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Shcheblyakov DV, Voronina DV, Favorskaya IA, Esmagambetov IB, Alekseeva IA, Korobkova AI, Ryabova EI, Derkaev AA, Kan VY, Dzharullaeva AS, Tukhvatulin AI, Bandelyuk AS, Shmarov MM, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. Broadly Reactive Nanobody Targeting the H3 Hemagglutinin of the Influenza A Virus. Acta Naturae 2024; 16:101-110. [PMID: 38698957 PMCID: PMC11062109 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.27374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and recombinant antibody fragments are a very promising therapeutic tool to combat infectious diseases. Due to their unique paratope structure, nanobodies (VHHs) hold several advantages over conventional monoclonal antibodies, especially in relation to viral infections. Influenza A viruses (IAVs) remain a major threat to public health. The hemagglutinin (HA) protein is the main protective and immunodominant antigen of IAVs. In this study, three broadly reactive nanobodies (D9.2, E12.2, and D4.2) to H3N2 influenza strains were isolated and Fc-fusion proteins (VHH-Fcs) were obtained and characterized in vitro. This modification improved the nanobodies' binding activity and allowed for their interaction with a wider range of strains. The D9.2-Fc antibody showed a 100% protection rate against mortality in vivo in a mouse lethal model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the observed protection has to do with Fc-FcγR interactions. These results indicate that D9.2-Fc can serve as an effective antiviral agent against the H3N2 influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Shcheblyakov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - D. V. Voronina
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - I. A. Favorskaya
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - I. B. Esmagambetov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - I. A. Alekseeva
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - A. I. Korobkova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - E. I. Ryabova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, 109472 Russian Federation
| | - A. A. Derkaev
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - V. Yu. Kan
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - A. Sh. Dzharullaeva
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - A. I. Tukhvatulin
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - A. S. Bandelyuk
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - M. M. Shmarov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - D. Yu. Logunov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - A. L. Gintsburg
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
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Kim PK, Ahn JS, Kim CM, Seo JM, Keum SJ, Lee HJ, Choo MJ, Kim MS, Lee JY, Maeng KE, Shin JY, Yi KS, Osinubi MOV, Franka R, Greenberg L, Shampur M, Rupprecht CE, Lee SY. A broad-spectrum and highly potent human monoclonal antibody cocktail for rabies prophylaxis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256779. [PMID: 34469480 PMCID: PMC8409651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is highly effective in preventing disease progression of rabies when used in timely and appropriate manner. The key treatment for PEP is infiltration of rabies immune globulin (RIG) into lesion site after bite exposure, besides wound care and vaccination. Unfortunately, however, RIG is expensive and its supply is limited. Currently, several anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibody (mAb) products are under development as alternatives to RIG, and two recently received regulatory approval in India. In this study, fully human mAbs that recognize different rabies virus glycoprotein conformational antigenic site (II and III) were created from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of heathy vaccinated subjects. These mAbs neutralized a diverse range of lyssavirus types. As at least two anti-rabies virus mAbs are recommended for use in human PEP to ensure broad coverage against diverse lyssaviruses and to minimize possible escape variants, two most potent mAbs, NP-19-9 and 11B6, were selected to be used as cocktail treatment. These two mAbs were broadly reactive to different types of lyssaviruses isolates, and were shown to have no interference with each other. These results suggest that NP-19-9 and 11B6 are potent candidates to be used for PEP, suggesting further studies involving clinical studies in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Kyeom Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Celltrion, INC, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Jung Sun Ahn
- Department of Research and Development, Celltrion, INC, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Celltrion, INC, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Seo
- Department of Research and Development, Celltrion, INC, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ju Keum
- Department of Research and Development, Celltrion, INC, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Department of Research and Development, Celltrion, INC, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joo Choo
- Department of Research and Development, Celltrion, INC, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Celltrion, INC, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Department of Research and Development, Celltrion, INC, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Eun Maeng
- Department of Research and Development, Celltrion, INC, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Shin
