1
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Pai YL, Lin YJ, Peng WH, Huang LT, Chou HY, Wang CH, Chien CT, Chen GC. The deubiquitinase Leon/USP5 interacts with Atg1/ULK1 and antagonizes autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:540. [PMID: 37607937 PMCID: PMC10444890 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that the quality of proteins must be tightly monitored and controlled to maintain cellular proteostasis. Misfolded proteins and protein aggregates are targeted for degradation through the ubiquitin proteasome (UPS) and autophagy-lysosome systems. The ubiquitination and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in the regulation of the UPS system. However, the function of DUBs in the regulation of autophagy remain to be elucidated. In this study, we found that knockdown of Leon/USP5 caused a marked increase in the formation of autophagosomes and autophagic flux under well-fed conditions. Genetic analysis revealed that overexpression of Leon suppressed Atg1-induced cell death in Drosophila. Immunoblotting assays further showed a strong interaction between Leon/USP5 and the autophagy initiating kinase Atg1/ULK1. Depletion of Leon/USP5 led to increased levels of Atg1/ULK1. Our findings indicate that Leon/USP5 is an autophagic DUB that interacts with Atg1/ULK1, negatively regulating the autophagic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ling Pai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yuchieh Jay Lin
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Peng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Huang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - He-Yen Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Chien
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Chao Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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2
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Mauri S, Bernardo G, Martinez A, Favaro M, Trevisan M, Cobraiville G, Fillet M, Caicci F, Whitworth AJ, Ziviani E. USP8 Down-Regulation Promotes Parkin-Independent Mitophagy in the Drosophila Brain and in Human Neurons. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081143. [PMID: 37190052 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced mitophagy, a tightly regulated process that targets dysfunctional mitochondria for autophagy-dependent degradation, mainly relies on two proteins, PINK1 and Parkin, which genes are mutated in some forms of familiar Parkinson's Disease (PD). Upon mitochondrial damage, the protein kinase PINK1 accumulates on the organelle surface where it controls the recruitment of the E3-ubiquitin ligase Parkin. On mitochondria, Parkin ubiquitinates a subset of mitochondrial-resident proteins located on the outer mitochondrial membrane, leading to the recruitment of downstream cytosolic autophagic adaptors and subsequent autophagosome formation. Importantly, PINK1/Parkin-independent mitophagy pathways also exist that can be counteracted by specific deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Down-regulation of these specific DUBs can presumably enhance basal mitophagy and be beneficial in models in which the accumulation of defective mitochondria is implicated. Among these DUBs, USP8 is an interesting target because of its role in the endosomal pathway and autophagy and its beneficial effects, when inhibited, in models of neurodegeneration. Based on this, we evaluated autophagy and mitophagy levels when USP8 activity is altered. We used genetic approaches in D. melanogaster to measure autophagy and mitophagy in vivo and complementary in vitro approaches to investigate the molecular pathway that regulates mitophagy via USP8. We found an inverse correlation between basal mitophagy and USP8 levels, in that down-regulation of USP8 correlates with increased Parkin-independent mitophagy. These results suggest the existence of a yet uncharacterized mitophagic pathway that is inhibited by USP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Mauri
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Greta Bernardo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Aitor Martinez
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Marta Trevisan
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Gael Cobraiville
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Quartier Hopital, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Quartier Hopital, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Federico Caicci
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Alexander J Whitworth
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Elena Ziviani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
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3
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Investigation of Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Ajuga pyramidalis-Isolation of Iridoids and Phenylethanoid Glycosides. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010128. [PMID: 36677053 PMCID: PMC9860644 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several studies on the Ajuga L. genus, the chemical composition of Ajuga pyramidalis, an alpine endemic species, is still largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to therefore deeper describe it, particularly from the phytochemistry and bioactivity perspectives. In that respect, A. pyramidalis was investigated and 95% of the extracted mass of the plant was characterized by chromatography and mass spectrometry. Apart from the already determined chemical compounds, namely, harpagide and 8-O-acetylharpagide, two iridoids, and neoajugapyrin A, a neo-clerodane diterpene, and three polyphenols (echinacoside, verbascoside and teupoloside) were identified for the first time in A. pyramidalis. Incidentally, the first RX structure of a harpagoside derivative is also described in this paper. The extracts and isolated compounds were then evaluated for various biochemical or biological activities; notably a targeted action on the renewal of the epidermis was highlighted with potential applications in the cosmetic field for anti-aging.
