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Xu W, Cheng H, Cheng J, Zhu S, Cui Y, Wang C, Wu J, Lan X, Cheng Y. A COBRA family protein, PtrCOB3, contributes to gelatinous layer formation of tension wood fibers in poplar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:323-337. [PMID: 38850037 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Angiosperm trees usually develop tension wood (TW) in response to gravitational stimulation. TW comprises abundant gelatinous (G-) fibers with thick G-layers primarily composed of crystalline cellulose. Understanding the pivotal factors governing G-layer formation in TW fiber remains elusive. This study elucidates the role of a Populus trichocarpa COBRA family protein, PtrCOB3, in the G-layer formation of TW fibers. PtrCOB3 expression was upregulated, and its promoter activity was enhanced during TW formation. Comparative analysis with wild-type trees revealed that ptrcob3 mutants, mediated by Cas9/gRNA gene editing, were incapable of producing G-layers within TW fibers and showed severely impaired stem lift. Fluorescence immunolabeling data revealed a dearth of crystalline cellulose in the tertiary cell wall (TCW) of ptrcob3 TW fibers. The role of PtrCOB3 in G-layer formation is contingent upon its native promoter, as evidenced by the comparative phenotypic assessments of pCOB11::PtrCOB3, pCOB3::PtrCOB3, and pCOB3::PtrCOB11 transgenic lines in the ptrcob3 background. Overexpression of PtrCOB3 under the control of its native promoter expedited G-layer formation within TW fibers. We further identified 3 transcription factors that bind to the PtrCOB3 promoter and positively regulate its transcriptional levels. Alongside the primary TCW synthesis genes, these findings enable the construction of a 2-layer transcriptional regulatory network for the G-layer formation of TW fibers. Overall, this study uncovers mechanistic insight into TW formation, whereby a specific COB protein executes the deposition of cellulose, and consequently, G-layer formation within TW fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiyao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Siran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yongyao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jianzhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xingguo Lan
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuxiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Li P, Chen Y, Yang R, Sun Z, Ge Q, Xiao X, Yang S, Li Y, Liu Q, Zhang A, Xing B, Wu B, Du X, Liu X, Tang B, Gong J, Lu Q, Shi Y, Yuan Y, Peng R, Shang H. Co-Expression Network Analysis and Introgressive Gene Identification for Fiber Length and Strength Reveal Transcriptional Differences in 15 Cotton Chromosome Substitution Segment Lines and Their Upland and Sea Island Parents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2308. [PMID: 39204744 PMCID: PMC11359254 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Fiber length (FL) and strength (FS) are the core indicators for evaluating cotton fiber quality. The corresponding stages of fiber elongation and secondary wall thickening are of great significance in determining FL and FS formation, respectively. QTL mapping and high-throughput sequencing technology have been applied to dissect the molecular mechanism of fiber development. In this study, 15 cotton chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with significant differences in FL and FS, together with their recurrent parental Gossypium hirsutum line CCRI45 and donor parent G. barbadense line Hai1, were chosen to conduct RNA-seq on developing fiber samples at 10 days post anthesis (DPA) and 20 DPA. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained via pairwise comparisons among all 24 samples (each one with three biological repeats). A total of 969 DEGs related to FL-high, 1285 DEGs to FS-high, and 997 DEGs to FQ-high were identified. The functional enrichment analyses of them indicated that the GO terms of cell wall structure and ROS, carbohydrate, and phenylpropanoid metabolism were significantly enriched, while the GO terms of glucose and polysaccharide biosynthesis, and brassinosteroid and glycosylphosphatidylinositol metabolism could make great contributions to FL and FS formation, respectively. Weighted gene co-expressed network analyses (WGCNA) were separately conducted for analyzing FL and FS traits, and their corresponding hub DEGs were screened in significantly correlated expression modules, such as EXPA8, XTH, and HMA in the fiber elongation and WRKY, TDT, and RAC-like 2 during secondary wall thickening. An integrated analysis of these hub DEGs with previous QTL identification results successfully identified a total of 33 candidate introgressive DEGs with non-synonymous mutations between the Gh and Gb species. A common DEG encoding receptor-like protein kinase 1 was reported to likely participate in fiber secondary cell thickening regulation by brassionsteroid signaling. Such valuable information was conducive to enlightening the developing mechanism of cotton fiber and also provided an abundant gene pool for further molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (P.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (P.L.); (Y.C.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (R.Y.); (Z.S.); (Q.G.)
| | - Rui Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (R.Y.); (Z.S.); (Q.G.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Seventh Division Agricultural Research Institute, Kuitun 833200, China
| | - Zhihao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (R.Y.); (Z.S.); (Q.G.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qun Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (R.Y.); (Z.S.); (Q.G.)
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (P.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shuhan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (P.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yanfang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (P.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Qiankun Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (P.L.); (Y.C.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (R.Y.); (Z.S.); (Q.G.)
| | - Aiming Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (P.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Baoguang Xing
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (P.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Bei Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (P.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xue Du
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (P.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (P.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Baomeng Tang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (P.L.); (Y.C.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (R.Y.); (Z.S.); (Q.G.)
| | - Juwu Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (R.Y.); (Z.S.); (Q.G.)
| | - Quanwei Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (R.Y.); (Z.S.); (Q.G.)
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (R.Y.); (Z.S.); (Q.G.)
