC7467299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of new antibiotics necessitates the improvement of existing ones, many of which are limited by toxic side effects. Aminoglycosides, antibiotics with excellent activity and low bacterial resistance, are hampered by dose-dependent toxic effects in patients (nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity). High antibiotic concentrations are often required to treat dormant, non-dividing bacteria, though previous studies show that aminoglycosides can be activated against such bacteria by specific metabolites. Here, we employed this mechanism to greatly boost the activity of low concentrations of aminoglycosides against prevalent Gram-negative pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae), suggesting that less toxic drug concentrations might be used effectively in patients. We go on to show that this effect improved treatment of biofilms, did not increase aminoglycoside resistance, and was due to the generation of proton-motive force (PMF). By single-cell microscopy, we demonstrate that stationary-phase cells, while non-dividing, actively maintain a growth-arrested state that is not reversed by metabolite addition. Surprisingly, within starved populations, we observed rare cells (3%) that divided without added nutrients. Additionally, we discovered that mannitol could directly protect human kidney cells from aminoglycoside cytotoxicity, independent of the metabolite's effect on bacteria. This work forwards a mechanism-based strategy to improve existing antibiotics by mitigating their toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Rosenberg
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kyle R. Allison
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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5
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Zhou G, Peng H, Wang YS, Huang XM, Xie XB, Shi QS. Enhanced synergistic effects of xylitol and isothiazolones for inhibition of initial biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:255-263. [PMID: 31217374 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms, formed on biotic or abiotic surfaces, can lead to serious environmental or medical problems. Therefore, it is necessary to find novel antimicrobial agents to combat biofilms, or more effective combinations of existing biocides. In this study, initial biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 in the presence of xylitol or xylitol and isothiazolones were determined using crystal violet staining in 96-well microplates and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Xylitol and isothiazolones exhibited enhanced synergistic inhibition of initial biofilm formation, and also the structure and production of extracellular polymeric substances by P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and S. aureus ATCC 6538 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, xylitol and isothiazolones inhibited and restored the swimming motility of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, respectively. These findings show that a combination of xylitol and isothiazolones exerts pronounced antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms and may be applicable for preventing or reducing bacterial biofilms in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
| | - Hong Peng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
| | - Ying-Si Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
| | - Xiao-Mo Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
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6
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Potentiation of Aminoglycoside Lethality by C 4-Dicarboxylates Requires RpoN in Antibiotic-Tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01313-19. [PMID: 31383655 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01313-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic tolerance contributes to the inability of standard antimicrobial therapies to clear the chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections that often afflict patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Metabolic potentiation of bactericidal antibiotics with carbon sources has emerged as a promising strategy to resensitize tolerant bacteria to antibiotic killing. Fumarate (FUM), a C4-dicarboxylate, has been recently shown to resensitize tolerant P. aeruginosa to killing by tobramycin (TOB), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, when used in combination (TOB+FUM). Fumarate and other C4-dicarboxylates are taken up intracellularly by transporters regulated by the alternative sigma factor RpoN. Once in the cell, FUM is metabolized, leading to enhanced electron transport chain activity, regeneration of the proton motive force, and increased TOB uptake. In this work, we demonstrate that a ΔrpoN mutant displays impaired FUM uptake and, consequently, nonsusceptibility to TOB+FUM treatment. RpoN was also found to be essential for susceptibility to other aminoglycoside and C4-dicarboxylate combinations. Importantly, RpoN loss-of-function mutations have been documented to evolve in the CF lung, and these loss-of-function alleles can also result in TOB+FUM nonsusceptibility. In a mixed-genotype population of wild-type and ΔrpoN cells, TOB+FUM specifically killed cells with RpoN function and spared the cells that lacked RpoN function. Unlike C4-dicarboylates, both d-glucose and l-arginine were able to potentiate TOB killing of ΔrpoN stationary-phase cells. Our findings raise the question of whether TOB+FUM will be a suitable treatment option in the future for CF patients infected with P. aeruginosa isolates that lack RpoN function.