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4
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Li H, Roy M, Liang L, Cao W, Hu B, Li Y, Xiao X, Wang H, Ye M, Sun S, Zhang B, Liu J. Deubiquitylase USP12 induces pro-survival autophagy and bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma by stabilizing HMGB1. Oncogene 2022; 41:1298-1308. [PMID: 34997217 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the establishment of novel therapeutic interventions, multiple myeloma (MM) remains invariably incurable due to development of drug resistance and subsequent relapse, which are attributed to activation of oncogenic pathways such as autophagy. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are promising targets to overcome resistance to proteasome inhibitor-based treatment. Ubiquitin-specific protease-12 (USP12) is a DUB with a known prognostic value in several cancers. We found that USP12 protein levels were significantly higher in myeloma patient samples than in non-cancerous human samples. Depletion of USP12 suppressed cell growth and clonogenicity and inhibited autophagy. Mechanistic studies showed that USP12 interacted with, deubiquitylated and stabilized the critical autophagy mediator HMGB1 (high mobility group box-1) protein. Knockdown of USP12 decreased the level of HMGB1 and suppressed HMGB1-mediated autophagy in MM. Furthermore, basal autophagy activity associated with USP12/HMGB1 was elevated in bortezomib (BTZ)-resistant MM cell lines. USP12 depletion, concomitant with a reduced expression of HMGB1, suppressed autophagy and increased the sensitivity of resistant cells to BTZ. Collectively, our findings have identified an important role of the deubiquitylase USP12 in pro-survival autophagy and resultant BTZ resistance in MM by stabilizing HMGB1, suggesting that the USP12/HMGB1 axis might be pursued as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in human MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Mridul Roy
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Long Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wenjie Cao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Haiqin Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
| | - Shuming Sun
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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5
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Farina S, Esposito F, Battistoni M, Biamonti G, Francia S. Post-Translational Modifications Modulate Proteinopathies of TDP-43, FUS and hnRNP-A/B in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:693325. [PMID: 34291086 PMCID: PMC8287968 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.693325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that protein low-sequence complexity domains (LCDs) induce liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which is responsible for the formation of membrane-less organelles including P-granules, stress granules and Cajal bodies. Proteins harbouring LCDs are widely represented among RNA binding proteins often mutated in ALS. Indeed, LCDs predispose proteins to a prion-like behaviour due to their tendency to form amyloid-like structures typical of proteinopathies. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) can influence phase transition through two main events: i) destabilizing or augmenting multivalent interactions between phase-separating macromolecules; ii) recruiting or excluding other proteins and/or nucleic acids into/from the condensate. In this manuscript we summarize the existing evidence describing how PTM can modulate LLPS thus favouring or counteracting proteinopathies at the base of neurodegeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Farina
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerce (CNR), Pavia, Italy.,University School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerce (CNR), Pavia, Italy.,Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Biamonti
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerce (CNR), Pavia, Italy
| | - Sofia Francia
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerce (CNR), Pavia, Italy
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6
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Jacomin AC, Gohel R, Hussain Z, Varga A, Maruzs T, Eddison M, Sica M, Jain A, Moffat KG, Johansen T, Jenny A, Juhasz G, Nezis IP. Degradation of arouser by endosomal microautophagy is essential for adaptation to starvation in Drosophila. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 4:4/2/e202000965. [PMID: 33318080 PMCID: PMC7756965 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila EPS8-family protein Arouser is constitutively degraded by endosomal microautophagy; its stabilisation upon starvation is essential to the animal adaptation and survival. Hunger drives food-seeking behaviour and controls adaptation of organisms to nutrient availability and energy stores. Lipids constitute an essential source of energy in the cell that can be mobilised during fasting by autophagy. Selective degradation of proteins by autophagy is made possible essentially by the presence of LIR and KFERQ-like motifs. Using in silico screening of Drosophila proteins that contain KFERQ-like motifs, we identified and characterized the adaptor protein Arouser, which functions to regulate fat storage and mobilisation and is essential during periods of food deprivation. We show that hypomorphic arouser mutants are not satiated, are more sensitive to food deprivation, and are more aggressive, suggesting an essential role for Arouser in the coordination of metabolism and food-related behaviour. Our analysis shows that Arouser functions in the fat body through nutrient-related signalling pathways and is degraded by endosomal microautophagy. Arouser degradation occurs during feeding conditions, whereas its stabilisation during non-feeding periods is essential for resistance to starvation and survival. In summary, our data describe a novel role for endosomal microautophagy in energy homeostasis, by the degradation of the signalling regulatory protein Arouser.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raksha Gohel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Zunoon Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Agnes Varga