| | - Youlu Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (R.Y.); (Z.S.); (Q.G.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Agricultural Technology Popularization Center of Kashgar, Kashgar 844000, China
| | - Renhai Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (P.L.); (Y.C.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haihong Shang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Asfaw A, Agre P, Matsumoto R, Olatunji AA, Edemodu A, Olusola T, Odom-Kolombia OL, Adesokan M, Alamu OE, Adebola P, Asiedu R, Maziya-Dixon B. Genome-wide dissection of the genetic factors underlying food quality in boiled and pounded white Guinea yam. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4880-4894. [PMID: 37386916 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food quality traits related to the genetics of yam influence the acceptability for its consumption. This study aimed at identifying genetic factors underlying sensory and textural quality attributes of boiled and pounded yam, the two dominant food products from white Guinea yam. RESULTS A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of a panel of 184 genotypes derived from five multi-parent crosses population was conducted. The panel was phenotyped for the qualities of boiled and pounded yam using sensory quality and instrument-based textural profile assays. The genotypes displayed significant variation for most of the attributes. Population differentiation and structure analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) and population structure-based Bayesian information criteria revealed the presence of four well-defined clusters. The GWAS results from a multi-random mixed linear model with kinship and PCA used as covariate identified 13 single-nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers significantly associated with the boiled and pounded yam food qualities. The associated SNP markers explained 7.51-13.04% of the total phenotypic variance with a limit of detection exceeding 4. CONCLUSION Regions on chromosomes 7 and 15 were found to be associated with boiled and pounded yam quality attributes from sensory and instrument-based assays. Gene annotation analysis for the regions of associated SNPs revealed co-localization of several known putative genes involved in glucose export, hydrolysis and glycerol metabolism. Our study is one of the first reports of genetic factors underlying the boiled and pounded yam food quality to pave the way for marker-assisted selection in white Guinea yam. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrat Asfaw
- Yam Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
- Yam Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Paterne Agre
- Yam Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ryo Matsumoto
- Yam Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Alex Edemodu
- Yam Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Theresa Olusola
- Yam Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Michael Adesokan
- Food and Nutrition Sciences Laboratory, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oladeji Emmanuel Alamu
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Southern Africa Research and Administration Hub (SARAH) Campus, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patrick Adebola
- Yam Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Robert Asiedu
- Yam Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Busie Maziya-Dixon
- Food and Nutrition Sciences Laboratory, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
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Monterisi S, Zhang L, Garcia-Perez P, Alzate Zuluaga MY, Ciriello M, El-Nakhel C, Buffagni V, Cardarelli M, Colla G, Rouphael Y, Cesco S, Lucini L, Pii Y. Integrated multi-omic approach reveals the effect of a Graminaceae-derived biostimulant and its lighter fraction on salt-stressed lettuce plants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10710. [PMID: 38729985 PMCID: PMC11087557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant biostimulants are widely applied in agriculture for their ability to improve plant fitness. In the present work, the impact of Graminaceae-derived protein hydrolysate (P) and its lighter molecular fraction F3 (< 1 kDa) on lettuce plants, subjected to either no salt or high salt conditions, was investigated through the combination of metabolomics and transcriptomics. The results showed that both treatments significantly modulated the transcriptome and metabolome of plants under salinity stress, highlighting an induction of the hormonal response. Nevertheless, P and F3 also displayed several peculiarities. F3 specifically modulated the response to ethylene and MAPK signaling pathway, whereas P treatment induced a down-accumulation of secondary metabolites, albeit genes controlling the biosynthesis of osmoprotectants and antioxidants were up-regulated. Moreover, according with the auxin response modulation, P promoted cell wall biogenesis and plasticity in salt-stressed plants. Notably, our data also outlined an epigenetic control of gene expression induced by P treatment. Contrarily, experimental data are just partially in agreement when not stressed plants, treated with P or F3, were considered. Indeed, the reduced accumulation of secondary metabolites and the analyses of hormone pathways modulation would suggest a preferential allocation of resources towards growth, that is not coherent with the down-regulation of the photosynthetic machinery, the CO2 assimilation rate and leaves biomass. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that, although they might activate different mechanisms, both the P and F3 can result in similar benefits, as far as the accumulation of protective osmolytes and the enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress are concerned. Notably, the F3 fraction exhibits slightly greater growth promotion effects under high salt conditions. Most importantly, this research further corroborates that biostimulants' mode of action is dependent on plants' physiological status and their composition, underscoring the importance of investigating the bioactivity of the different molecular components to design tailored applications for the agricultural practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Monterisi
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Pascual Garcia-Perez
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Michele Ciriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Valentina Buffagni
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Youry Pii
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
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Wen X, Chen Z, Yang Z, Wang M, Jin S, Wang G, Zhang L, Wang L, Li J, Saeed S, He S, Wang Z, Wang K, Kong Z, Li F, Zhang X, Chen X, Zhu Y. A comprehensive overview of cotton genomics, biotechnology and molecular biological studies. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2214-2256. [PMID: 36899210 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is an irreplaceable economic crop currently domesticated in the human world for its extremely elongated fiber cells specialized in seed epidermis, which makes it of high research and application value. To date, numerous research on cotton has navigated various aspects, from multi-genome assembly, genome editing, mechanism of fiber development, metabolite biosynthesis, and analysis to genetic breeding. Genomic and 3D genomic studies reveal the origin of cotton species and the spatiotemporal asymmetric chromatin structure in fibers. Mature multiple genome editing systems, such as CRISPR/Cas9, Cas12 (Cpf1) and cytidine base editing (CBE), have been widely used in the study of candidate genes affecting fiber development. Based on this, the cotton fiber cell development network has been preliminarily drawn. Among them, the MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) transcription factor complex and IAA and BR signaling pathway regulate the initiation; various plant hormones, including ethylene, mediated regulatory network and membrane protein overlap fine-regulate elongation. Multistage transcription factors targeting CesA 4, 7, and 8 specifically dominate the whole process of secondary cell wall thickening. And fluorescently labeled cytoskeletal proteins can observe real-time dynamic changes in fiber development. Furthermore, research on the synthesis of cotton secondary metabolite gossypol, resistance to diseases and insect pests, plant architecture regulation, and seed oil utilization are all conducive to finding more high-quality breeding-related genes and subsequently facilitating the cultivation of better cotton varieties. This review summarizes the paramount research achievements in cotton molecular biology over the last few decades from the above aspects, thereby enabling us to conduct a status review on the current studies of cotton and provide strong theoretical support for the future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Wen
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhiwen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Zuoren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Maojun Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lingjian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianying Li
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sumbul Saeed
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shoupu He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhaosheng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China.
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Yuxian Zhu