- Department of Research and Development, Celltrion, INC, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Sook Yi
- Department of Research and Development, Celltrion, INC, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Modupe O. V. Osinubi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard Franka
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lauren Greenberg
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Madhusudana Shampur
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Research and Development, Celltrion, INC, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Trucchi C, Paganino C, Amicizia D, Orsi A, Tisa V, Piazza MF, Icardi G, Ansaldi F. Universal influenza virus vaccines: what needs to happen next? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:671-683. [PMID: 30957589 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1604671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza occurs worldwide and causes significant disease burden in terms of morbidity, associated complications, hospitalizations, and deaths. Vaccination constitutes the primary approach for controlling influenza. Current influenza vaccines elicit a strain-specific response yet occasionally exhibit suboptimal effectiveness. This review describes the limits of available immunization tools and the future prospects and potentiality of universal influenza vaccines. AREAS COVERED New 'universal' vaccines, which are presently under development, are expected to overcome the problems related to the high variability of influenza viruses, such as the need for seasonal vaccine updates and re-vaccination. Here, we explore vaccines based on the highly conserved epitopes of the HA, NA, or extracellular domain of the influenza M2 protein, along with those based on the internal proteins such as NP and M1. EXPERT OPINION The development of a universal influenza vaccine that confers protection against homologous, drifted, and shifted influenza virus strains could obviate the need for annual reformulation and mitigate disease burden. The scientific community has long been awaiting the advent of universal influenza vaccines; these are currently under development in laboratories worldwide. If such vaccines are immunogenic, efficacious, and able to confer long-lasting immunity, they might be integrated with or supplant traditional influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Trucchi
- a Health Planning Unit , Liguria Health Authority (A.Li.Sa) , Genoa , Italy.,b Hygiene Unit , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS teaching hospital , Genoa , Italy
| | - Chiara Paganino
- a Health Planning Unit , Liguria Health Authority (A.Li.Sa) , Genoa , Italy
| | - Daniela Amicizia
- a Health Planning Unit , Liguria Health Authority (A.Li.Sa) , Genoa , Italy.,b Hygiene Unit , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS teaching hospital , Genoa , Italy.,c Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Andrea Orsi
- b Hygiene Unit , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS teaching hospital , Genoa , Italy.,c Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Valentino Tisa
- c Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Piazza
- a Health Planning Unit , Liguria Health Authority (A.Li.Sa) , Genoa , Italy.,c Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- b Hygiene Unit , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS teaching hospital , Genoa , Italy.,c Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Filippo Ansaldi
- a Health Planning Unit , Liguria Health Authority (A.Li.Sa) , Genoa , Italy.,b Hygiene Unit , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS teaching hospital , Genoa , Italy.,c Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
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Kim KH, Kim J, Ko M, Chun JY, Kim H, Kim S, Min JY, Park WB, Oh MD, Chung J. An anti-Gn glycoprotein antibody from a convalescent patient potently inhibits the infection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007375. [PMID: 30707748 PMCID: PMC6380599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease localized to China, Japan, and Korea that is characterized by severe hemorrhage and a high fatality rate. Currently, no specific vaccine or treatment has been approved for this disease. To develop a therapeutic agent for SFTS, we isolated antibodies from a phage-displayed antibody library that was constructed from a patient who recovered from SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection. One antibody, designated as Ab10, was reactive to the Gn envelope glycoprotein of SFTSV and protected host cells and A129 mice from infection in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Notably, Ab10 protected 80% of mice, even when injected 5 days after inoculation with a lethal dose of SFTSV. Using cross-linker assisted mass spectrometry and alanine scanning, we located the non-linear epitope of Ab10 on the Gn glycoprotein domain II and an unstructured stem region, suggesting that Ab10 may inhibit a conformational alteration that is critical for cell membrane fusion between the virus and host cell. Ab10 reacted to recombinant Gn glycoprotein in Gangwon/Korea/2012, HB28, and SD4 strains. Additionally, based on its epitope, we predict that Ab10 binds the Gn glycoprotein in 247 of 272 SFTSV isolates previously reported. Together, these data suggest that Ab10 has potential to be developed into a therapeutic agent that could protect against more than 90% of reported SFTSV isolates. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease localized to China, Japan, and Korea. The tick-borne virus that causes SFTS has infected more than 5,000 humans, with a 6.4% to 20.9% fatality rate. Currently, there are no prophylactic or therapeutic measures against this virus. Historically, antibodies from patients who recovered from viral infection have been used to treat new patients, and commercially available antiviral monoclonal antibodies have been developed. Palivizumab was approved for the prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, and ibalizumab-uiyk was recently approved for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. To develop an antiviral monoclonal antibody for SFTS patients, we selected 10 antibodies from a patient who recovered from SFTS and found that one antibody potently inhibited SFTS viral infection both in vitro and in animal studies. We mapped the binding site of this antibody on the SFTS virus, which allowed us to predict that this antibody could bind 247 out of the 272 SFTS virus isolates reported to date. We anticipate that this antibody could be developed into a therapeutic treatment against SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Meehyun Ko
- Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - June Young Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyori Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Min
- Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-don Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Sautto GA, Kirchenbaum GA, Ross TM. Towards a universal influenza vaccine: different approaches for one goal. Virol J 2018; 15:17. [PMID: 29370862 PMCID: PMC5785881 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is an ongoing health and economic burden causing epidemics with pandemic potential, affecting 5–30% of the global population annually, and is responsible for millions of hospitalizations and thousands of deaths each year. Annual influenza vaccination is the primary prophylactic countermeasure aimed at limiting influenza burden. However, the effectiveness of current influenza vaccines are limited because they only confer protective immunity when there is antigenic similarity between the selected vaccine strains and circulating influenza isolates. The major targets of the antibody response against influenza virus are the surface glycoprotein antigens hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Hypervariability of the amino acid sequences encoding HA and NA is largely responsible for epidemic and pandemic influenza outbreaks, and are the consequence of antigenic drift or shift, respectively. For this reason, if an antigenic mismatch exists between the current vaccine and circulating influenza isolates, vaccinated people may not be afforded complete protection. There is currently an unmet need to develop an effective “broadly-reactive” or “universal” influenza vaccine capable of conferring protection against both seasonal and newly emerging pre-pandemic strains. A number of novel influenza vaccine approaches are currently under evaluation. One approach is the elicitation of an immune response against the “Achille’s heel” of the virus, i.e. conserved viral proteins or protein regions shared amongst seasonal and pre-pandemic strains. Alternatively, other approaches aim toward eliciting a broader immune response capable of conferring protection against the diversity of currently circulating seasonal influenza strains. In this review, the most promising under-development universal vaccine approaches are discussed with an emphasis on those targeting the HA glycoprotein. In particular, their strengths and potential short-comings are discussed. Ultimately, the upcoming clinical evaluation of these universal vaccine approaches will be fundamental to determine their effectiveness against preventing influenza virus infection and/or reducing transmission and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A Sautto
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Greg A Kirchenbaum
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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A broadly neutralizing anti-influenza antibody reveals ongoing capacity of haemagglutinin-specific memory B cells to evolve. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12780. [PMID: 27619409 PMCID: PMC5027281 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the natural evolution and structural changes involved in broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) development holds great promise for improving the design of prophylactic influenza vaccines. Here we report an haemagglutinin (HA) stem-directed bnAb, 3I14, isolated from human memory B cells, that utilizes a heavy chain encoded by the IGHV3-30 germline gene. MAb 3I14 binds and neutralizes groups 1 and 2 influenza A viruses and protects mice from lethal challenge. Analysis of VH and VL germline back-mutants reveals binding to H3 and H1 but not H5, which supports the critical role of somatic hypermutation in broadening the bnAb response. Moreover, a single VLD94N mutation improves the affinity of 3I14 to H5 by nearly 10-fold. These data provide evidence that memory B cell evolution can expand the HA subtype specificity. Our results further suggest that establishing an optimized memory B cell pool should be an aim of ‘universal' influenza vaccine strategies. A major goal of vaccine design is to protect against a broad range of pathogen strains. Here the authors isolate a new broadly neutralizing antibody against influenza haemagglutinin from human memory B cells, and identify mutations that increase and broaden the neutralization towards H5 HA subtype.
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