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7
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Taouai M, Chakroun K, Sommer R, Michaud G, Giacalone D, Ben Maaouia MA, Vallin-Butruille A, Mathiron D, Abidi R, Darbre T, Cragg PJ, Mullié C, Reymond JL, O'Toole GA, Benazza M. Glycocluster Tetrahydroxamic Acids Exhibiting Unprecedented Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7722-7738. [PMID: 31449405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Opportunistic Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses adhesins (e.g., LecA and LecB lectins, type VI pili and flagella) and iron to invade host cells with the formation of a biofilm, a thick barrier that protects bacteria from drugs and host immune system. Hindering iron uptake and disrupting adhesins' function could be a relevant antipseudomonal strategy. To test this hypothesis, we designed an iron-chelating glycocluster incorporating a tetrahydroxamic acid and α-l-fucose bearing linker to interfere with both iron uptake and the glycan recognition process involving the LecB lectin. Iron depletion led to increased production of the siderophore pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa to counteract the loss of iron uptake, and strong biofilm inhibition was observed not only with the α-l-fucocluster (72%), but also with its α-d-manno (84%), and α-d-gluco (92%) counterparts used as negative controls. This unprecedented finding suggests that both LecB and biofilm inhibition are closely related to the presence of hydroxamic acid groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Taouai
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS) , CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 10 Rue Baudelocque , 80039 Amiens Cédex , France.,Laboratoire LACReSNE, Unité "Interactions Moléculaires Spécifiques", Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , Université de Carthage Zarzouna-Bizerte TN 7021 , Tunisie
| | - Khouloud Chakroun
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS) , CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 10 Rue Baudelocque , 80039 Amiens Cédex , France.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Room 202, Remsen Building 66, College Street , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Roman Sommer
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Gaelle Michaud
- Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Berne , Freistrasse 3 , 3012 Berne , Switzerland
| | - David Giacalone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Room 202, Remsen Building 66, College Street , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Mohamed Amine Ben Maaouia
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS) , CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 10 Rue Baudelocque , 80039 Amiens Cédex , France.,Laboratoire LACReSNE, Unité "Interactions Moléculaires Spécifiques", Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , Université de Carthage Zarzouna-Bizerte TN 7021 , Tunisie
| | - Aurélie Vallin-Butruille
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS) , CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 10 Rue Baudelocque , 80039 Amiens Cédex , France
| | - David Mathiron
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS) , CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 10 Rue Baudelocque , 80039 Amiens Cédex , France
| | - Rym Abidi
- Laboratoire LACReSNE, Unité "Interactions Moléculaires Spécifiques", Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , Université de Carthage Zarzouna-Bizerte TN 7021 , Tunisie
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Berne , Freistrasse 3 , 3012 Berne , Switzerland
| | - Peter J Cragg
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science University of Brighton , Brighton BN2 4GJ , U.K
| | - Catherine Mullié
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS) , CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 10 Rue Baudelocque , 80039 Amiens Cédex , France
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Berne , Freistrasse 3 , 3012 Berne , Switzerland
| | - George A O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Room 202, Remsen Building 66, College Street , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Mohammed Benazza
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS) , CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 10 Rue Baudelocque , 80039 Amiens Cédex , France
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8
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Characterization of a novel regulatory pathway for mannitol metabolism and its coordination with biofilm formation in Mycobacterium smegmatis. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:477-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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9
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Hall CW, Mah TF. Molecular mechanisms of biofilm-based antibiotic resistance and tolerance in pathogenic bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 41:276-301. [PMID: 28369412 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 849] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are surface-attached groups of microbial cells encased in an extracellular matrix that are significantly less susceptible to antimicrobial agents than non-adherent, planktonic cells. Biofilm-based infections are, as a result, extremely difficult to cure. A wide range of molecular mechanisms contribute to the high degree of recalcitrance that is characteristic of biofilm communities. These mechanisms include, among others, interaction of antimicrobials with biofilm matrix components, reduced growth rates and the various actions of specific genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance and tolerance. Alone, each of these mechanisms only partially accounts for the increased antimicrobial recalcitrance observed in biofilms. Acting in concert, however, these defences help to ensure the survival of biofilm cells in the face of even the most aggressive antimicrobial treatment regimens. This review summarises both historical and recent scientific data in support of the known biofilm resistance and tolerance mechanisms. Additionally, suggestions for future work in the field are provided.