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Sajjad M, Ahmad A, Riaz MW, Hussain Q, Yasir M, Lu M. Recent genome resequencing paraded COBRA- Like gene family roles in abiotic stress and wood formation in Poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1242836. [PMID: 37780503 PMCID: PMC10540467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1242836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A cell wall determines the mechanical properties of a cell, serves as a barrier against plant stresses, and allows cell division and growth processes. The COBRA-Like (COBL) gene family encodes a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that controls cellulose deposition and cell progression in plants by contributing to the microfibril orientation of a cell wall. Despite being studied in different plant species, there is a dearth of the comprehensive global analysis of COBL genes in poplar. Poplar is employed as a model woody plant to study abiotic stresses and biomass production in tree research. Improved genome resequencing has enabled the comprehensive exploration of the evolution and functional capacities of PtrCOBLs (Poplar COBRA-Like genes) in poplar. Phylogeny analysis has discerned and classified PtrCOBLs into two groups resembling the Arabidopsis COBL family, and group I genes possess longer proteins but have fewer exons than group II. Analysis of gene structure and motifs revealed PtrCOBLs maintained a rather stable motif and exon-intron pattern across members of the same group. Synteny and collinearity analyses exhibited that the evolution of the COBL gene family was heavily influenced by gene duplication events. PtrCOBL genes have undergone both segmental duplication and tandem duplication, followed by purifying selection. Promotor analysis flaunted various phytohormone-, growth- and stress-related cis-elements (e.g., MYB, ABA, MeJA, SA, AuxR, and ATBP1). Likewise, 29 Ptr-miRNAs of 20 families were found targeting 11 PtrCOBL genes. PtrCOBLs were found localized at the plasma membrane and extracellular matrix, while gene ontology analysis showed their involvement in plant development, plant growth, stress response, cellulose biosynthesis, and cell wall biogenesis. RNA-seq datasets depicted the bulk of PtrCOBL genes expression being found in plant stem tissues and leaves, rendering mechanical strength and rejoinders to environmental cues. PtrCOBL2, 3, 10, and 11 manifested the highest expression in vasculature and abiotic stress, and resemblant expression trends were upheld by qRT-PCR. Co-expression network analysis identified PtrCOBL2 and PtrCOBL3 as hub genes across all abiotic stresses and wood developing tissues. The current study reports regulating roles of PtrCOBLs in xylem differentiating tissues, tension wood formation, and abiotic stress latency that lay the groundwork for future functional studies of the PtrCOBL genes in poplar breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Adeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Muhammad Waheed Riaz
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quaid Hussain
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng‐Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Tian R, Jiang J, Bo S, Zhang H, Zhang X, Hearne SJ, Tang J, Ding D, Fu Z. Multi-omic characterization of the maize GPI synthesis mutant gwt1 with defects in kernel development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:191. [PMID: 37038106 PMCID: PMC10084604 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and GPI-anchored proteins (GAPs) are important for cell wall formation and reproductive development in Arabidopsis. However, monocot counterparts that function in kernel endosperm development have yet to be discovered. Here, we performed a multi-omic analysis to explore the function of GPI related genes on kernel development in maize. RESULTS In maize, 48 counterparts of human GPI synthesis and lipid remodeling genes were identified, in which null mutation of the glucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol O-acyltransferase1 gene, ZmGWT1, caused a kernel mutant (named gwt1) with defects in the basal endosperm transport layer (BETL). We performed plasma membrane (PM) proteomics to characterize the potential GAPs involved in kernel development. In total, 4,981 proteins were successfully identified in 10-DAP gwt1 kernels of mutant and wild-type (WT), including 1,638 membrane-anchored proteins with different posttranslational modifications. Forty-seven of the 256 predicted GAPs were differentially accumulated between gwt1 and WT. Two predicted BETL-specific GAPs (Zm00001d018837 and Zm00001d049834), which kept similar abundance at general proteome but with significantly decreased abundance at membrane proteome in gwt1 were highlighted. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the importance of GPI and GAPs for endosperm development and provide candidate genes for further investigation of the regulatory network in which ZmGWT1 participates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shirong Bo
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Sarah Jane Hearne
- CIMMYT, KM 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, Edo. De Mexico, 56237, Mexico
| | - Jihua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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8
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Chen L, Tian N, Hu M, Sandhu D, Jin Q, Gu M, Zhang X, Peng Y, Zhang J, Chen Z, Liu G, Huang M, Huang J, Liu Z, Liu S. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key pathways and genes involved in trichome development in tea plant ( Camellia sinensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:997778. [PMID: 36212317 PMCID: PMC9546587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.997778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes, which develop from epidermal cells, are considered one of the important characteristics of the tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. Many nutritional and metabolomic studies have indicated the important contributions of trichomes to tea products quality. However, understanding the regulation of trichome formation at the molecular level remains elusive in tea plants. Herein, we present a genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis between the hairless Chuyeqi (CYQ) with fewer trichomes and the hairy Budiaomao (BDM) with more trichomes tea plant genotypes, toward the identification of biological processes and functional gene activities that occur during trichome development. In the present study, trichomes in both cultivars CYQ and BDM were unicellular, unbranched, straight, and soft-structured. The density of trichomes was the highest in the bud and tender leaf periods. Further, using the high-throughput sequencing method, we identified 48,856 unigenes, of which 31,574 were differentially expressed. In an analysis of 208 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding transcription factors (TFs), five may involve in trichome development. In addition, on the basis of the Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) results, we screened several DEGs that may contribute to trichome growth, including 66 DEGs related to plant resistance genes (PRGs), 172 DEGs related to cell wall biosynthesis pathway, 29 DEGs related to cell cycle pathway, and 45 DEGs related to cytoskeleton biosynthesis. Collectively, this study provided high-quality RNA-seq information to improve our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanism of trichome development and lay a foundation for additional trichome studies in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Tian
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqing Hu
- Xiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jishou, China
| | - Devinder Sandhu
- United States Salinity Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Qifang Jin
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Meiyi Gu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangqin Zhang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenyan Chen
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Guizhi Liu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengdi Huang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuoqian Liu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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9
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Zhao Y, Su X, Wang X, Wang M, Feng X, Aamir Manzoor M, Cai Y. Comparative genomic analysis of the COBRA genes in six Rosaceae species and expression analysis in Chinese white pear ( Pyrus bretschneideri). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13723. [PMID: 35873912 PMCID: PMC9306554 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
COBRA-Like (COBL) genes encode a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring protein unique to plants. In current study, 87 COBRA genes were identified in 6 Rosaceae species, including Pyrus bretschneideri (16 genes), Malus domestica (22 genes), Fragaria vesca (13 genes), Prunus mume (11 genes), Rubus occidentalis (13 genes) and Prunus avium (12 genes). We revealed the evolution of the COBRA gene in six Rosaceae species by phylogeny, gene structure, conservative sequence, hydrophobicity analysis, gene replication events and sliding window analysis. In addition, based on the analysis of expression patterns in pear fruit combined with bioinformatics, we identified PbCOBL12 and PbCOBL13 as potential genes regulating secondary cell wall (SCW) formation during pear stone cell development. This study aimed to understand the evolutionary relationship of the COBRA gene in Rosaceae species, clarify the potential function of COBRA in pear fruit development, and provide essential theoretical basis and gene resources for improving pear fruit quality through genetical modification mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueqiang Su
- Institute of Sericulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, HeFei, China
| | - Xinya Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengna Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Feng
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Yongping Cai
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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10
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Bres C, Petit J, Reynoud N, Brocard L, Marion D, Lahaye M, Bakan B, Rothan C. The SlSHN2 transcription factor contributes to cuticle formation and epidermal patterning in tomato fruit. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:14. [PMID: 37789465 PMCID: PMC10515250 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an established model for studying plant cuticle because of its thick cuticle covering and embedding the epidermal cells of the fruit. In this study, we screened an EMS mutant collection of the miniature tomato cultivar Micro-Tom for fruit cracking mutants and found a mutant displaying a glossy fruit phenotype. By using an established mapping-by-sequencing strategy, we identified the causal mutation in the SlSHN2 transcription factor that is specifically expressed in outer epidermis of growing fruit. The point mutation in the shn2 mutant introduces a K to N amino acid change in the highly conserved 'mm' domain of SHN proteins. The cuticle from shn2 fruit showed a ~ fivefold reduction in cutin while abundance and composition of waxes were barely affected. In addition to alterations in cuticle thickness and properties, epidermal patterning and polysaccharide composition of the cuticle were changed. RNAseq analysis further highlighted the altered expression of hundreds of genes in the fruit exocarp of shn2, including genes associated with cuticle and cell wall formation, hormone signaling and response, and transcriptional regulation. In conclusion, we showed that a point mutation in the transcriptional regulator SlSHN2 causes major changes in fruit cuticle formation and its coordination with epidermal patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bres