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Maruzs
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mark Eddison
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margaux Sica
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashish Jain
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin G Moffat
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabor Juhasz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ioannis P Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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7
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Ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8/UBPy): a prototypic multidomain deubiquitinating enzyme with pleiotropic functions. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1867-1879. [PMID: 31845722 PMCID: PMC6925526 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein modification by ubiquitin is one of the most versatile posttranslational regulations and counteracted by almost 100 deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). USP8 was originally identified as a growth regulated ubiquitin-specific protease and is like many other DUBs characterized by its multidomain architecture. Besides the catalytic domain, specific protein-protein interaction modules were characterized which contribute to USP8 substrate recruitment, regulation and targeting to distinct protein complexes. Studies in mice and humans impressively showed the physiological relevance and non-redundant function of USP8 within the context of the whole organism. USP8 knockout (KO) mice exhibit early embryonic lethality while induced deletion in adult animals rapidly causes lethal liver failure. Furthermore, T-cell specific ablation disturbs T-cell development and function resulting in fatal autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease. In human patients, somatic mutations in USP8 were identified as the underlying cause of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) releasing pituitary adenomas causing Cushing's disease (CD). Here we provide an overview of the versatile molecular, cellular and pathology associated function and regulation of USP8 which appears to depend on specific protein binding partners, substrates and the cellular context.
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8
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von Stockum S, Sanchez-Martinez A, Corrà S, Chakraborty J, Marchesan E, Locatello L, Da Rè C, Cusumano P, Caicci F, Ferrari V, Costa R, Bubacco L, Rasotto MB, Szabo I, Whitworth AJ, Scorrano L, Ziviani E. Inhibition of the deubiquitinase USP8 corrects a Drosophila PINK1 model of mitochondria dysfunction. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/2/e201900392. [PMID: 30988163 PMCID: PMC6467245 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant mitochondrial dynamics disrupts mitochondrial function and contributes to disease conditions. A targeted RNA interference screen for deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) affecting protein levels of multifunctional mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin (MFN) identified USP8 prominently influencing MFN levels. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of USP8 normalized the elevated MFN protein levels observed in PINK1 and Parkin-deficient models. This correlated with improved mitochondrial function, locomotor performance and life span, and prevented dopaminergic neurons loss in Drosophila PINK1 KO flies. We identified a novel target antagonizing pathologically elevated MFN levels, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dopaminergic neuron loss of a Drosophila model of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samantha Corrà
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Neurogenetics and Behavior of Drosophila Lab, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Lisa Locatello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Da Rè
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Neurogenetics and Behavior of Drosophila Lab, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Cusumano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Neurogenetics and Behavior of Drosophila Lab, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Vanni Ferrari
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Neurogenetics and Behavior of Drosophila Lab, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Ziviani
- Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, IRCCS, Venezia, Italy,Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Correspondence:
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9
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Deubiquitinating Enzymes Related to Autophagy: New Therapeutic Opportunities? Cells 2018; 7:cells7080112. [PMID: 30126257 PMCID: PMC6116007 DOI: 10.3390/cells7080112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved catabolic process that allows for the degradation of intracellular components by lysosomes. This process can be triggered by nutrient deprivation, microbial infections or other challenges to promote cell survival under these stressed conditions. However, basal levels of autophagy are also crucial for the maintenance of proper cellular homeostasis by ensuring the selective removal of protein aggregates and dysfunctional organelles. A tight regulation of this process is essential for cellular survival and organismal health. Indeed, deregulation of autophagy is associated with a broad range of pathologies such as neuronal degeneration, inflammatory diseases, and cancer progression. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of autophagy substrates, as well as components of the autophagic machinery, are critical regulatory mechanisms of autophagy. Here, we review the main evidence implicating deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in the regulation of autophagy. We also discuss how they may constitute new therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of pathologies such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases or infections.
