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Bliton JN, Parides M, Muscarella P, Papalezova KT, In H. Understanding Racial Disparities in Gastrointestinal Cancer Outcomes: Lack of Surgery Contributes to Lower Survival in African American Patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:529-538. [PMID: 33303644 PMCID: PMC8049948 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Race/ethnicity-related differences in rates of cancer surgery and cancer mortality have been observed for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. This study aims to estimate the extent to which differences in receipt of surgery explain racial/ethnic disparities in cancer survival. METHODS The National Cancer Database was used to obtain data for patients diagnosed with stage I-III mid-esophageal, distal esophagus/gastric cardia (DEGC), noncardia gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer in years 2004-2015. Mediation analysis was used to identify variables influencing the relationship between race/ethnicity and mortality, including surgery. RESULTS A total of 600,063 patients were included in the study: 3.5% mid-esophageal, 12.4% DEGC, 4.9% noncardia gastric, 17.0% pancreatic, 40.1% colon, and 22.0% rectal cancers. The operative rates for Black patients were low relative to White patients, with absolute differences of 21.0%, 19.9%, 2.3%, 8.3%, 1.6%, and 7.7%. Adjustment for age, stage, and comorbidities revealed even lower odds of receiving surgery for Black patients compared with White patients. The observed HRs for Black patients compared with White patients ranged from 1.01 to 1.42. Mediation analysis showed that receipt of surgery and socioeconomic factors had greatest influence on the survival disparity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that Black patients appear to be undertreated compared with White patients for GI cancers. The disproportionately low operative rates contribute to the known survival disparity between Black and White patients. IMPACT Interventions to reduce barriers to surgery for Black patients should be promoted to reduce disparities in GI cancer outcomes.See related commentary by Hébert, p. 438.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Bliton
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Michael Parides
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Peter Muscarella
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Katia T Papalezova
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Haejin In
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Cao J, Chen J, Zhang Q, Wu J, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhao D, Zhang Q, Yang W, Chen Z. Ethnic disparities in demographic, clinicopathologic and biological behaviours and prognosis of gastric cancer in northwest China. Cancer Med 2020; 9:9353-9364. [PMID: 33084161 PMCID: PMC7774720 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to investigate ethnic disparities in demographic, clinicopathologic, and biological behaviours of gastric cancer (GC) in a high GC incidence area of China. There were 5022 GC patients, including 3987 Han (79.4%) and 987 Hui (14.4%) patients from Northwest China. All patient data were retrieved from 2009 to 2017. Median survival was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the impact of covariates. Similarly, low 5‐year OS rates were observed in both the Hui and Han groups (23.8% and 24.2% respectively). Hui patients with stage T1 or N0 or with tumours <5 cm had 2.144‐fold, 1.426‐fold and 1.305‐fold increased risks of poor prognosis compared with Han patients with these characteristics respectively (all p < 0.05). Further, Hui patients had 1.265‐fold, 1.364‐fold and 1.401‐fold increased risks of poor prognosis compared with Han patients among those with high expression of Ki67, EGFR and VEGF respectively (all p < 0.05). There are ethnic disparities in the prognosis of GC patients in Northwest China. Understanding the effects of ethnicity on GC will guide reasonable evaluations of prognosis and future interventions to equalise access to high‐quality care for GC patients of different ethnicities in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- Medical Research Center, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ministry of Education), Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ministry of Education), Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ministry of Education), Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenfan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ministry of Education), Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Medical Research Center, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ministry of Education), Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Radiology, the General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Cao J, Yang T, Wang G, Zhang H, You Y, Chen J, Yang J, Yang W. Analysis of the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors in 734 cases of Chinese Hui and Han patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. Surg Oncol 2018; 27:556-562. [PMID: 30217319 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of 734 cases of Chinese Hui and Han patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG). METHODS In total, 734 patients were confirmed to have AEG by gastroscopy and pathology at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University between January 2002 and December 2012. Univariate and multivariate analyses of demographic, clinicopathological, and prognostic data were performed. RESULTS In total, 734 AEG patients underwent surgical intervention, including 169 Hui patients and 565 Han patients. The male to female ratio was 9.5:1 in Hui patients and 6.4:1 in Han patients, and the average age in both groups was approximately 61 years. The Han patients were more likely to have a cigarette smoking history and an alcohol consumption history than the Hui patients (58.8% vs. 29.4%, p = 0.000; 45.8% vs. 14.6%, p = 0.000). The 5-year survival rate in the Hui and Han patients was 54.3% and 39.9%, respectively (p = 0.024). Age (p = 0.005), sex (p = 0.015), pathologic T stage (p = 0.056), pathologic N stage (p = 0.000), pathologic M stage (p = 0.001), number of resected lymph nodes (p = 0.001) and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.002) were significant independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION The AEG patients were primarily male and elderly in both Hui and Han groups with the prognosis of Hui patients better than Han patients. Age, sex, pathologic T3-4 stage, pathologic N stage, pathologic M stage, number of resected lymph nodes, and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy were significant independent factors predictive of the prognosis of AEG in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ministry of Education), Cancer Institute of the General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China; Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, 264400, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistic, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Guanhua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ministry of Education), Cancer Institute of the General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Yanjie You
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ministry of Education), Cancer Institute of the General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistic, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ministry of Education), Cancer Institute of the General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistic, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.
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Hong EP, Jeon JP, Kim SE, Yang JS, Choi HJ, Kang SH, Cho YJ. A Novel Association between Lysyl Oxidase Gene Polymorphism and Intracranial Aneurysm in Koreans. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:1006-1011. [PMID: 28792146 PMCID: PMC5552627 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.5.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lysyl oxidase (LOX) controls the cross-linking and maturation of elastin and collagen fibers. In this study, we investigated the association between LOX gene polymorphisms and intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation in a homogeneous Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 80 age-sex matched patients with IA and controls. Fisher's exact test was performed to analyze allelic associations between ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and IA, including 41 ruptured and 39 unruptured cases. Haplotype-specific associations were analyzed using the omnibus test estimating asymptotic chi-square statistics. RESULTS Of ten SNPs, three SNPs (rs2303656, rs3900446, and rs763497) were significantly associated with IA (p<0.01). The C allele of rs3900446 was significantly related to increased IA risk with a significant threshold [odds ratio (OR)=20.15, p=4.8×10⁻⁵]. Meanwhile, the A allele of rs2303656 showed a preventive effect against IA formation (p=8.2×10⁻⁴). Seventeen of 247 haplotype structures showed a suggestive association with IA (asymptotic p<0.001). Of ten SNP haplotype combinations, the CG combination of rs3900446 and rs763497 reached Bonferroni-adjusted significant threshold in IA patients (minor haplotype frequency=0.113, asymptotic p=1.3×10⁻⁵). However, there was no association between aneurysm rupture and the LOX gene. CONCLUSION This preliminary study indicated that LOX gene polymorphisms, such as rs2303656, rs3900446, and rs763497, may play crucial roles in IA formation in the Korean population. Our novel findings need to be validated in a large-scale independent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Pyo Hong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jin Pyeong Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Emergency Operations Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyuk Jai Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Suk Hyung Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yong Jun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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