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King TL, Underwood KB, Hansen KK, Kinter MT, Schneider A, Masternak MM, Mason JB. Chronological and reproductive aging-associated changes in resistance to oxidative stress in post-reproductive female mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:1159-1173. [PMID: 37454002 PMCID: PMC10828445 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Effort toward reproduction is often thought to negatively influence health and survival. Reproduction has been shown to influence metabolism, but the pathways and mechanisms have yet to be thoroughly elucidated. In the current experiments, our aim was to dissect the role of young and old ovarian tissues in the response to oxidative stress, through changes in liver oxidative stress response proteins. Liver proteins were analyzed in control mice at 4, 13, and 27 months of age and compared to 23-month-old mice which received young ovarian tissue transplants (intact or follicle-depleted) at 13 months of age. In control mice, of the 29 oxidative stress response proteins measured, 31% of the proteins decreased, 52% increased, and 17% were unchanged from 13 to 27 months. The greatest changes were seen during the period of reproductive failure, from 4 to 13 months of age. In transplanted mice, far more proteins were decreased from 13 to 23 months (93% in follicle-containing young ovary recipients; 62% in follicle-depleted young ovary recipients). Neither transplant group reflected changes seen in control mice between 13 and 27 months. Estradiol levels in transplant recipient mice were not increased compared with age-matched control mice. The current results suggest the presence of a germ cell- and estradiol-independent ovarian influence on aging-associated changes in the response to oxidative stress, which is manifest differently in reproductive-aged adults and post-reproductive-aged mice. The results presented here separate chronological and ovarian aging and the influence of estradiol in the response to aging-associated oxidative stress and support a novel, estradiol-independent role for the ovary in female health and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristin L King
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Kaden B Underwood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Kindra K Hansen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Augusto Schneider
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas-RS, Brazil
| | - Michal M Masternak
- College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jeffrey B Mason
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
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Ocañas SR, Ansere VA, Kellogg CM, Isola JVV, Chucair-Elliott AJ, Freeman WM. Chromosomal and gonadal factors regulate microglial sex effects in the aging brain. Brain Res Bull 2023; 195:157-171. [PMID: 36804773 PMCID: PMC10810555 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological sex contributes to phenotypic sex effects through genetic (sex chromosomal) and hormonal (gonadal) mechanisms. There are profound sex differences in the prevalence and progression of age-related brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammation of neural tissue is one of the most consistent age-related phenotypes seen with healthy aging and disease. The pro-inflammatory environment of the aging brain has primarily been attributed to microglial reactivity and adoption of heterogeneous reactive states dependent upon intrinsic (i.e., sex) and extrinsic (i.e., age, disease state) factors. Here, we review sex effects in microglia across the lifespan, explore potential genetic and hormonal molecular mechanisms of microglial sex effects, and discuss currently available models and methods to study sex effects in the aging brain. Despite recent attention to this area, significant further research is needed to mechanistically understand the regulation of microglial sex effects across the lifespan, which may open new avenues for sex informed prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Ocañas
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Victor A Ansere
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Collyn M Kellogg
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jose V V Isola
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ana J Chucair-Elliott
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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King TL, Bryner BS, Underwood KB, Walters MR, Zimmerman SM, Johnson NK, Mason JB. Estradiol-independent restoration of T-cell function in post-reproductive females. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1066356. [PMID: 36755910 PMCID: PMC9900006 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1066356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to a general decline in protective immunity. The most common age-associated effects are in seen T-cell mediated immune function. Adult mice whose immune systems show only moderate changes in T-cell subsets tend to live longer than age-matched siblings that display extensive T-cell subset aging. Importantly, at the time of reproductive decline, the increase in disease risks in women significantly outpace those of men. In female mice, there is a significant decline in central and peripheral naïve T-cell subsets at the time of reproductive failure. Available evidence indicates that this naïve T-cell decline is sensitive to ovarian function and can be reversed in post-reproductive females by transplantation of young ovaries. The restoration of naïve T-cell subsets due to ovarian transplantation was impressive compared with post-reproductive control mice, but represented only a partial recovery of what was lost from 6 months of age. Apparently, the influence of ovarian function on immune function may be an indirect effect, likely moderated by other physiological functions. Estradiol is significantly reduced in post-reproductive females, but was not increased in post-reproductive females that received new ovaries, suggesting an estradiol-independent, but ovarian-dependent influence on immune function. Further evidence for an estradiol-independent influence includes the restoration of immune function through the transplantation of young ovaries depleted of follicles and through the injection of isolated ovarian somatic cells into the senescent ovaries of old mice. While the restoration of naïve T-cell populations represents only a small part of the immune system, the ability to reverse this important functional parameter independent of estradiol may hold promise for the improvement of post-reproductive female immune health. Further studies of the non-reproductive influence of the ovary will be needed to elucidate the mechanisms of the relationship between the ovary and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristin L. King
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, College of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - B. Shaun Bryner
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, College of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Kaden B. Underwood
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, College of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - McKenna R. Walters
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, College of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Shawn M. Zimmerman
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Nathan K. Johnson
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, College of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Mason
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, College of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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Habermehl TL, Underwood KB, Welch KD, Gawrys SP, Parkinson KC, Schneider A, Masternak MM, Mason JB. Aging-associated changes in motor function are ovarian somatic tissue-dependent, but germ cell and estradiol independent in post-reproductive female mice exposed to young ovarian tissue. GeroScience 2022; 44:2157-2169. [PMID: 35349034 PMCID: PMC8962938 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical mediator of evolution is natural selection, which operates by the divergent reproductive success of individuals and results in conformity of an organism with its environment. Reproductive function has evolved to support germline transmission. In mammalian ovaries, this requires healthy, active gonad function, and follicle development. However, healthy follicles do not contribute to germline transmission in a dead animal. Therefore, support of the health and survival of the organism, in addition to fertility, must be considered as an integral part of reproductive function. Reproductive and chronological aging both impose a burden on health and increase disease rates. Tremors are a common movement disorder and are often correlated with increasing age. Muscle quality is diminished with age and these declines are gender-specific and are influenced by menopause. In the current experiments, we evaluated aging-associated and reproduction-influenced changes in motor function, utilizing changes in tremor amplitude and grip strength. Tremor amplitude was increased with aging in normal female mice. This increase in tremor amplitude was prevented in aged female mice that received ovarian tissue transplants, both in mice that received germ cell-containing or germ cell-depleted ovarian tissue. Grip strength was decreased with aging in normal female mice. This decrease in grip strength was prevented in aged female mice that received either germ cell-containing or germ cell-depleted tissue transplants. As expected, estradiol levels decreased with aging in normal female mice. Estradiol levels did not change with exposure to young ovarian tissues/cells. Surprisingly, estradiol levels were not increased in aged females that received ovaries from actively cycling, young donors. Overall, tremor amplitude and grip strength were negatively influenced by aging and positively influenced by exposure to young ovarian tissues/cells in aged female mice, and this positive influence was independent of ovarian germ cells and estradiol levels. These findings provide a strong incentive for further investigation of the influence of ovarian somatic tissue on health. In addition, changes in tremor amplitude may serve as an additional marker of biological age.