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10
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Wijesuriya TM, De Ceuninck L, Masschaele D, Sanderson MR, Carias KV, Tavernier J, Wevrick R. The Prader-Willi syndrome proteins MAGEL2 and necdin regulate leptin receptor cell surface abundance through ubiquitination pathways. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4215-4230. [PMID: 28973533 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), obesity is caused by the disruption of appetite-controlling pathways in the brain. Two PWS candidate genes encode MAGEL2 and necdin, related melanoma antigen proteins that assemble into ubiquitination complexes. Mice lacking Magel2 are obese and lack leptin sensitivity in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons, suggesting dysregulation of leptin receptor (LepR) activity. Hypothalamus from Magel2-null mice had less LepR and altered levels of ubiquitin pathway proteins that regulate LepR processing (Rnf41, Usp8, and Stam1). MAGEL2 increased the cell surface abundance of LepR and decreased their degradation. LepR interacts with necdin, which interacts with MAGEL2, which complexes with RNF41 and USP8. Mutations in the MAGE homology domain of MAGEL2 suppress RNF41 stabilization and prevent the MAGEL2-mediated increase of cell surface LepR. Thus, MAGEL2 and necdin together control LepR sorting and degradation through a dynamic ubiquitin-dependent pathway. Loss of MAGEL2 and necdin may uncouple LepR from ubiquitination pathways, providing a cellular mechanism for obesity in PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leentje De Ceuninck
- Department of Biochemistry, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delphine Masschaele
- Department of Biochemistry, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthea R Sanderson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | | | - Jan Tavernier
- Department of Biochemistry, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rachel Wevrick
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
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11
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Kalinowska K, Isono E. All roads lead to the vacuole-autophagic transport as part of the endomembrane trafficking network in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1313-1324. [PMID: 29165603 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants regulate their development and response to the changing environment by sensing and interpreting environmental signals. Intracellular trafficking pathways including endocytic-, vacuolar-, and autophagic trafficking are important for the various aspects of responses in plants. Studies in the last decade have shown that the autophagic transport pathway uses common key components of endomembrane trafficking as well as specific regulators. A number of factors previously described for their function in endosomal trafficking have been discovered to be involved in the regulation of autophagy in plants. These include conserved endocytic machineries, such as the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), subunits of the HOPS and exocyst complexes, SNAREs, and RAB GTPases as well as plant-specific proteins. Defects in these factors have been shown to cause impairment of autophagosome formation, transport, fusion, and degradation, suggesting crosstalk between autophagy and other intracellular trafficking processes. In this review, we focus mainly on possible functions of endosomal trafficking components in autophagy.
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12
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Tan T, Zimmermann M, Reichert AS. Controlling quality and amount of mitochondria by mitophagy: insights into the role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination. Biol Chem 2017; 397:637-47. [PMID: 27145142 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective autophagy pathway conserved in eukaryotes and plays an essential role in mitochondrial quality and quantity control. Mitochondrial fission and fusion cycles maintain a certain amount of healthy mitochondria and allow the isolation of damaged mitochondria for their elimination by mitophagy. Mitophagy can be classified into receptor-dependent and ubiquitin-dependent pathways. The mitochondrial outer membrane protein Atg32 is identified as the only known receptor for mitophagy in baker's yeast, whereas mitochondrial proteins FUNDC1, NIX/BNIP3L, BNIP3 and Bcl2L13 are recognized as mitophagy receptors in mammalian cells. Earlier studies showed that ubiquitination and deubiquitination occurs in yeast, yet there is no direct evidence for an ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy pathway in this organism. In contrast, a ubiquitin-/PINK1-/Parkin-dependent mitophagy pathway was unraveled and was extensively characterized in mammals in recent years. Recently, a quantitative method termed synthetic quantitative array (SQA) technology was developed to identify modulators of mitophagy in baker's yeast on a genome-wide level. The Ubp3-Bre5 deubiquitination complex was found as a negative regulator of mitophagy while promoting other autophagic pathways. Here we discuss how ubiquitination and deubiquitination regulates mitophagy and other selective forms of autophagy and what argues for using baker's yeast as a model to study the ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy pathway.