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Johann Petit
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas Reynoud
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Lysiane Brocard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Marion
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Marc Lahaye
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
- INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit Et Pathologie, 71 Av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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11
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Yang Q, Wang S, Chen H, You L, Liu F, Liu Z. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the COBRA-like genes reveal likely roles in stem strength in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260268. [PMID: 34818361 PMCID: PMC8612548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The COBRA-like (COBL) genes play key roles in cell anisotropic expansion and the orientation of microfibrils. Mutations in these genes cause the brittle stem and induce pathogen responsive phenotypes in Arabidopsis and several crop plants. In this study, an in silico genome-wide analysis was performed to identify the COBL family members in Brassica. We identified 44, 20 and 23 COBL genes in B. napus and its diploid progenitor species B. rapa and B. oleracea, respectively. All the predicted COBL genes were phylogenetically clustered into two groups: the AtCOB group and the AtCOBL7 group. The conserved chromosome locations of COBLs in Arabidopsis and Brassica, together with clustering, indicated that the expansion of the COBL gene family in B. napus was primarily attributable to whole-genome triplication. Among the BnaCOBLs, 22 contained all the conserved motifs and derived from 9 of 12 subgroups. RNA-seq analysis was used to determine the tissue preferential expression patterns of various subgroups. BnaCOBL9, BnaCOBL35 and BnaCOBL41 were highly expressed in stem with high-breaking resistance, which implies these AtCOB subgroup members may be involved in stem development and stem breaking resistance of rapeseed. Our results of this study may help to elucidate the molecular properties of the COBRA gene family and provide informative clues for high stem-breaking resistance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang You
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fangying Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongsong Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Zaheer M, Rehman SU, Khan SH, Shahid S, Rasheed A, Naz R, Sajjad M. Characterization of new COBRA like (COBL) genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and their expression analysis under drought stress. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1379-1387. [PMID: 34800231 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COBL genes encode a plant-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein. Recently identified COBRA genes are supposed as a key regulator of the orientation of cell expansion in the root indicating that COBRA gene family members are likely to be important players at the plasma membrane-cell wall interface. METHODS AND RESULTS Five COBL gene namely, TaCOBL 1, TaCOBL 2, TaCOBL 3, TaCOBL 4 and TaCOBL 5 were identified using database search and domain predictions. Chromosomal location of each gene was mapped on karyotype. Structure of genes, promoter analysis and phylogenetic analysis were performed using different bioinformatics tools. Set of novel SNPs were also predicted. Gene ontologies were analyzed, and the processes and pathways were identified in which COBRA genes were involved. The molecular weight all the cobra proteins was in range of 50-75 KDa with 429-461 amino acid residues. The COBL genes were mapped on homeologous groups 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Gene ontology analysis revealed that TaCOBL genes were involved in cellulose microfibril organization, mucilage biosynthetic process involved in seed coat development, plant-type cell wall biogenesis plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process, seed coat development and seed development. Three drought responsive cis-elements (WRKY, ABRE and DRE) were found nearby COBL genes The qRT-PCR revealed TaCOBL genes are drought responsive and can be further explored to understand their role in drought tolerance in wheat. CONCLUSION The comprehensive annotation and expression profiling of COBL genes revealed that all five COBL genes are drought response. The promoter cis-regulatory element analysis revealed that COBL genes had stress related WRKY, ABRE and DRE cis-regulatory elements. This evidence suggest that TaCOBL genes are involved in drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaheer
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Ur Rehman
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Habibullah Khan
- Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shahmeer Shahid
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Awais Rasheed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Naz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
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13
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Li Z, Sun P, Sun P, Liang YK, Ge S. OsBC1L1 and OsBC1L8 function in stomatal development in rice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 576:40-47. [PMID: 34478918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stomata that are bordered by pairs of guard cells are specialized for regulating gas exchange and transpiration in plants. The stomatal morphology of grass is unique, characterized by two dumbbell-shaped guard cells flanked by two lateral subsidiary cells. This morphology and developmental pattern enable grass stomata to respond to environmental signals efficiently. In this study, we demonstrated that knockout either OsBC1L1 or OsBC1L8, two close homologs of OsBC1L family causes no discernible defects in rice stomatal development, however, the double knockout mutant osbc1l1 osbc1l8 exhibits excess stomatal production and stomatal clustering. OsBC1L1 overexpression also causes abnormal stomatal patterning in rice. Moreover, osbc1l1 osbc1l8 has many defective stomata complexes with only one subsidiary cell. The expression of OsSPCH2 and OsFAMA, two genes key to stomatal development is both down-regulated in osbc1l1 osbc1l8. In contrast, overexpressing OsBC1L1 suppresses only the expression of OsSPCH2. Both OsBC1L1 and OsBC1L8 could be detected to be localized at the cell plate and plasma membrane during cell division of guard mother cells and subsidiary mother cells. Taken together, these results suggest that OsBC1L1 and OsBC1L8 play essential roles in the development of rice stomatal complex likely through their involvement in cell reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Pengyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shengchao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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14
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Julius BT, McCubbin TJ, Mertz RA, Baert N, Knoblauch J, Grant DG, Conner K, Bihmidine S, Chomet P, Wagner R, Woessner J, Grote K, Peevers J, Slewinski TL, McCann MC, Carpita NC, Knoblauch M, Braun DM. Maize Brittle Stalk2-Like3, encoding a COBRA protein, functions in cell wall formation and carbohydrate partitioning. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3348-3366. [PMID: 34323976 PMCID: PMC8505866 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate partitioning from leaves to sink tissues is essential for plant growth and development. The maize (Zea mays) recessive carbohydrate partitioning defective28 (cpd28) and cpd47 mutants exhibit leaf chlorosis and accumulation of starch and soluble sugars. Transport studies with 14C-sucrose (Suc) found drastically decreased export from mature leaves in cpd28 and cpd47 mutants relative to wild-type siblings. Consistent with decreased Suc export, cpd28 mutants exhibited decreased phloem pressure in mature leaves, and altered phloem cell wall ultrastructure in immature and mature leaves. We identified the causative mutations in the Brittle Stalk2-Like3 (Bk2L3) gene, a member of the COBRA family, which is involved in cell wall development across angiosperms. None of the previously characterized COBRA genes are reported to affect carbohydrate export. Consistent with other characterized COBRA members, the BK2L3 protein localized to the plasma membrane, and the mutants condition a dwarf phenotype in dark-grown shoots and primary roots, as well as the loss of anisotropic cell elongation in the root elongation zone. Likewise, both mutants exhibit a significant cellulose deficiency in mature leaves. Therefore, Bk2L3 functions in tissue growth and cell wall development, and this work elucidates a unique connection between cellulose deposition in the phloem and whole-plant carbohydrate partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Julius
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, USA
| | - Tyler J McCubbin
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Rachel A Mertz
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Present address: Inari Agriculture, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA
| | - Nick Baert
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Jan Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - DeAna G Grant
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Kyle Conner
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Saadia Bihmidine
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Paul Chomet
- NRGene Inc., 8910 University Center Lane, San Diego, California 92122, USA
| | - Ruth Wagner
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, USA
| | - Jeff Woessner
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, USA
| | - Karen Grote
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, USA
| | | | | | - Maureen C McCann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Nicholas C Carpita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - David M Braun
