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Federico S, Margiotta E, Moro S, Kachler S, Klotz KN, Spalluto G. Potent and selective A 3 adenosine receptor antagonists bearing aminoesters as heterobifunctional moieties. RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:254-262. [PMID: 34046614 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00380h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A3 adenosine receptors were found to have a role in different pathological states, such as glaucoma, renal fibrosis, neuropathic pain and cancer. Consequently, it is important to utilize any molecular tool which could help to study these conditions. In the present study we continue our search for potent A3 adenosine receptor ligands which could be successively conjugated to other molecules with the aim of obtaining more potent (e.g. allosteric ligand conjugation) or detectable ligands (e.g. fluorescent molecule or biotin conjugation). Specifically, different aminoester moieties were introduced at the 5 position of the pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine core. The ester functionalization represents the candidate for the subsequent conjugation. All the reported compounds are potent hA3 adenosine receptor antagonists and some of them exhibited high selectivity against the other adenosine receptors. The main structural terms of ligand recognition and selectivity were disclosed by molecular modelling studies. Molecular docking results led to the characterization of an alternative binding mode for antagonists at the orthosteric binding site of the hA3 adenosine receptor, evaluated and assessed by classical molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Enrico Margiotta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova via Marzolo 5 35131 Padova Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Cagliari Cittadella Universitaria S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700 09042 Monserrato (CA), Cagliari Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova via Marzolo 5 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg Versbacher Strasse 9 97078 Würzburg Germany
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg Versbacher Strasse 9 97078 Würzburg Germany
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
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Luo J, Chen P, Song C. An Overview of the Synthesis of Pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine Compounds. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x16666190723124839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolotriazolopyrimidines are an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles
that can act as a charismatic target and exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. These compounds
have received much attention because they are an attractive scaffold for the preparation of adenosine
receptor antagonists. Herein, we focus on an overview of the synthesis of these compounds with the
aim of assisting in the discovery of new pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Luo
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Puqing Chen
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Chonghu Song
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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3
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Federico S, Margiotta E, Paoletta S, Kachler S, Klotz KN, Jacobson KA, Pastorin G, Moro S, Spalluto G. Pyrazolo[4,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- c]pyrimidines to develop functionalized ligands to target adenosine receptors: fluorescent ligands as an example. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1094-1108. [PMID: 31391881 PMCID: PMC6644567 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of adenosine receptor antagonists bearing a reactive linker was developed. Functionalization of these derivatives is useful to easily obtain multi-target ligands, receptor probes, drug delivery systems, and diagnostic or theranostic systems. The pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine scaffold was chosen as a pharmacophore for the adenosine receptors. It was substituted at the 5 position with reactive linkers of different lengths. Then, these compounds were used to synthesise probes for the adenosine receptors by functionalization with a fluorescent moiety. Both series of compounds were evaluated for their binding at the four adenosine receptor subtypes. Different affinity and selectivity profiles were observed towards hA1, hA2A and hA3 adenosine receptors. In particular, fluorescent compounds behave as dual hA2A/hA3 ligands. Computational studies suggested different binding modes for developed compounds at the three receptors. Both molecular docking and supervised molecular dynamics (SuMD) simulations confirmed that the preferred binding mode at the single receptor was driven by the substitution present at the 5 position. Obtained results rationalized the compounds' binding profile at the adenosine receptors and pave the way for the development of more potent conjugable and conjugated ligands targeting these membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Federico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , Via Licio Giorgeri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy .
| | - Enrico Margiotta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS) , Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via F. Marzolo 5 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS) , Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via F. Marzolo 5 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxicologie , Universität Würzburg , Versbacher Straße 9 , 97078 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxicologie , Universität Würzburg , Versbacher Straße 9 , 97078 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 Singapore
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS) , Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via F. Marzolo 5 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , Via Licio Giorgeri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy .
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4
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Fong P, Ao CN, Tou KI, Huang KM, Cheong CC, Meng LR. Experimental and In Silico Analysis of Cordycepin and its Derivatives as Endometrial Cancer Treatment. Oncol Res 2018; 27:237-251. [PMID: 29673423 PMCID: PMC7848235 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15235274183790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effects of cordycepin and its derivatives on endometrial cancer cell growth. Cytotoxicity MTT assays, clonogenic assays, and flow cytometry were used to observe the effects on apoptosis and regulation of the cell cycle of Ishikawa cells under various concentrations of cordycepin, cisplatin, and combinations of the two. Validated in silico docking simulations were performed on 31 cordycepin derivatives against adenosine deaminase (ADA) to predict their binding affinities and hence their potential tendency to be metabolized by ADA. Cordycepin has a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. The combination of cordycepin and cisplatin produced greater inhibition effects than did cordycepin alone. Apoptosis investigations confirmed the ability of cordycepin to induce the apoptosis of Ishikawa cells. The in silico results indicate that compound MRS5698 is least metabolized by ADA and has acceptable drug likeness and safety profiles. This is the first study to confirm the cytotoxic effects of cordycepin on endometrial cancer cells. This study also identified cordycepin derivatives with promising pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties for further investigation in the development of new treatments for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fong
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Cheng N Ao
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Kai I Tou
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Ka M Huang
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Chi C Cheong
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Li R Meng
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, P.R. China
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