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Daniel E, Newell-Price J. Recent advances in understanding Cushing disease: resistance to glucocorticoid negative feedback and somatic USP8 mutations. F1000Res 2017; 6:613. [PMID: 28529722 PMCID: PMC5414817 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10968.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cushing’s disease is a rare disease with a characteristic phenotype due to significant hypercortisolism driven by over-secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone and to high morbidity and mortality if untreated. It is caused by a corticotroph adenoma of the pituitary, but the exact mechanisms leading to tumorigenesis are not clear. Recent advances in molecular biology such as the discovery of somatic mutations of the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (
USP8) gene allow new insights into the pathogenesis, which could be translated into exciting and much-needed therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Daniel
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Newell-Price
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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Clague MJ, Urbé S. Integration of cellular ubiquitin and membrane traffic systems: focus on deubiquitylases. FEBS J 2017; 284:1753-1766. [PMID: 28064438 PMCID: PMC5484354 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cell is comprised of integrated multilevel protein networks or systems. The ubiquitin, protein homeostasis and membrane trafficking systems are highly integrated. Here, we look at the influence of reversible ubiquitylation on membrane trafficking and organelle dynamics. We review the regulation of endocytic sorting, selective autophagy and the secretory pathway by ubiquitin signals, with a particular focus on detailing the contribution of deubiquitylating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Clague
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Sylvie Urbé
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
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Jacomin AC, Fauvarque MO, Taillebourg E. A functional endosomal pathway is necessary for lysosome biogenesis in Drosophila. BMC Cell Biol 2016; 17:36. [PMID: 27852225 PMCID: PMC5112658 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-016-0115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lysosomes are the major catabolic compartment within eukaryotic cells, and their biogenesis requires the integration of the biosynthetic and endosomal pathways. Endocytosis and autophagy are the primary inputs of the lysosomal degradation pathway. Endocytosis is specifically needed for the degradation of membrane proteins whereas autophagy is responsible for the degradation of cytoplasmic components. We previously identified the deubiquitinating enzyme UBPY/USP8 as being necessary for lysosomal biogenesis and productive autophagy in Drosophila. Because UBPY/USP8 has been widely described for its function in the endosomal system, we hypothesized that disrupting the endosomal pathway itself may affect the biogenesis of the lysosomes. Results In the present study, we blocked the progression of the endosomal pathway at different levels of maturation of the endosomes by expressing in fat body cells either dsRNAs or dominant negative mutants targeting components of the endosomal machinery: Shibire, Rab4, Rab5, Chmp1 and Rab7. We observed that inhibition of endosomal trafficking at different steps in vivo is systematically associated with defects in lysosome biogenesis, resulting in autophagy flux blockade. Conclusion Our results show that the integrity of the endosomal system is required for lysosome biogenesis and productive autophagy in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12860-016-0115-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Jacomin
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38041, Grenoble, France.,CEA-DSV-iRTSV-BGE-Gen&Chem, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.,INSERM, U1038, F-38054, Grenoble, France.,Present address: School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Marie-Odile Fauvarque
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38041, Grenoble, France. .,CEA-DSV-iRTSV-BGE-Gen&Chem, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France. .,INSERM, U1038, F-38054, Grenoble, France.
| | - Emmanuel Taillebourg
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38041, Grenoble, France. .,CEA-DSV-iRTSV-BGE-Gen&Chem, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France. .,INSERM, U1038, F-38054, Grenoble, France.
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Mao BH, Tsai JC, Chen CW, Yan SJ, Wang YJ. Mechanisms of silver nanoparticle-induced toxicity and important role of autophagy. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1021-40. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1189614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Hsu Mao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan,
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC,
| | - Jui-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC,
| | - Chun-Wan Chen
- Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Ministry of Labor, Sijhih District, New Taipei City, Taiwan ROC,
| | - Shian-Jang Yan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC,
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan,
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Wufeng District, Taichung City, Taiwan ROC,
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan ROC
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