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Author for correspondence:
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15
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Marciniak K, Przedniczek K. Anther dehiscence is regulated by gibberellic acid in yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:314. [PMID: 34215194 PMCID: PMC8252261 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anther dehiscence resulting in the release of pollen grains is tightly regulated in a spatiotemporal manner by various factors. In yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.), a species that shows cleistogamy, the anthers split before the flowers open, but the course and regulation of this process are unknown. The specific control of anther development takes place via hormonal pathways, the wide action of which ensures reproductive success. In our previous research concerning flower and early pod development in yellow lupine, we showed that the lowest transcript level of LlDELLA1, a main repressor of gibberellin (GA) signalling, occurs approximately at the time of anther opening; therefore, the main purpose of this study was to precisely investigate the gibberellic acid (GA3)-dependent regulation of the anther dehiscence in this species. RESULTS In this paper, we showed the specific changes in the yellow lupine anther structure during dehiscence, including secondary thickening in the endothecium by lignocellulosic deposition, enzymatic cell wall breakdown at the septum/stomium and cell degeneration via programmed cell death (PCD), and identified several genes widely associated with this process. The expression profile of genes varied over time, with the most intense mRNA accumulation in the phases prior to or at the time of anther opening. The transcriptional activity also revealed that these genes are highly coexpressed and regulated in a GA-dependent manner. The cellular and tissue localization of GA3 showed that these molecules are present before anther opening, mainly in septum cells, near the vascular bundle and in the endothecium, and that they are subsequently undetectable. GA3 localization strongly correlates with the transcriptional activity of genes related to GA biosynthesis and deactivation. The results also suggest that GA3 controls LlGAMYB expression via an LlMIR159-dependent pathway. CONCLUSIONS The presented results show a clear contribution of GA3 in the control of the extensive anther dehiscence process in yellow lupine. Understanding the processes underlying pollen release at the hormonal and molecular levels is a significant aspect of controlling fertility in this economically important legume crop species and is of increasing interest to breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marciniak
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Przedniczek
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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16
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Raghavendra KP, Das J, Kumar R, Gawande SP, Santosh HB, Sheeba JA, Kranthi S, Kranthi KR, Waghmare VN. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the plant specific LIM genes in Gossypium arboreum under phytohormone, salt and pathogen stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9177. [PMID: 33911097 PMCID: PMC8080811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum) cultivated as ‘desi cotton’ in India, is renowned for its climate resilience and robustness against biotic and abiotic stresses. The genome of G. arboreum is therefore, considered as a valued reserve of information for discovering novel genes or gene functions for trait improvements in the present context of cotton cultivation world-wide. In the present study, we carried out genome-wide analysis of LIM gene family in desi cotton and identified twenty LIM domain proteins (GaLIMs) which include sixteen animals CRP-like GaLIMs and four plant specific GaLIMs with presence (GaDA1) or absence (GaDAR) of UIM (Ubiquitin Interacting Motifs). Among the sixteen CRP-like GaLIMs, eleven had two conventional LIM domains while, five had single LIM domain which was not reported in LIM gene family of the plant species studied, except in Brassica rapa. Phylogenetic analysis of these twenty GaLIM proteins in comparison with LIMs of Arabidopsis, chickpea and poplar categorized them into distinct αLIM1, βLIM1, γLIM2, δLIM2 groups in CRP-like LIMs, and GaDA1 and GaDAR in plant specific LIMs group. Domain analysis had revealed consensus [(C-X2-C-X17-H-X2-C)-X2-(C-X2-C-X17-C-X2-H)] and [(C-X2-C-X17-H-X2-C)-X2-(C-X4-C-X15-C-X2-H)] being conserved as first and/or second LIM domains of animal CRP-like GaLIMs, respectively. Interestingly, single LIM domain containing GaLIM15 was found to contain unique consensus with longer inter-zinc-motif spacer but shorter second zinc finger motif. All twenty GaLIMs showed variable spatio-temporal expression patterns and accordingly further categorized into distinct groups of αLIM1, βLIM1, γLIM2 δLIM2 and plant specific LIM (DA1/DAR). For the first time, response of GaDA1/DAR under the influence of biotic and abiotic stresses were studied in cotton, involving treatments with phytohormones (Jasmonic acid and Abscisic acid), salt (NaCl) and wilt causing pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum). Expressions patterns of GaDA1/DAR showed variable response and identified GaDA2 as a probable candidate gene for stress tolerance in G. arboreum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Raghavendra
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - J Das
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - R Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - S P Gawande
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - H B Santosh
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - J A Sheeba
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Kranthi
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - K R Kranthi
- Technical Information Section, International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC), Washington, DC, USA
| | - V N Waghmare
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Genome-Wide Analysis of the COBRA-Like Gene Family Supports Gene Expansion through Whole-Genome Duplication in Soybean ( Glycine max). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010167. [PMID: 33467151 PMCID: PMC7830662 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The COBRA-like (COBL) gene family has been associated with the regulation of cell wall expansion and cellulose deposition. COBL mutants result in reduced levels and disorganized deposition of cellulose causing defects in the cell wall and inhibiting plant development. In this study, we report the identification of 24 COBL genes (GmCOBL) in the soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the COBL proteins are divided into two groups, which differ by about 170 amino acids in the N-terminal region. The GmCOBL genes were heterogeneously distributed in 14 of the 20 soybean chromosomes. This study showed that segmental duplication has contributed significantly to the expansion of the COBL family in soybean during all Glycine-specific whole-genome duplication events. The expression profile revealed that the expression of the paralogous genes is highly variable between organs and tissues of the plant. Only 20% of the paralogous gene pairs showed similar expression patterns. The high expression levels of some GmCOBLs suggest they are likely essential for regulating cell expansion during the whole soybean life cycle. Our comprehensive overview of the COBL gene family in soybean provides useful information for further understanding the evolution and diversification of COBL genes in soybean.
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Zhang M, Cao H, Xi J, Zeng J, Huang J, Li B, Song S, Zhao J, Pei Y. Auxin Directly Upregulates GhRAC13 Expression to Promote the Onset of Secondary Cell Wall Deposition in Cotton Fibers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:581983. [PMID: 33224170 PMCID: PMC7674626 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.581983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fibers are single cells that show a relatively independent developmental process of cell differentiation, elongation, and secondary wall deposition. Auxin promotes fiber cell protrusion from the surface of the ovule. However, the role of auxin at other stages of cotton fiber development remains largely unknown. To gain a deeper insight into this aspect, we measured indoleacetic acid (IAA) content in developing fibers. Results showed an increase in IAA content at the transition stage from elongation to secondary cell wall deposition. Subsequently, we investigated the differences between two transgenic cottons that show upregulated and downregulated fiber auxin levels, respectively. In planta analysis revealed that, in addition to promoting cell elongation, auxin regulated the time of initiation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and secondary wall deposition in cotton fibers. This was closely correlated with the upregulated expression of GhRAC13, which regulates ROS-triggered cellulose synthesis. We found multiple putative auxin-responsive elements existed within the promoter region of GhRAC13, and IAA could induce proGhRAC13 activity. The dual-luciferase reporter assay further proved the activation of proGhRAC13 by GhARF5, an auxin-signaling activator. Altogether, our results suggest a role of auxin in promoting the onset of secondary growth by directly upregulating GhRAC13 expression in cotton fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huizhen Cao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianyan Zeng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baoxia Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuiqing Song
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Pei
