1
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Solomon-Lane TK, Butler RM, Hofmann HA. Vasopressin mediates nonapeptide and glucocorticoid signaling and social dynamics in juvenile dominance hierarchies of a highly social cichlid fish. Horm Behav 2022; 145:105238. [PMID: 35932752 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Early-life social experience can strongly affect adult behavior, yet the behavioral mechanisms underlying developmental trajectories are poorly understood. Here, we use the highly social cichlid, Burton's Mouthbrooder (Astatotilapia burtoni) to investigate juvenile social status and behavior, as well as the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms. We placed juveniles in pairs or triads and found that they readily establish social status hierarchies, with some group structural variation depending on group size, as well as the relative body size of the group members. Next, we used intracerebroventricular injections to test the hypothesis that arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulates juvenile social behavior and status, similar to adult A. burtoni. While we found no direct behavioral effects of experimentally increasing (via vasotocin) or decreasing (via antagonist Manning Compound) AVP signaling, social interactions directed at the treated individual were significantly altered. This group-level effect of central AVP manipulation was also reflected in a significant shift in whole brain expression of genes involved in nonapeptide signaling (AVP, oxytocin, and oxytocin receptor) and the neuroendocrine stress axis (corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), glucocorticoid receptors (GR) 1a and 1b). Further, social status was associated with the expression of genes involved in glucocorticoid signaling (GR1a, GR1b, GR2, mineralocorticoid receptor), social interactions with the dominant fish, and nonapeptide signaling activity (AVP, AVP receptor V1aR2, OTR). Together, our results considerably expand our understanding of the context-specific emergence of social dominance hierarchies in juveniles and demonstrate a role for nonapeptide and stress axis signaling in the regulation of social status and social group dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa K Solomon-Lane
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America.
| | - Rebecca M Butler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Hans A Hofmann
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America; Institute for Cell & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
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2
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Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone as a regulator of social interactions in vertebrates. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 64:100954. [PMID: 34757092 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The social environment changes circulating hormone levels and expression of social behavior in animals. Social information is perceived by sensory systems, leading to cellular and molecular changes through neural processes. Peripheral reproductive hormone levels are regulated by activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Until the end of the last century, the neurochemical systems that convey social information to the HPG axis were not well understood. Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) was the first hypothalamic neuropeptide shown to inhibit gonadotropin release, in 2000. GnIH is now regarded as a negative upstream regulator of the HPG axis, and it is becoming increasingly evident that it responds to social cues. In addition to controlling reproductive physiology, GnIH seems to modulate the reproductive behavior of animals. Here, we review studies investigating how GnIH neurons respond to social information and describe the mechanisms through which GnIH regulates social behavior.
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3
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Edwards PD, Frenette-Ling C, Palme R, Boonstra R. A mechanism for population self-regulation: Social density suppresses GnRH expression and reduces reproductivity in voles. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:784-795. [PMID: 33550586 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 100 years ago, Charles Elton described lemming and vole population cycles as ecological models for understanding population regulation in nature. Yet, the mechanisms driving these cycles are still not fully understood. These rodent populations can continue to cycle in the absence of predation and with food supplementation, and represent a major unsolved problem in population ecology. It has been hypothesized that the social environment at high population density can drive selection for a low-reproduction phenotype, resulting in population self-regulation as an intrinsic mechanism driving the cycles. However, a physiological mechanism for this self-regulation has not been demonstrated. We manipulated population density in wild meadow voles Microtus pennsylvanicus using large-scale field enclosures over 3 years and examined reproductive performance and physiology. Within the field enclosures, we assessed the proportion of breeding animals, mass at sexual maturation, and faecal androgen and oestrogen metabolites. We then collected brain tissue from juvenile voles born at high or low density, quantified mRNA expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and measured DNA methylation at six CpG sites in a region that was highly conserved with the mouse GnRH promoter. At high density, there was a lower proportion of reproductive animals. Juvenile voles born at high densities had reduced expression of GnRH in the hypothalamus, accompanied by marginally lower faecal sex hormone metabolites. Female juvenile voles born at high density also had higher methylation levels at two CpG sites while males did not, aligning with prior observations that females (but not males) from high-density environments retain reduced reproduction long term. Our results support a physiological basis for population self-regulation in vole cycles, as altering population density alone induced reproductive downregulation at the hypothalamic level. Our results demonstrate that altering the early-life social environment can fundamentally impact reproductive function in the brain. This, in turn, can drive population demography changes in wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe D Edwards
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Coral Frenette-Ling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudy Boonstra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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4