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Mason JB, Habermehl TL, Underwood KB, Schneider A, Brieño-Enriquez MA, Masternak MM, Parkinson KC. The interrelationship between female reproductive aging and survival. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:75-83. [PMID: 34528058 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The link between survival and reproductive function is demonstrated across many species and is under both long-term evolutionary pressures and short-term environmental pressures. Loss of reproductive function is common in mammals and is strongly correlated with increased rates of disease in both males and females. However, the reproduction-associated change in disease rates is more abrupt and more severe in women, who benefit from a significant health advantage over men until the age of menopause. Young women with early ovarian failure also suffer from increased disease risks, further supporting the role of ovarian function in female health. Contemporary experiments where the influence of young ovarian tissue has been restored in post-reproductive-aged females with surgical manipulation were found to increase survival significantly. In these experiments, young, intact ovaries were used to replace the aged ovaries of females that had already reached reproductive cessation. As has been seen previously in primitive species, when the young mammalian ovaries were depleted of germ cells prior to transplantation to the post-reproductive female, survival was increased even further than with germ cell-containing young ovaries. Thus, extending reproductive potential significantly increases survival and appears to be germ cell and ovarian hormone-independent. The current review will discuss historical and contemporary observations and theories that support the link between reproduction and survival and provide hope for future clinical applications to decrease menopause-associated increases in disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Mason
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, 4700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Tracy L Habermehl
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, 4700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Kaden B Underwood
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, 4700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Augusto Schneider
- Departmento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Miguel A Brieño-Enriquez
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michal M Masternak
- College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kate C Parkinson
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, 4700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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Hypothermic machine perfusion after static cold storage improves ovarian function in rat ovarian tissue transplantation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1745-1753. [PMID: 32430732 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate the effect of hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) after cold storage (CS) on ovarian transplantation. METHODS Rats aged 8-10 weeks were used as the donors and recipients for allotransplantation. Eighteen donor rats were divided into three groups: the fresh control (n = 6), cold storage (CS; n = 6), and hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP; n = 6) groups. The preservation solution contained Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/Ham's F-12 (1:1, v/v), 10% fetal bovine serum, 10 μg/ml insulin, 10 μg/ml transferrin, and 50 mIU/ml follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The donor ovaries in the CS and HMP groups were excised and then respectively subjected to 4 h of CS and 2 h of CS combined with 2 h of HMP at 4 °C, and then transplanted beneath the recipient's left renal capsule. At 7 days after transplantation, the ovaries were removed and blood samples were obtained for histological analysis, immunohistochemistry for CD31 and Ki67, and serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level estimation. RESULTS The HMP group showed significant increases in serum AMH and CD31-positive areas when compared to these values in the CS group (P < 0.05). However, no differences were noted in the total number of follicles or the Ki67-positive areas among the three groups. CONCLUSION Hypothermic machine perfusion after static cold storage is more effective than static CS alone for the short-term preservation of whole ovaries during transport. Whole ovary transplantation with vascular pedicle is our future research direction. Graphical Abstract The black rectangle in the figure shows the place where ligation and disconnection are required, the black dotted line shows the place where vascular forceps are used to clamp, and the black circle shows the place where the cannula is inserted This diagram was made for reviewers to understand more intuitively how my hypothermia mechanical perfusion model was built. Organs obtained in this way can be used for subsequent perfusion and whole ovarian transplantation.
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Habermehl TL, Parkinson KC, Hubbard GB, Ikeno Y, Engelmeyer JI, Schumacher B, Mason JB. Extension of longevity and reduction of inflammation is ovarian-dependent, but germ cell-independent in post-reproductive female mice. GeroScience 2019; 41:25-38. [PMID: 30547325 PMCID: PMC6423149 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, rare in premenopausal women, increases sharply at menopause and is typically accompanied by chronic inflammation. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that replacing senescent ovaries in post-reproductive mice with young, actively cycling ovaries restored many health benefits, including decreased cardiomyopathy and restoration of immune function. Our objective here was to determine if depletion of germ cells from young transplanted ovaries would alter the ovarian-dependent extension of life and health span. Sixty-day-old germ cell-depleted and germ cell-containing ovaries were transplanted to post-reproductive, 17-month-old mice. Mean life span for female CBA/J mice is approximately 644 days. Mice that received germ cell-containing ovaries lived 798 days (maximum = 815 days). Mice that received germ cell-depleted ovaries lived 880 days (maximum = 1046 days), 29% further past the time of surgery than mice that received germ cell-containing ovaries. The severity of inflammation was reduced in all mice that received young ovaries, whether germ cell-containing or germ cell-depleted. Aging-associated inflammatory cytokine changes were reversed in post-reproductive mice by 4 months of new-ovary exposure. In summary, germ cell depletion enhanced the longevity-extending effects of the young, transplanted ovaries and, as with germ cell-containing ovaries, decreased the severity of inflammation, but did so independent of germ cells. Based on these observations, we propose that gonadal somatic cells are programed to preserve the somatic health of the organism with the intent of facilitating future germline transmission. As reproductive potential decreases or is lost, the incentive to preserve the somatic health of the organism is lost as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Habermehl
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, 4700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Kate C Parkinson
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, 4700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Gene B Hubbard
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jennifer I Engelmeyer
- The Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD) Research Center, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- The Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD) Research Center, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Jeffrey B Mason
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, 4700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
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Habermehl TL, Mason JB. Decreased Sarcopenia in Aged Females with Young Ovary Transplants was Preserved in Mice that Received Germ Cell-Depleted Young Ovaries. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8010040. [PMID: 30609785 PMCID: PMC6352205 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, transplantation of young, cycling, ovaries increased life and health span in post-reproductive female mice. The current study addressed the influence of ovarian germ cells in the improvement in health by performing transplantations of young, germ cell-depleted ovaries. The purpose of this study is to further the understanding of reproductive influences on aging health. Control mice were grouped by age. Treatment mice were age-matched and received either germ cell depleted ovaries or germ cell containing ovaries at 400 days of age. All groups underwent health span assays until sacrifice (treatment and age-matched control groups were between 680 and 700 days). Body composition results displayed an improvement of body composition in both treatment groups, compared to the controls, but no significant difference between the germ cell-depleted or germ cell-containing groups. Grip test results showed no improvement in musculoskeletal endurance and no change to mild loss of grip strength with both transplant groups compared to control groups. The research presented here suggests that reproductive status has a positive influence in post-reproductive health. A portion of this influence may be germ cell independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Habermehl
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, 4700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Jeffrey B Mason
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, 4700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
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9
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Mason JB, Parkinson KC, Habermehl TL. Orthotopic Ovarian Transplantation Procedures to Investigate the Life- and Health-span Influence of Ovarian Senescence in Female Mice. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29553494 DOI: 10.3791/56638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian transplantation was first conducted at Utah State University in 1963. In more recent work, heterochronic transplantation of mammalian ovaries is being used to investigate the health-protective effects of young ovaries in young females. The current procedures employ an orthotopic transplantation method, where allogenic ovaries are transplanted back to their original position in the ovarian bursa. This is in contrast to the more commonly used heterotopic transplantation of ovaries/ovarian tissue subcutaneously or under the kidney capsule. All three locations provide efficient revascularization of the transplanted tissues. However, orthotopic transplantation provides the ovary with the most natural signaling environment and is the only procedure that provides the opportunity for the animal to reproduce naturally post-operatively. One must take care to remove all endogenous ovarian tissue during the ovariectomy procedure. If any endogenous tissue remains or if only one ovary is removed, the transplanted tissue will remain dormant until the existing tissue becomes senescent. While revascularization of the transplanted ovaries occurs very quickly, the transplant recipient can take a considerable amount of time to adapt to a new hypothalamic/pituitary/gonadal/adrenal (HPG/A) axis signaling regime associated with the transplanted tissue. This normally takes about 100 days in the mouse. Therefore, transplantation experiments should be designed to accommodate this adaptation period. Typical results with ovarian transplantation will include changes in the health of the recipient that reflect the age of the transplanted ovary, rather than the chronological age of the recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Mason
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University;
| | - Kate C Parkinson
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University
| | - Tracy L Habermehl
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University