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Tao GY, Ramakrishnan M, Vinod KK, Yrjälä K, Satheesh V, Cho J, Fu Y, Zhou M. Multi-omics analysis of cellular pathways involved in different rapid growth stages of moso bamboo. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1487-1508. [PMID: 32705116 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houzeau) is a rapidly growing grass of industrial and ecological importance. However, the molecular mechanisms of its remarkable growth are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the early-stage growth of moso bamboo shoots and defined three different growth stages based on histological and biochemical analyses, namely, starting of cell division (SD), rapid division (RD) and rapid elongation (RE). Further analyses on potentially relevant cellular pathways in these growth stages using multi-omics approaches such as transcriptomics and proteomics revealed the involvement of multiple cellular pathways, including DNA replication, repair and ribosome biogenesis. A total of 8045 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1053 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in our analyses. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses of detected DEGs identified several key biological pathways such as phytohormone metabolism, signal transduction, cell wall development and carbohydrate metabolism. The comparative analysis of proteins displayed that a total of 213 DEPs corresponded with DEGs and 3 significant expression profiles that could be promoting the fast growth of bamboo internodes. Moreover, protein-protein interaction network prediction analysis is suggestive of the involvement of five major proteins of signal transduction, DNA synthesis and RNA transcription, and may act as key elements responsible for the rapid shoot growth. Our work exploits multi-omics and bioinformatic approaches to unfurl the complexity of molecular networks involved in the rapid growth of moso bamboo and opens up questions related to the interactions between the functions played by individual molecular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Centre for Bamboo Resources and High-efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Kim Yrjälä
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki P.O. Box 27 00014, Finland
| | - Viswanathan Satheesh
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jungnam Cho
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Centre for Bamboo Resources and High-efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingbing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Centre for Bamboo Resources and High-efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
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Wang M, Tan Y, Cai C, Zhang B. Identification and expression analysis of phosphatidy ethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) gene family in cotton. Genomics 2019; 111:1373-1380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Wang Z, Shi H, Yu S, Zhou W, Li J, Liu S, Deng M, Ma J, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Liu Y. Comprehensive transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analyses of the mechanisms regulating tiller production in low-tillering wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2181-2193. [PMID: 31020386 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tiller development in low-tillering wheat is related to several differentially expressed genes, proteins, and metabolites, as determined by an integrated omics approach combining transcriptome analysis, iTRAQ, and HPLC-MS on multiple NILs. Tillering is an important aspect of plant morphology that affects spike number, thereby contributing to the final crop yield. However, the mechanisms inhibiting tiller production in low-tillering wheat are poorly characterized. To investigate this aspect of wheat biology, two pairs of near-isogenic lines were developed, and an integrated omics approach combining transcriptome analysis, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to compare the free-tillering and low-tillering caused by an allele at Qltn.sicau-2D in wheat samples. Overall, 474 genes, 166 proteins, and 28 metabolites were identified as tillering-associated differentially expressed genes, proteins, and metabolites (DEGs, DEPs, and DEMs, respectively). Functional analysis indicated that the abundance of DEGs/DEPs/DEMs was related to lignin and cellulose metabolism, cell division, cell cycle processes, and glycerophospholipid metabolism; three transcription factor families, GRAS, GRF, and REV, might be related to the decrease in tillering in low-tillering wheat. These findings contribute to improve our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of tiller development in low-tillering wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shifan Yu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wanlin Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shihang Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mei Deng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Transcriptome analysis identified aberrant gene expression in pollen developmental pathways leading to CGMS in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218381. [PMID: 31233531 PMCID: PMC6590983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Male sterility (induced or natural) is a potential tool for commercial hybrid seed production in different crops. Despite numerous endeavors to understand the physiological, hereditary, and molecular cascade of events governing CMS in cotton, the exact biological process controlling sterility and fertility reconstruction remains obscure. During current study, RNA-Seq using Ion Torrent S5 platform is carried out to identify 'molecular portraits' in floral buds among the Cytoplasmic Genic Male Sterility (CGMS) line, its near-isogenic maintainer, and restorer lines. A total of 300, 438 and 455 genes were differentially expressed in CGMS, Maintainer, and Restorer lines respectively. The functional analysis using AgriGo revealed suppression in the pathways involved in biogenesis and metabolism of secondary metabolites which play an important role in pollen and anther maturation. Enrichment analysis showed dearth related to pollen and anther's development in sterile line, including anomalous expression of genes and transcription factors that have a role in the development of the reproductive organ, abnormal cytoskeleton formation, defects in cell wall formation. The current study found aberrant expression of DYT1, AMS and cytochrome P450 genes involved in tapetum formation, pollen development, pollen exine and anther cuticle formation associated to male sterility as well as fertility restoration of CGMS. In the current study, more numbers of DEGs were found on Chromosome D05 and A05 as compared to other chromosomes. Expression pattern analysis of fourteen randomly selected genes using qRT-PCR showed high concurrence with gene expression profile of RNA-Seq analysis accompanied by a strong correlation of 0.82. The present study provides an important support for future studies in identifying interaction between cyto-nuclear molecular portraits, to accelerate functional genomics and molecular breeding related to cytoplasmic male sterility studies in cotton.
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Calderan-Rodrigues MJ, Guimarães Fonseca J, de Moraes FE, Vaz Setem L, Carmanhanis Begossi A, Labate CA. Plant Cell Wall Proteomics: A Focus on Monocot Species, Brachypodium distachyon, Saccharum spp. and Oryza sativa. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1975. [PMID: 31018495 PMCID: PMC6514655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell walls mostly comprise polysaccharides and proteins. The composition of monocots' primary cell walls differs from that of dicots walls with respect to the type of hemicelluloses, the reduction of pectin abundance and the presence of aromatic molecules. Cell wall proteins (CWPs) differ among plant species, and their distribution within functional classes varies according to cell types, organs, developmental stages and/or environmental conditions. In this review, we go deeper into the findings of cell wall proteomics in monocot species and make a comparative analysis of the CWPs identified, considering their predicted functions, the organs analyzed, the plant developmental stage and their possible use as targets for biofuel production. Arabidopsis thaliana CWPs were considered as a reference to allow comparisons among different monocots, i.e., Brachypodium distachyon, Saccharum spp. and Oryza sativa. Altogether, 1159 CWPs have been acknowledged, and specificities and similarities are discussed. In particular, a search for A. thaliana homologs of CWPs identified so far in monocots allows the definition of monocot CWPs characteristics. Finally, the analysis of monocot CWPs appears to be a powerful tool for identifying candidate proteins of interest for tailoring cell walls to increase biomass yield of transformation for second-generation biofuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Juliana Calderan-Rodrigues
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Guimarães Fonseca
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício Edgar de Moraes
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laís Vaz Setem
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Carmanhanis Begossi
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Labate
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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24
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Defining the Genetic Basis of Plant⁻Endophytic Bacteria Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081947. [PMID: 31010043 PMCID: PMC6515357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria, which interact closely with their host, are an essential part of the plant microbiome. These interactions enhance plant tolerance to environmental changes as well as promote plant growth, thus they have become attractive targets for increasing crop production. Numerous studies have aimed to characterise how endophytic bacteria infect and colonise their hosts as well as conferring important traits to the plant. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge regarding endophytic colonisation and focus on the insights that have been obtained from the mutants of bacteria and plants as well as ‘omic analyses. These show how endophytic bacteria produce various molecules and have a range of activities related to chemotaxis, motility, adhesion, bacterial cell wall properties, secretion, regulating transcription and utilising a substrate in order to establish a successful interaction. Colonisation is mediated by plant receptors and is regulated by the signalling that is connected with phytohormones such as auxin and jasmonic (JA) and salicylic acids (SA). We also highlight changes in the expression of small RNAs and modifications of the cell wall properties. Moreover, in order to exploit the beneficial plant-endophytic bacteria interactions in agriculture successfully, we show that the key aspects that govern successful interactions remain to be defined.
