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Kuzmina A, Wattad S, Engel S, Rosenberg E, Taube R. Functional Analysis of Spike from SARS-CoV-2 Variants Reveals the Role of Distinct Mutations in Neutralization Potential and Viral Infectivity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040803. [PMID: 35458533 PMCID: PMC9030214 DOI: 10.3390/v14040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced viral transmission and escape from vaccine–elicited neutralizing antibodies drive worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants and promote disease progression. However, the impact of specific spike mutations that are carried by different viral variants on viral infectivity and neutralization sensitivity has not been completely defined. Here, we use pseudoviruses to assess the contribution of spike mutations within the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and the Furin Cleavage Site (FCS), and appear in circulating viral variants, on viral infectivity and neutralization potential against sera that was drawn from fully vaccinated individuals. Our functional analysis demonstrates that single, P681H, P681R or A701V–FCS mutations do not play a role in viral infectivity and neutralization potential. However, when in conjunction with the RBD–N501Y mutation, viral infectivity is enhanced. Similarly, combining the E484K–RBD mutation to the spike that carries FCS mutations reduces neutralization sensitivity with no effects on viral infectivity. Employing a similar approach onto the spike from Delta or Lota SARS-CoV-2 variants further reveals that specific RBD mutations affect neutralization sensitivity or viral infectivity differently. Our results validate the efficacy of the Pfizer third dose vaccine against Delta and Lota SARS-CoV-2 variants, and outline the significance of distinct RBD mutations in promoting viral infectivity and neutralization sensitivity to post–vaccination sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alona Kuzmina
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Seraj Wattad
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Stanislav Engel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | | | - Ran Taube
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.K.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence:
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2
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Korie NPU, Tandoh KZ, Kwofie SK, Quaye O. Therapeutic potential of HIV-1 entry inhibitor peptidomimetics. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1060-1068. [PMID: 33596698 PMCID: PMC8113741 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221990870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection remains a public health concern globally. Although great strides in the management of HIV-1 have been achieved, current highly active antiretroviral therapy is limited by multidrug resistance, prolonged use-related effects, and inability to purge the HIV-1 latent pool. Even though novel therapeutic options with HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are being explored, the scalability of bNAbs is limited by economic cost of production and obligatory requirement for parenteral administration. However, these limitations can be addressed by antibody mimetics/peptidomimetics of HIV-1 bNAbs. In this review we discuss the limitations of HIV-1 bNAbs as HIV-1 entry inhibitors and explore the potential therapeutic use of antibody mimetics/peptidomimetics of HIV-1 entry inhibitors as an alternative for HIV-1 bNAbs. We highlight the reduced cost of production, high specificity, and oral bioavailability of peptidomimetics compared to bNAbs to demonstrate their suitability as candidates for novel HIV-1 therapy and conclude with some perspectives on future research toward HIV-1 novel drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nneka PU Korie
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Kwesi Z Tandoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Samuel K Kwofie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
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3
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Guryanov I, Real-Fernández F, Sabatino G, Prisco N, Korzhikov-Vlakh V, Biondi B, Papini AM, Korzhikova-Vlakh E, Rovero P, Tennikova T. Modeling interaction between gp120 HIV protein and CCR5 receptor. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3142. [PMID: 30680875 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of the process of HIV entry into the host cell and the creation of biomimetic nanosystems that are able to selectively bind viral particles and proteins is a high priority research area for the development of novel diagnostic tools and treatment of HIV infection. Recently, we described multilayer nanoparticles (nanotraps) with heparin surface and cationic peptides comprising the N-terminal tail (Nt) and the second extracellular loop (ECL2) of CCR5 receptor, which could bind with high affinity some inflammatory chemokines, in particular, Rantes. Because of the similarity of the binding determinants in CCR5 structure, both for chemokines and gp120 HIV protein, here we expand this approach to the study of the interactions of these biomimetic nanosystems and their components with the peptide representing the V3 loop of the activated form of gp120. According to surface plasmon resonance results, a conformational rearrangement is involved in the process of V3 and CCR5 fragments binding. As in the case of Rantes, ECL2 peptide showed much higher affinity to V3 peptide than Nt (KD = 3.72 × 10-8 and 1.10 × 10-6 M, respectively). Heparin-covered nanoparticles bearing CCR5 peptides effectively bound V3 as well. The presence of both heparin and the peptides in the structure of the nanotraps was shown to be crucial for the interaction with the V3 loop. Thus, short cationic peptides ECL2 and Nt proved to be excellent candidates for the design of CCR5 receptor mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Guryanov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - F Real-Fernández
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Sabatino
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,CNR Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - N Prisco
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - V Korzhikov-Vlakh
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - B Biondi
- CNR-ICB, Padova Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - A M Papini
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,PeptLab@UCP Platform and Laboratory of Chemical Biology EA4505, University Paris-Seine, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise CEDEX, France
| | - E Korzhikova-Vlakh