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Mason JB, Gurda BL, Hankenson KD, Harper LR, Carlson CS, Wilson JM, Richardson DW. Wnt10b and Dkk-1 gene therapy differentially influenced trabecular bone architecture, soft tissue integrity, and osteophytosis in a skeletally mature rat model of osteoarthritis. Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:542-552. [PMID: 27937051 PMCID: PMC7413086 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1267153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Our goals in the current experiments were to determine if (a) upregulation of Wnt signaling would induce osteoarthritis changes in stable stifle joints and (b) if downregulation of Wnt signaling in destabilized joints would influence the progression of OA. METHODS At 37 weeks of age, rats were injected in the stifle joint with a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector containing the Wnt-inhibitor Dkk-1 or a Wnt10b transgene. At 40 weeks of age, rats underwent surgical destabilization of the joint. At 50 weeks of age, stifle joints were submitted for micro-computed tomography and histopathological analysis. RESULTS Injection of either Wnt10b or Dkk-1 transgenes in stable joints improved bone architectural parameters, but worsened soft tissue integrity. Osteophytosis was decreased by Dkk-1, but unchanged by Wnt10b. Destabilization negatively influenced bone architecture, increased osteophytosis, and decreased soft tissue integrity. Dkk-1 exacerbated the negative effects of destabilization, whereas Wnt10b had little effect on these parameters. Osteophytosis was improved, whereas soft tissue integrity was worsened by both transgenes in destabilized joints. CONCLUSIONS The Wnt-inhibitor Dkk-1 does not appear to completely inhibit the effects of Wnt signaling on bone remodeling. In vivo upregulation of Wnt10b and its inhibitor, Dkk-1, can produce both parallel or contrasting phenotypic responses depending on the specific parameter measured and the fidelity of the examined joint. These observations elucidate different roles for Wnt signaling in stable versus destabilized joints and may help to explain the conflicting results previously reported for the role of Dkk-1 in joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Mason
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA.,Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Brittney L. Gurda
- Gene Therapy Program, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kurt D. Hankenson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA
| | - Lindsey R. Harper
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Cathy S Carlson
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - James M. Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dean W. Richardson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA
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11
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The Influence of Oblique Angle Forced Exercise in Surgically Destabilized Stifle Joints Is Synergistic with Bone, but Antagonistic with Cartilage in an Ovine Model of Osteoarthritis. ARTHRITIS 2017; 2017:7481619. [PMID: 28348888 PMCID: PMC5350401 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7481619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Large animal models of osteoarthritis are a necessary testing ground for FDA approval of human medicine applications. Sheep models have advantages over other available large animals, but development and progression of osteoarthritis in sheep is exceedingly slow, which handicaps progress in development of potential treatments. We combined oblique angle forced exercise to increase stress on the stifle, with surgical destabilization to hasten the development of osteoarthritis in ewes. Methods for early detection of clinical signs included radiography, urine, and serum biomarker assays and gait analysis and ex vivo we used microcomputed tomography and macroscopic joint analysis. Our model was able to produce clinically detectable signs of osteoarthritis in a relatively short period (14 weeks). Changes in bone were highly correlated between microcomputed tomography and radiographic analysis and changes in cartilage correlated well between urinary glycosaminoglycan levels and serum aggrecanase analyses. Exercise improved the negative effects of destabilization in bone but exacerbated the negative effects of destabilization in cartilage. These observations suggest that we may need to consider treatments for bone and cartilage separately. These results represent an improved large animal model of osteoarthritis with rapid onset of disease and superior detection of bone and soft tissue changes.
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Manipulation of Ovarian Function Significantly Influenced Sarcopenia in Postreproductive-Age Mice. J Transplant 2016; 2016:4570842. [PMID: 27747096 PMCID: PMC5055969 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4570842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, transplantation of ovaries from young cycling mice into old postreproductive-age mice increased life span. We anticipated that the same factors that increased life span could also influence health span. Female CBA/J mice received new (60 d) ovaries at 12 and 17 months of age and were evaluated at 16 and 25 months of age, respectively. There were no significant differences in body weight among any age or treatment group. The percentage of fat mass was significantly increased at 13 and 16 months of age but was reduced by ovarian transplantation in 16-month-old mice. The percentages of lean body mass and total body water were significantly reduced in 13-month-old control mice but were restored in 16- and 25-month-old recipient mice by ovarian transplantation to the levels found in six-month-old control mice. In summary, we have shown that skeletal muscle mass, which is negatively influenced by aging, can be positively influenced or restored by reestablishment of active ovarian function in aged female mice. These findings provide strong incentive for further investigation of the positive influence of young ovaries on restoration of health in postreproductive females.
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