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Naqvi RZ, Zaidi SSEA, Mukhtar MS, Amin I, Mishra B, Strickler S, Mueller LA, Asif M, Mansoor S. Transcriptomic analysis of cultivated cotton Gossypium hirsutum provides insights into host responses upon whitefly-mediated transmission of cotton leaf curl disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210011. [PMID: 30730891 PMCID: PMC6366760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton is a commercial and economically important crop that generates billions of dollars in annual revenue worldwide. However, cotton yield is affected by a sap-sucking insect Bemisia tabaci (whitefly), and whitefly-borne cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD). The causative agent of devastating CLCuD is led by the viruses belonging to the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae), collectively called cotton leaf curl viruses. Unfortunately, the extensively cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) species are highly susceptible and vulnerable to CLCuD. Yet, the concomitant influence of whitefly and CLCuD on the susceptible G. hirsutum transcriptome has not been interpreted. In the present study we have employed an RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) transcriptomics approach to explore the differential gene expression in susceptible G. hirsutum variety upon infection with viruliferous whiteflies. Comparative RNA-Seq of control and CLCuD infected plants was done using Illumina HiSeq 2500. This study yielded 468 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among them, we identified 220 up and 248 downregulated DEGs involved in disease responses and pathogen defense. We selected ten genes for downstream RT-qPCR analyses on two cultivars, Karishma and MNH 786 that are susceptible to CLCuD. We observed a similar expression pattern of these genes in both susceptible cultivars that was also consistent with our transcriptome data further implying a wider application of our global transcription study on host susceptibility to CLCuD. We next performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis that revealed six modules. This analysis also identified highly co-expressed genes as well as 55 hub genes that co-express with ≥ 50 genes. Intriguingly, most of these hub genes are shown to be downregulated and enriched in cellular processes. Under-expression of such highly co-expressed genes suggests their roles in favoring the virus and enhancing plant susceptibility to CLCuD. We also discuss the potential mechanisms governing the establishment of disease susceptibility. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive differential gene expression analysis of G. hirsutum under whitefly-mediated CLCuD infection. This vital study will advance the understanding of simultaneous effect of whitefly and virus on their host and aid in identifying important G. hirsutum genes which intricate in its susceptibility to CLCuD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubab Zahra Naqvi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Syed Shan-e-Ali Zaidi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - M. Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Bharat Mishra
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Susan Strickler
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Lukas A. Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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Zhou K. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins in Arabidopsis and One of Their Common Roles in Signaling Transduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1022. [PMID: 31555307 PMCID: PMC6726743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Diverse proteins are found modified with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) at their carboxyl terminus in eukaryotes, which allows them to associate with membrane lipid bilayers and anchor on the external surface of the plasma membrane. GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) play crucial roles in various processes, and more and more GPI-APs have been identified and studied. In this review, previous genomic and proteomic predictions of GPI-APs in Arabidopsis have been updated, which reveal their high abundance and complexity. From studies of individual GPI-APs in Arabidopsis, certain GPI-APs have been found associated with partner receptor-like kinases (RLKs), targeting RLKs to their subcellular localization and helping to recognize extracellular signaling polypeptide ligands. Interestingly, the association might also be involved in ligand selection. The analyses suggest that GPI-APs are essential and widely involved in signal transduction through association with RLKs.
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Yeats TH, Bacic A, Johnson KL. Plant glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins at the plasma membrane-cell wall nexus. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:649-669. [PMID: 29667761 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 1% of plant proteins are predicted to be post-translationally modified with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that tethers the polypeptide to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Whereas the synthesis and structure of GPI anchors is largely conserved across eukaryotes, the repertoire of functional domains present in the GPI-anchored proteome has diverged substantially. In plants, this includes a large fraction of the GPI-anchored proteome being further modified with plant-specific arabinogalactan (AG) O-glycans. The importance of the GPI-anchored proteome to plant development is underscored by the fact that GPI biosynthetic null mutants exhibit embryo lethality. Mutations in genes encoding specific GPI-anchored proteins (GAPs) further supports their contribution to diverse biological processes, occurring at the interface of the plasma membrane and cell wall, including signaling, cell wall metabolism, cell wall polymer cross-linking, and plasmodesmatal transport. Here, we review the literature concerning plant GPI-anchored proteins, in the context of their potential to act as molecular hubs that mediate interactions between the plasma membrane and the cell wall, and their potential to transduce the signal into the protoplast and, thereby, activate signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor H Yeats
- School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Antony Bacic
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Kim L Johnson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
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Niu E, Fang S, Shang X, Guo W. Ectopic expression of GhCOBL9A, a cotton glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol-anchored protein encoding gene, promotes cell elongation, thickening and increased plant biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1191-1204. [PMID: 29869696 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is a major component of plant cell walls and is necessary for plant morphogenesis and biomass. COBL (COBRA-Like) proteins have been shown to be key regulators in the orientation of cell expansion and cellulose crystallinity status. To clarify the role of a cotton COBL gene, GhCOBL9A, we conducted the ectopic expression and functional analysis in Arabidopsis. Previous study showed that GhCOBL9A was preferentially expressed during secondary cell wall biosynthesis in cotton fibers, and showed a significant co-expression pattern with cellulose synthase genes. Here, we detected that overexpression of GhCOBL9A induced the up-regulation of genes related to cellulose synthesis and enhanced the cellulose deposition. As a result, GhCOBL9A transgenic plants displayed increased hypocotyl and root lengths in early development, and cell wall thickening at the SCW stage. Notably, overexpression of GhCOBL9A led to an erect, robust-stature phenotype and brought higher biomass in mature plants. In addition, overexpression of GhCOBL9A in Arabidopsis AtCOBL4 mutants, a paralogous gene of GhCOBL9A, also led to a stronger growth potential, but the Atcobl4 mutant phenotype could not be rescued, implying the functional divergence of GhCOBL9A and AtCOBL4 paralogs. Taken together, these results suggest that overexpression of GhCOBL9A contributes to plant cell elongation and thickening, and increased biomass, which provides references for further utilizing GhCOBL9A to improve yield and quality traits in cotton and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erli Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Long Q, Yue F, Liu R, Song S, Li X, Ding B, Yan X, Pei Y. The phosphatidylinositol synthase gene (GhPIS) contributes to longer, stronger, and finer fibers in cotton. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1139-1149. [PMID: 29752547 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cotton fibers are the most important natural raw material used in textile industries world-wide. Fiber length, strength, and fineness are the three major traits which determine the quality and economic value of cotton. It is known that exogenous application of phosphatidylinositols (PtdIns), important structural phospholipids, can promote cotton fiber elongation. Here, we sought to increase the in planta production of PtdIns to improve fiber traits. Transgenic cotton plants were generated in which the expression of a cotton phosphatidylinositol synthase gene (i.e., GhPIS) was controlled by the fiber-specific SCFP promoter element, resulting in the specific up-regulation of GhPIS during cotton fiber development. We demonstrate that PtdIns content was significantly enhanced in transgenic cotton fibers and the elevated level of PtdIns stimulated the expression of genes involved in PtdIns phosphorylation as well as promoting lignin/lignin-like phenolic biosynthesis. Fiber length, strength and fineness were also improved in the transgenic plants as compared to the wild-type cotton, with no loss in overall fiber yield. Our data indicate that fiber-specific up-regulation of PtdIns synthesis is a promising strategy for cotton fiber quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops; Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops; Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruochen Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops; Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiqing Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops; Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops; Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Ding
