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Ross EC, Olivera GC, Barragan A. Dysregulation of focal adhesion kinase upon
Toxoplasma gondii
infection facilitates parasite translocation across polarised primary brain endothelial cell monolayers. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13048. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Ross
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Gabriela C. Olivera
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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Gimeno-Alcañiz JV, Collado MC. Impact of human milk on the transcriptomic response of fetal intestinal epithelial cells reveals expression changes of immune-related genes. Food Funct 2019; 10:140-150. [PMID: 30499575 PMCID: PMC6350622 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human milk, the best food for infants, is a dynamic and complex fluid that directly influences the immune system and microbiota establishment.
Human milk, the best food for infants, is a dynamic and complex fluid that directly influences the immune system and microbiota establishment. The protective role of human milk is well known although the mechanisms behind it still need to be uncovered. This study aimed to characterize the impact of human milk in the immature intestine of newborns by analyzing the global transcriptomic response of the FHs 74 int cell line (ATCC CCL-241). The expression of intestinal keratins and other genes with a well-annotated intestinal or epithelial function validated FHs 74 int derived from the fetal small intestine as a model of the intestinal epithelium of newborns. Cells exposed to skimmed human milk showed seventeen differentially expressed genes, most of them up-regulated, including four chemokine genes (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3 and CXCL10) and other immune-related genes. qRT-PCR and ELISA analysis confirmed the microarray data and indicated a different pattern of expression upon milk exposure in FHs 74 int as compared to the adult tumorigenic Caco-2 cell line. The evaluation of the functional significance of these transcriptomic changes reveals that human milk exposure may contribute to the regulation of the inflammatory response in the intestine during the perinatal period, which is characterized by the immaturity of the immune system and a pro-inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- José V Gimeno-Alcañiz
- Instituto de agroquímica y tecnología de alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
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Chakraborty S, Roy S, Mistry HU, Murthy S, George N, Bhandari V, Sharma P. Potential Sabotage of Host Cell Physiology by Apicomplexan Parasites for Their Survival Benefits. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1261. [PMID: 29081773 PMCID: PMC5645534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, Babesia, and Theileria are the major apicomplexan parasites affecting humans or animals worldwide. These pathogens represent an excellent example of host manipulators who can overturn host signaling pathways for their survival. They infect different types of host cells and take charge of the host machinery to gain nutrients and prevent itself from host attack. The mechanisms by which these pathogens modulate the host signaling pathways are well studied for Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, and Theileria, except for limited studies on Babesia. Theileria is a unique pathogen taking into account the way it modulates host cell transformation, resulting in its clonal expansion. These parasites majorly modulate similar host signaling pathways, however, the disease outcome and effect is different among them. In this review, we discuss the approaches of these apicomplexan to manipulate the host–parasite clearance pathways during infection, invasion, survival, and egress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonti Roy
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB-DBT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Hiral Uday Mistry
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB-DBT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shweta Murthy
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB-DBT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Neena George
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB-DBT), Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Paresh Sharma
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB-DBT), Hyderabad, India
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Singhal M, Manzella C, Soni V, Alrefai WA, Saksena S, Hecht GA, Dudeja PK, Gill RK. Role of SHP2 protein tyrosine phosphatase in SERT inhibition by enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G443-G449. [PMID: 28209599 PMCID: PMC5451565 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00011.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), one of the diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes, is among the most important food-borne pathogens infecting children worldwide. Inhibition of serotonin transporter (SERT), which regulates extracellular availability of serotonin (5-HT), has been implicated previously in EPEC-associated diarrhea. EPEC was shown to inhibit SERT via activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase), albeit the specific PTPase involved is not known. Current studies aimed to identify EPEC-activated PTPase and its role in SERT inhibition. Infection of Caco-2 monolayers with EPEC strain E2348/69 for 30 min increased the activity of Src-homology-2 domain containing PTPase (SHP2) but not SHP1 or PTPase 1B. Similarly, Western blot studies showed increased tyrosine phosphorylation of (p-tyrosine) SHP2, indicative of its activation. Concomitantly, EPEC infection decreased SERT p-tyrosine levels. This was associated with increased interaction of SHP2 with SERT, as evidenced by coimmunoprecipitation studies. To examine whether SHP2 directly influences SERT phosphorylation status or function, SHP2 cDNA plasmid constructs (wild type, constitutively active, or dominant negative) were overexpressed in Caco-2 cells by Amaxa electroporation. In the cells overexpressing constitutively active SHP2, SERT polypeptide showed complete loss of p-tyrosine. In addition, there was a decrease in SERT function, as measured by Na+Cl--sensitive [3H]5-HT uptake, and an increase in association of SERT with SHP2 in Caco-2 cells expressing constitutively active SHP2 compared with dominant-negative SHP2. Our data demonstrate that intestinal SERT is a target of SHP2 and reveal a novel mechanism by which a common food-borne pathogen uses cellular SHP2 to inhibit SERT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The data presented in the current study reveal that intestinal serotonin transporter (SERT) is a target of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 and show a novel mechanism by which a common diarrheagenic pathogen, EPEC, activates cellular SHP2 to inhibit SERT function. These studies highlight host-pathogen interactions, which may be of therapeutic relevance in the management of diarrhea associated with enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Singhal
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Christopher Manzella
- 3Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Vinay Soni
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Waddah A. Alrefai
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; ,2Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Seema Saksena
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; ,2Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Gail A. Hecht
- 4Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pradeep K. Dudeja
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; ,2Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Ravinder K. Gill
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
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