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Tonne C, Adair L, Adlakha D, Anguelovski I, Belesova K, Berger M, Brelsford C, Dadvand P, Dimitrova A, Giles-Corti B, Heinz A, Mehran N, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Pelletier F, Ranzani O, Rodenstein M, Rybski D, Samavati S, Satterthwaite D, Schöndorf J, Schreckenberg D, Stollmann J, Taubenböck H, Tiwari G, van Wee B, Adli M. Defining pathways to healthy sustainable urban development. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106236. [PMID: 33161201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Goals and pathways to achieve sustainable urban development have multiple interlinkages with human health and wellbeing. However, these interlinkages have not been examined in depth in recent discussions on urban sustainability and global urban science. This paper fills that gap by elaborating in detail the multiple links between urban sustainability and human health and by mapping research gaps at the interface of health and urban sustainability sciences. As researchers from a broad range of disciplines, we aimed to: 1) define the process of urbanization, highlighting distinctions from related concepts to support improved conceptual rigour in health research; 2) review the evidence linking health with urbanization, urbanicity, and cities and identify cross-cutting issues; and 3) highlight new research approaches needed to study complex urban systems and their links with health. This novel, comprehensive knowledge synthesis addresses issue of interest across multiple disciplines. Our review of concepts of urban development should be of particular value to researchers and practitioners in the health sciences, while our review of the links between urban environments and health should be of particular interest to those outside of public health. We identify specific actions to promote health through sustainable urban development that leaves no one behind, including: integrated planning; evidence-informed policy-making; and monitoring the implementation of policies. We also highlight the critical role of effective governance and equity-driven planning in progress towards sustainable, healthy, and just urban development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Tonne
- ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Linda Adair
- Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-2524, USA
| | - Deepti Adlakha
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, 39-123 Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Anguelovski
- ICREA Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; IMIM Medical Research Institute, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristine Belesova
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Maximilian Berger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Charité Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christa Brelsford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asya Dimitrova
- ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Billie Giles-Corti
- RMIT University, La Trobe Street, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Charité Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nassim Mehran
- Humboldt University, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - François Pelletier
- United Nations Population Division, 2 United Nations Plaza, Rm. DC2-1950, New York, NY 10017 USA
| | - Otavio Ranzani
- ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianne Rodenstein
- Goethe University, Westend Campus - PEG Building, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 6, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Diego Rybski
- Potsdam Institute for Climate, P.O. Box 60 12 03, Potsdam 14412, Germany
| | - Sahar Samavati
- Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, 9821 Tehran, Iran
| | - David Satterthwaite
- International Institute for Environment and Development, Unit, 80-86 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8NH, UK
| | - Jonas Schöndorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Charité Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Schreckenberg
- ZEUS GmbH, Centre for Applied Psychology, Environmental and Social Research, Sennbrink 46, D-58093 Hagen, Germany
| | - Jörg Stollmann
- Institute of Architecture, TU Berlin, Strasse des 17.Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannes Taubenböck
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Münchener Str. 20, 82234 Weßling, Germany
| | - Geetam Tiwari
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Bert van Wee
- Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5015, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mazda Adli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Charité Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Molecular Plasticity in Animal Pigmentation: Emerging Processes Underlying Color Changes. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:1531-1543. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synopsis
Animal coloration has been rigorously studied and has provided morphological implications for fitness with influences over social behavior, predator–prey interactions, and sexual selection. In vertebrates, its study has developed our understanding across diverse fields ranging from behavior to molecular biology. In the search for underlying molecular mechanisms, many have taken advantage of pedigree-based and genome-wide association screens to reveal the genetic architecture responsible for pattern variation that occurs in early development. However, genetic differences do not provide a full picture of the dynamic changes in coloration that are most prevalent across vertebrates at the molecular level. Changes in coloration that occur in adulthood via phenotypic plasticity rely on various social, visual, and dietary cues independent of genetic variation. Here, I will review the contributions of pigment cell biology to animal color changes and recent studies describing their molecular underpinnings and function. In this regard, conserved epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation play a role in lending plasticity to gene regulation as it relates to chromatophore function. Lastly, I will present African cichlids as emerging models for the study of pigmentation and molecular plasticity for animal color changes. I posit that these processes, in a dialog with environmental stimuli, are important regulators of variation and the selective advantages that accompany a change in coloration for vertebrate animals.