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10
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Chanda W, Joseph TP, Padhiar AA, Guo X, Min L, Wang W, Lolokote S, Ning A, Cao J, Huang M, Zhong M. Combined effect of linolenic acid and tobramycin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and quorum sensing. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4328-4338. [PMID: 29104645 PMCID: PMC5658730 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous Gram negative opportunistic pathogen capable of causing severe nosocomial infections in humans, and tobramycin is currently used to treat P. aeruginosa associated lung infections. Quorum sensing regulates biofilm formation which allows the bacterium to result in fatal infections forcing clinicians to extensively use antibiotics to manage its infections leading to emerging multiple drug resistant strains. As a result, tobramycin is also becoming resistant. Despite extensive studies on drug discovery to alleviate microbial drug resistance, the continued microbial evolution has forced researchers to focus on screening various phytochemicals and dietary compounds for antimicrobial potential. Linolenic acid (LNA) is an essential fatty acid that possesses antimicrobial actions on various microorganisms. It was hypothesized that LNA may affect the formation of biofilm on P. aeruginosa and improve the potency of tobramycin. The present study demonstrated that LNA interfered with cell-to-cell communication and reduced virulence factor production. It further enhanced the potency of tobramycin and synergistically inhibited biofilm formation through P. aeruginosa quorum sensing systems. Therefore, LNA may be considered as a potential agent for adjunctive therapy and its utilization may decrease tobramycin concentration in combined treatment thereby reducing aminoglycoside adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Chanda
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 P.R. China
| | - Thomson Patrick Joseph
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 P.R. China
| | - Arshad Ahmed Padhiar
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 P.R. China
| | - Xuefang Guo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 P.R. China
| | - Liu Min
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 P.R. China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 P.R. China
| | - Sainyugu Lolokote
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 P.R. China
| | - Anhong Ning
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Experimental Teaching Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 P.R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Experimental Teaching Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 P.R. China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 P.R. China
| | - Mintao Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 P.R. China
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11
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Crabbé A, Liu Y, Matthijs N, Rigole P, De La Fuente-Nùñez C, Davis R, Ledesma MA, Sarker S, Van Houdt R, Hancock REW, Coenye T, Nickerson CA. Antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation in a three-dimensional lung epithelial model and the influence of fetal bovine serum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43321. [PMID: 28256611 PMCID: PMC5335707 DOI: 10.1038/srep43321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro models that mimic in vivo host-pathogen interactions are needed to evaluate candidate drugs that inhibit bacterial virulence traits. We established a new approach to study Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm susceptibility on biotic surfaces, using a three-dimensional (3-D) lung epithelial cell model. P. aeruginosa formed antibiotic resistant biofilms on 3-D cells without affecting cell viability. The biofilm-inhibitory activity of antibiotics and/or the anti-biofilm peptide DJK-5 were evaluated on 3-D cells compared to a plastic surface, in medium with and without fetal bovine serum (FBS). In both media, aminoglycosides were more efficacious in the 3-D cell model. In serum-free medium, most antibiotics (except polymyxins) showed enhanced efficacy when 3-D cells were present. In medium with FBS, colistin was less efficacious in the 3-D cell model. DJK-5 exerted potent inhibition of P. aeruginosa association with both substrates, only in serum-free medium. DJK-5 showed stronger inhibitory activity against P. aeruginosa associated with plastic compared to 3-D cells. The combined addition of tobramycin and DJK-5 exhibited more potent ability to inhibit P. aeruginosa association with both substrates. In conclusion, lung epithelial cells influence the efficacy of most antimicrobials against P. aeruginosa biofilm formation, which in turn depends on the presence or absence of FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Crabbé
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology (LPM), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Yulong Liu
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Nele Matthijs
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology (LPM), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Rigole
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology (LPM), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - César De La Fuente-Nùñez
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard Davis
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Maria A Ledesma
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Shameema Sarker