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - P Rovero
- CNR Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, 95126, Catania, Italy.,Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - T Tennikova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
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Aneja R, Grigoletto A, Nangarlia A, Rashad AA, Wrenn S, Jacobson JM, Pasut G, Chaiken I. Pharmacokinetic stability of macrocyclic peptide triazole HIV-1 inactivators alone and in liposomes. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3155. [PMID: 30809901 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported the discovery of macrocyclic peptide triazoles (cPTs) that bind to HIV-1 Env gp120, inhibit virus cell infection with nanomolar potencies, and cause irreversible virion inactivation. Given the appealing virus-killing activity of cPTs and resistance to protease cleavage observed in vitro, we here investigated in vivo pharmacokinetics of the cPT AAR029b. AAR029b was investigated both alone and encapsulated in a PEGylated liposome formulation that was designed to slowly release inhibitor. Pharmacokinetic analysis in rats showed that the half-life of FITC-AAR029b was substantial both alone and liposome-encapsulated, 2.92 and 8.87 hours, respectively. Importantly, liposome-encapsulated FITC-AAR029b exhibited a 15-fold reduced clearance rate from serum compared with the free FITC-cPT. This work thus demonstrated both the in vivo stability of cPT alone and the extent of pharmacokinetic enhancement via liposome encapsulation. The results obtained open the way to further develop cPTs as long-acting HIV-1 inactivators against HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Aneja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonella Grigoletto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Aakansha Nangarlia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adel A Rashad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Wrenn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Jacobson
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience and Center of Translational AIDS Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gianfranco Pasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Irwin Chaiken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Guryanov I, Cipriani S, Fiorucci S, Zashikhina N, Marchianò S, Scarpelli P, Korzhikov-Vlakh V, Popova E, Korzhikova-Vlakh E, Biondi B, Formaggio F, Tennikova T. Nanotraps with biomimetic surface as decoys for chemokines. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:2575-2585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Lipid raft-like liposomes used for targeted delivery of a chimeric entry-inhibitor peptide with anti-HIV-1 activity. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:601-609. [PMID: 27565689 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The work reports the design and synthesis of a chimeric peptide that is composed of the peptide sequences of two entry inhibitors which target different sites of HIV-1 gp41. The chimeric peptide offers the advantage of targeting two gp41 regions simultaneously: the fusion peptide and the loop both of which are membrane active and participate in the membrane fusion process. We therefore use lipid raft-like liposomes as a tool to specifically direct the chimeric inhibitor peptide to the membrane domains where the HIV-1 envelope protein is located. Moreover, the liposomes that mimic the viral membrane composition protect the chimeric peptide against proteolytic digestion thereby increasing the stability of the peptide. The described liposome preparations are suitable nanosystems for managing hydrophobic entry-inhibitor peptides as putative therapeutics.
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Woodham AW, Skeate JG, Sanna AM, Taylor JR, Da Silva DM, Cannon PM, Kast WM. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immune Cell Receptors, Coreceptors, and Cofactors: Implications for Prevention and Treatment. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2016; 30:291-306. [PMID: 27410493 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2016.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last three decades, extensive research on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has highlighted its capability to exploit a variety of strategies to enter and infect immune cells. Although CD4(+) T cells are well known as the major HIV target, with infection occurring through the canonical combination of the cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) receptor and either the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) or C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) coreceptors, HIV has also been found to enter other important immune cell types such as macrophages, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, B cells, and granulocytes. Interestingly, the expression of distinct cellular cofactors partially regulates the rate in which HIV infects each distinct cell type. Furthermore, HIV can benefit from the acquisition of new proteins incorporated into its envelope during budding events. While several publications have investigated details of how HIV manipulates particular cell types or subtypes, an up-to-date comprehensive review on HIV tropism for different immune cells is lacking. Therefore, this review is meant to focus on the different receptors, coreceptors, and cofactors that HIV exploits to enter particular immune cells. Additionally, prophylactic approaches that have targeted particular molecules associated with HIV entry and infection of different immune cells will be discussed. Unveiling the underlying cellular receptors and cofactors that lead to HIV preference for specific immune cell populations is crucial in identifying novel preventative/therapeutic targets for comprehensive strategies to eliminate viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Woodham
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph G. Skeate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adriana M. Sanna
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julia R. Taylor
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Diane M. Da Silva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paula M. Cannon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - W. Martin Kast
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Correction: Functional Mimetics of the HIV-1 CCR5 Co-Receptor Displayed on the Surface of Magnetic Liposomes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0146309. [PMID: 26713851 PMCID: PMC4703134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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