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6
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Adli M, Schöndorf J. [Does the city make us ill? The effect of urban stress on emotions, behavior, and mental health]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2020; 63:979-986. [PMID: 32638033 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-020-03185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Urban life correlates with a higher risk for several mental diseases. A stress-dependent pathomechanism is considered to play a crucial role. Likewise, current data indicate a higher responsivity of the brain to social stress in urban residents. At the same time, city dwellers live under more advantageous conditions, encountering better access to education, personal evolvement, healthcare, and cultural diversity. It can be assumed that a higher exposition to chronic social stress in urban areas - in combination with other risk factors (social, psychological, or genetic) - can turn into a pathogenic factor, particularly in the case of impeded access to resilience-promoting resources of the city. It urgently remains to be explained which social groups are at increased risk and which urban planning and political measures to counteract social stress prove to be health protective. Therefore, we call for an interdisciplinary research approach, which incorporates urban research, medicine, and neuroscience and encourages a transdisciplinary knowledge exchange with politics, civil society, and citizens. With regard to the rapid pace of urbanization worldwide, further research and action is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazda Adli
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland. .,Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Jonas Schöndorf
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
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7
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Solomon-Lane TK, Hofmann HA. Early-life social environment alters juvenile behavior and neuroendocrine function in a highly social cichlid fish. Horm Behav 2019; 115:104552. [PMID: 31276665 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early-life experiences can shape adult behavior, with consequences for fitness and health, yet fundamental questions remain unanswered about how early-life social experiences are translated into variation in brain and behavior. The African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, a model system in social neuroscience, is well known for its highly plastic social phenotypes in adulthood. Here, we rear juveniles in either social groups or pairs to investigate the effects of early-life social environments on behavior and neuroendocrine gene expression. We find that both juvenile behavior and neuroendocrine function are sensitive to early-life effects. Behavior robustly co-varies across multiple contexts (open field, social cue investigation, and dominance behavior assays) to form a behavioral syndrome, with pair-reared juveniles towards the end of syndrome that is less active and socially interactive. Pair-reared juveniles also submit more readily as subordinates. In a separate cohort, we measured whole brain expression of stress and sex hormone genes. Expression of glucocorticoid receptor 1a was elevated in group-reared juveniles, supporting a highly-conserved role for the stress axis mediating early-life effects. The effect of rearing environment on androgen receptor α and estrogen receptor α expression was mediated by treatment duration (1 vs. 5 weeks). Finally, expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and glucocorticoid receptor 2 decreased significantly over time. Rearing environment also caused striking differences in gene co-expression, such that expression was tightly integrated in pair-reared juveniles but not group-reared or isolates. Together, this research demonstrates the important developmental origins of behavioral phenotypes and identifies potential behavioral and neuroendocrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa K Solomon-Lane
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America.
| | - Hans A Hofmann
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
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8
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Strain-specific effects of crowding on long-term memory formation in Lymnaea. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 222:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Gupta T, Morgan HR, Andrews JC, Brewer ER, Certel SJ. Methyl-CpG binding domain proteins inhibit interspecies courtship and promote aggression in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5420. [PMID: 28710457 PMCID: PMC5511146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive isolation and speciation are driven by the convergence of environmental and genetic variation. The integration of these variation sources is thought to occur through epigenetic marks including DNA methylation. Proteins containing a methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) bind methylated DNA and interpret epigenetic marks, providing a dynamic yet evolutionarily adapted cellular output. Here, we report the Drosophila MBD-containing proteins, dMBD-R2 and dMBD2/3, contribute to reproductive isolation and survival behavioral strategies. Drosophila melanogaster males with a reduction in dMBD-R2 specifically in octopamine (OA) neurons exhibit courtship toward divergent interspecies D. virilis and D. yakuba females and a decrease in conspecific mating success. Conspecific male-male courtship is increased between dMBD-R2-deficient males while aggression is reduced. These changes in adaptive behavior are separable as males with a hypermethylated OA neuronal genome exhibited a decrease in aggression without altering male-male courtship. These results suggest Drosophila MBD-containing proteins are required within the OA neural circuitry to inhibit interspecies and conspecific male-male courtship and indicate that the genetically hard-wired neural mechanisms enforcing behavioral reproductive isolation include the interpretation of the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Gupta
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Hannah R Morgan
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Jonathan C Andrews
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Edmond R Brewer
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Sarah J Certel
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States. .,Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.
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10
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Williamson CM, Franks B, Curley JP. Mouse Social Network Dynamics and Community Structure are Associated with Plasticity-Related Brain Gene Expression. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:152. [PMID: 27540359 PMCID: PMC4972826 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory studies of social behavior have typically focused on dyadic interactions occurring within a limited spatiotemporal context. However, this strategy prevents analyses of the dynamics of group social behavior and constrains identification of the biological pathways mediating individual differences in behavior. In the current study, we aimed to identify the spatiotemporal dynamics and hierarchical organization of a large social network of male mice. We also sought to determine if standard assays of social and exploratory behavior are predictive of social behavior in this social network and whether individual network position was associated with the mRNA expression of two plasticity-related genes, DNA methyltransferase 1 and 3a. Mice were observed to form a hierarchically organized social network and self-organized into two separate social network communities. Members of both communities exhibited distinct patterns of socio-spatial organization within the vivaria that was not limited to only agonistic interactions. We further established that exploratory and social behaviors in standard behavioral assays conducted prior to placing the mice into the large group was predictive of initial network position and behavior but were not associated with final social network position. Finally, we determined that social network position is associated with variation in mRNA levels of two neural plasticity genes, DNMT1 and DNMT3a, in the hippocampus but not the mPOA. This work demonstrates the importance of understanding the role of social context and complex social dynamics in determining the relationship between individual differences in social behavior and brain gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Becca Franks
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NYUSA; Animal Welfare Program, Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCCanada
| | - James P Curley
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NYUSA; Center for Integrative Animal Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NYUSA
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