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops; Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingying Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops; Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Pei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops; Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Li PT, Wang M, Lu QW, Ge Q, Rashid MHO, Liu AY, Gong JW, Shang HH, Gong WK, Li JW, Song WW, Guo LX, Su W, Li SQ, Guo XP, Shi YZ, Yuan YL. Comparative transcriptome analysis of cotton fiber development of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines from G. hirsutum × G. barbadense. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:705. [PMID: 28886694 PMCID: PMC5591532 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background How to develop new cotton varieties possessing high yield traits of Upland cotton and superior fiber quality traits of Sea Island cotton remains a key task for cotton breeders and researchers. While multiple attempts bring in little significant progresses, the development of Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines (CSSLs) from Gossypium barbadense in G. hirsutum background provided ideal materials for aforementioned breeding purposes in upland cotton improvement. Based on the excellent fiber performance and relatively clear chromosome substitution segments information identified by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers, two CSSLs, MBI9915 and MBI9749, together with the recurrent parent CCRI36 were chosen to conduct transcriptome sequencing during the development stages of fiber elongation and Secondary Cell Wall (SCW) synthesis (from 10DPA and 28DPA), aiming at revealing the mechanism of fiber development and the potential contribution of chromosome substitution segments from Sea Island cotton to fiber development of Upland cotton. Results In total, 15 RNA-seq libraries were constructed and sequenced separately, generating 705.433 million clean reads with mean GC content of 45.13% and average Q30 of 90.26%. Through multiple comparisons between libraries, 1801 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which the 902 up-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in cell wall organization and response to oxidative stress and auxin, while the 898 down-regulated ones participated in translation, regulation of transcription, DNA-templated and cytoplasmic translation based on GO annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis. Subsequently, STEM software was performed to explicate the temporal expression pattern of DEGs. Two peroxidases and four flavonoid pathway-related genes were identified in the “oxidation-reduction process”, which could play a role in fiber development and quality formation. Finally, the reliability of RNA-seq data was validated by quantitative real-time PCR of randomly selected 20 genes. Conclusions The present report focuses on the similarities and differences of transcriptome profiles between the two CSSLs and the recurrent parent CCRI36 and provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of fiber development, and into further exploration of the feasible contribution of G. barbadense substitution segments to fiber quality formation, which will lay solid foundation for simultaneously improving fiber yield and quality of upland cotton through CSSLs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4077-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.,National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Mi Wang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Quan-Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Qun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Md Harun Or Rashid
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Ai-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Ju-Wu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Hai-Hong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Wan-Kui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Jun-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Wei-Wu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Li-Xue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.,College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Shao-Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Yu-Zhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
| | - You-Lu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biologiacl and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
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Tang K, Liu JY. Molecular characterization of GhPLDα1 and its relationship with secondary cell wall thickening in cotton fibers. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:33-43. [PMID: 27864277 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes phospholipids to generate a free polar head group (e.g., choline) and a second messenger phosphatidic acid and plays diverse roles in plant growth and development, including seed germination, leaf senescence, root hair growth, and hypocotyl elongation. However, the function of PLD in cotton remains largely unexplored. Here, the comprehensive molecular characterization of GhPLDα1 was explored with its role in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber development. The GhPLDα1 gene was cloned successfully, and a sequence alignment showed that GhPLDα1 contains one C2 domain and two HKD (HxKxxxxD) domains. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction measured the expression of GhPLDα1 in various cotton tissues with the highest level in fibers at 20 days post anthesis (d.p.a.). Fluorescent microscopy and immunoblotting in tobacco epidermis showed the GhPLDα1 distribution in both cell membranes and the cytoplasm. An activity assay indicated changes in PLDα enzyme activity in developing fiber cells with a peak level at 20 d.p.a., coinciding with the onset of cellulose accumulation and the increased H2O2 content during fiber development. Furthermore, the inhibition of PLDα activity obviously decreased the cellulose and H2O2 contents of in vitro-cultured cotton fibers. These results provide important evidence explaining the relationship of GhPLDα1 with secondary cell wall thickening in cotton fibers in that GhPLDα1 may correlate with the increased H2O2 content at the onset of secondary cell wall thickening, ultimately promoting cellulose biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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32
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Zhang F, Jin X, Wang L, Li S, Wu S, Cheng C, Zhang T, Guo W. A Cotton Annexin Affects Fiber Elongation and Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis Associated with Ca2+ Influx, ROS Homeostasis, and Actin Filament Reorganization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1750-70. [PMID: 27255486 PMCID: PMC4936584 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Annexins play pivotal roles in a variety of cellular processes as well as in fiber development; however, the functional mechanisms of their activities are unclear. Here, an annexin gene that is preferentially expressed in fibers, GhFAnnxA, was found to be significantly associated with various cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber traits. Transgenic analysis demonstrated that GhFAnnxA affected cotton fiber elongation and was involved in secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis. Functional studies demonstrated that GhFAnnxA may act as a Ca(2+) conductance regulator and that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by Rbohs in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner may determine fiber elongation caused by elevated intracellular turgor and cell wall loosening. However, excessive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhibited cotton fiber elongation in vitro. We speculate that a positive feedback loop involving ROS and Ca(2+) is regulated by GhCDPK1 and regulates fiber cell elongation. Furthermore, the convergence of actin filaments is altered by their interaction with GhFAnnxA, and this also may contribute to fiber elongation. Moreover, GhFAnnxA may affect SCW biosynthesis through changes in cell wall components caused by an increase in H2O2 levels. These results not only provide new insights into the signaling pathways of GhFAnnxA in fiber development but also clarify the role of ROS in fiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanxiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Like Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoze Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Petit J, Bres C, Mauxion JP, Tai FWJ, Martin LBB, Fich EA, Joubès J, Rose JKC, Domergue F, Rothan C. The Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase GPAT6 from Tomato Plays a Central Role in Fruit Cutin Biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:894-913. [PMID: 27208295 PMCID: PMC4902622 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The thick cuticle covering and embedding the epidermal cells of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit acts not only as a protective barrier against pathogens and water loss but also influences quality traits such as brightness and postharvest shelf-life. In a recent study, we screened a mutant collection of the miniature tomato cultivar Micro-Tom and isolated several glossy fruit mutants in which the abundance of cutin, the polyester component of the cuticle, was strongly reduced. We employed a newly developed mapping-by-sequencing strategy to identify the causal mutation underlying the cutin deficiency in a mutant thereafter named gpat6-a (for glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6). To this end, a backcross population (BC1F2) segregating for the glossy trait was phenotyped. Individuals displaying either a wild-type or a glossy fruit trait were then pooled into bulked populations and submitted to whole-genome sequencing prior to mutation frequency analysis. This revealed that the causal point mutation in the gpat6-a mutant introduces a charged amino acid adjacent to the active site of a GPAT6 enzyme. We further showed that this mutation completely abolished the GPAT activity of the recombinant protein. The gpat6-a mutant showed perturbed pollen formation but, unlike a gpat6 mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), was not male sterile. The most striking phenotype was observed in the mutant fruit, where cuticle thickness, composition, and properties were altered. RNA sequencing analysis highlighted the main processes and pathways that were affected by the mutation at the transcriptional level, which included those associated with lipid, secondary metabolite, and cell wall biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Petit
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Cécile Bres
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Mauxion
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Fabienne Wong Jun Tai
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Laetitia B B Martin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Eric A Fich
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Jérôme Joubès
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Frédéric Domergue
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Christophe Rothan
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
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