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Unit of Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology (LPM), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cheryl A Nickerson
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States of America
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12
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Van den Bergh B, Fauvart M, Michiels J. Formation, physiology, ecology, evolution and clinical importance of bacterial persisters. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:219-251. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Bean HD, Rees CA, Hill JE. Comparative analysis of the volatile metabolomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. J Breath Res 2016; 10:047102. [PMID: 27869104 PMCID: PMC5266606 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/4/047102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a nearly ubiquitous Gram-negative organism, well known to occupy a multitude of environmental niches and cause human infections at a variety of bodily sites, due to its metabolic flexibility, secondary to extensive genetic heterogeneity at the species level. Because of its dynamic metabolism and clinical importance, we sought to perform a comparative analysis on the volatile metabolome (the 'volatilome') produced by P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. In this study, we analyzed the headspace volatile molecules of 24 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates grown in vitro, using 2D gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS). We identified 391 non-redundant compounds that we associate with the growth and metabolism of P. aeruginosa (the 'pan-volatilome'). Of these, 70 were produced by all 24 isolates (the 'core volatilome'), 52 by only a single isolate, and the remaining 269 volatile molecules by a subset. Sixty-five of the detected compounds could be assigned putative compound identifications, of which 43 had not previously been associated with P. aeruginosa. Using the accessory volatile molecules, we determined the inter-strain variation in the metabolomes of these isolates, clustering strains by their metabotypes. Assessing the extent of metabolomic diversity in P. aeruginosa through an analysis of the volatile molecules that it produces is a critical next step in the identification of novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D Bean
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. These authors made equal contributions to this work
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14
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Michiels JE, Van den Bergh B, Verstraeten N, Michiels J. Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of bacterial persistence. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 29:76-89. [PMID: 27912845 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Any bacterial population harbors a small number of phenotypic variants that survive exposure to high concentrations of antibiotic. Importantly, these so-called 'persister cells' compromise successful antibiotic therapy of bacterial infections and are thought to contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. Intriguingly, drug-tolerant persisters have also been identified as a factor underlying failure of chemotherapy in tumor cell populations. Recent studies have begun to unravel the complex molecular mechanisms underlying persister formation and revolve around stress responses and toxin-antitoxin modules. Additionally, in vitro evolution experiments are revealing insights into the evolutionary and adaptive aspects of this phenotype. Furthermore, ever-improving experimental techniques are stimulating efforts to investigate persisters in their natural, infection-associated, in vivo environment. This review summarizes recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of persister formation, explains how persisters complicate antibiotic treatment of infections, and outlines emerging strategies to combat these tolerant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan Michiels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Screening of Compounds against Gardnerella vaginalis Biofilms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154086. [PMID: 27111438 PMCID: PMC4844189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common infection in reproductive age woman and is characterized by dysbiosis of the healthy vaginal flora which is dominated by Lactobacilli, followed by growth of bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis. The ability of G. vaginalis to form biofilms contributes to the high rates of recurrence that are typical for BV and which unfortunately make repeated antibiotic therapy inevitable. Here we developed a biofilm model for G. vaginalis and screened a large spectrum of compounds for their ability to prevent biofilm formation and to resolve an existing G. vaginalis biofilm. The antibiotics metronidazole and tobramycin were highly effective in preventing biofilm formation, but had no effect on an established biofilm. The application of the amphoteric tenside sodium cocoamphoacetate (SCAA) led to disintegration of existing biofilms, reducing biomass by 51% and viability by 61% and it was able to increase the effect of metronidazole by 40% (biomass) and 61% (viability). Our data show that attacking the biofilm and the bacterial cells by the combination of an amphoteric tenside with the antibiotic metronidazole might be a useful strategy against BV.
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