1
|
Wells M, Steiner L. Epigenetic and Transcriptional Control of Erythropoiesis. Front Genet 2022; 13:805265. [PMID: 35330735 PMCID: PMC8940284 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.805265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a process of enormous magnitude, with the average person generating two to three million red cells every second. Erythroid progenitors start as large cells with large nuclei, and over the course of three to four cell divisions they undergo a dramatic decrease in cell size accompanied by profound nuclear condensation, which culminates in enucleation. As maturing erythroblasts are undergoing these dramatic phenotypic changes, they accumulate hemoglobin and express high levels of other erythroid-specific genes, while silencing much of the non-erythroid transcriptome. These phenotypic and gene expression changes are associated with distinct changes in the chromatin landscape, and require close coordination between transcription factors and epigenetic regulators, as well as precise regulation of RNA polymerase II activity. Disruption of these processes are associated with inherited anemias and myelodysplastic syndromes. Here, we review the epigenetic mechanisms that govern terminal erythroid maturation, and their role in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Wells
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Laurie Steiner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gee BE, Pearson A, Buchanan-Perry I, Simon RP, Archer DR, Meller R. Whole Blood Transcriptome Analysis in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia. Front Genet 2022; 12:737741. [PMID: 35095995 PMCID: PMC8793691 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.737741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing was performed to quantify RNA expression changes in whole blood samples collected from steady state sickle cell anemia (SCA) and control subjects. Pediatric SCA and control subjects were recruited from Atlanta (GA)-based hospital(s) systems and consented for RNA sequencing. RNA sequencing was performed on an Ion Torrent S5 sequencer, using the Ion Total RNA-seq v2 protocol. Data were aligned to the hg19 reference genome and analyzed in the Partek Genomics studio package (v7.0). 223 genes were differentially expressed between SCA and controls (± 1.5 fold change FDR p < 0.001) and 441 genes show differential transcript expression (± 1.5 fold FDR p < 0.001). Differentially expressed RNA are enriched for hemoglobin associated genes and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway genes. Further analysis shows higher gamma globin gene expression in SCA (33-fold HBG1 and 49-fold HBG2, both FDR p < 0.05), which did not correlate with hemoglobin F protein levels. eQTL analysis identified SNPs in novel non-coding RNA RYR2 gene as having a potential regulatory role in HBG1 and HBG2 expression levels. Gene expression correlation identified JHDM1D-AS1(KDM7A-DT), a non-coding RNA associated with angiogenesis, enhanced GATA1 and decreased JAK-STAT signaling to correlate with HBG1 and HBG2 mRNA levels. These data suggest novel regulatory mechanisms for fetal hemoglobin regulation, which may offer innovative therapeutic approaches for SCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice E. Gee
- Department of Pediatrics, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andrea Pearson
- Translational Stroke Program, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Iris Buchanan-Perry
- Department of Pediatrics, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Roger P. Simon
- Translational Stroke Program, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David R. Archer
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Emory University and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robert Meller
- Translational Stroke Program, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zakaria NA, Islam MA, Abdullah WZ, Bahar R, Mohamed Yusoff AA, Abdul Wahab R, Shamsuddin S, Johan MF. Epigenetic Insights and Potential Modifiers as Therapeutic Targets in β-Thalassemia. Biomolecules 2021; 11:755. [PMID: 34070036 PMCID: PMC8158146 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalassemia, an inherited quantitative globin disorder, consists of two types, α- and β-thalassemia. β-thalassemia is a heterogeneous disease that can be asymptomatic, mild, or even severe. Considerable research has focused on investigating its underlying etiology. These studies found that DNA hypomethylation in the β-globin gene cluster is significantly related to fetal hemoglobin (HbF) elevation. Histone modification reactivates γ-globin gene expression in adults and increases β-globin expression. Down-regulation of γ-globin suppressor genes, i.e., BCL11A, KLF1, HBG-XMN1, HBS1L-MYB, and SOX6, elevates the HbF level. β-thalassemia severity is predictable through FLT1, ARG2, NOS2A, and MAP3K5 gene expression. NOS2A and MAP3K5 may predict the β-thalassemia patient's response to hydroxyurea, a HbF-inducing drug. The transcription factors NRF2 and BACH1 work with antioxidant enzymes, i.e., PRDX1, PRDX2, TRX1, and SOD1, to protect erythrocytes from oxidative damage, thus increasing their lifespan. A single β-thalassemia-causing mutation can result in different phenotypes, and these are predictable by IGSF4 and LARP2 methylation as well as long non-coding RNA expression levels. Finally, the coinheritance of β-thalassemia with α-thalassemia ameliorates the β-thalassemia clinical presentation. In conclusion, the management of β-thalassemia is currently limited to genetic and epigenetic approaches, and numerous factors should be further explored in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Atikah Zakaria
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (N.A.Z.); (W.Z.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (N.A.Z.); (W.Z.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Wan Zaidah Abdullah
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (N.A.Z.); (W.Z.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Rosnah Bahar
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (N.A.Z.); (W.Z.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Ridhwan Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia;
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (N.A.Z.); (W.Z.A.); (R.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Papayannopoulou T. Control of fetal globin expression in man: new opportunities to challenge past discoveries. Exp Hematol 2020; 92:43-50. [PMID: 32976950 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Decades-old findings supporting origin of F cells in adult life from adult-type progenitors and the in vitro and in vivo enhancement of fetal globin under stress conditions have been juxtaposed against recent mechanistic underpinnings. An updated molecular interrogation did not debunk prior conclusions on the origin of F cells. Although fetal globin reactivation by widely diverse approaches in vitro and in response to anemic stresses in vivo is a work in progress, accumulating evidence converges toward an integrated stress response pathway. The newly uncovered developmental regulators of globin gene switching not only have provided answers to the long-awaited quest of transregulation of switching, they are also reaching a clinical threshold. Although the effect of fetal globin silencers has been robustly validated in adult cells, the response of cells at earlier developmental stages has been unclear and inadequately studied.
Collapse
|
5
|
Leung A, Zulick E, Skvir N, Vanuytsel K, Morrison TA, Naing ZH, Wang Z, Dai Y, Chui DHK, Steinberg MH, Sherr DH, Murphy GJ. Notch and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Impact Definitive Hematopoiesis from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1004-1019. [PMID: 29569827 PMCID: PMC6099224 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) stand to revolutionize the way we study human development, model disease, and eventually, treat patients. However, these cell sources produce progeny that retain embryonic and/or fetal characteristics. The failure to mature to definitive, adult‐type cells is a major barrier for iPSC‐based disease modeling and drug discovery. To directly address these concerns, we have developed a chemically defined, serum and feeder‐free–directed differentiation platform to generate hematopoietic stem‐progenitor cells (HSPCs) and resultant adult‐type progeny from iPSCs. This system allows for strict control of signaling pathways over time through growth factor and/or small molecule modulation. Through direct comparison with our previously described protocol for the production of primitive wave hematopoietic cells, we demonstrate that induced HSPCs are enhanced for erythroid and myeloid colony forming potential, and strikingly, resultant erythroid‐lineage cells display enhanced expression of adult β globin indicating definitive pathway patterning. Using this system, we demonstrate the stage‐specific roles of two key signaling pathways, Notch and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), in the derivation of definitive hematopoietic cells. We illustrate the stage‐specific necessity of Notch signaling in the emergence of hematopoietic progenitors and downstream definitive, adult‐type erythroblasts. We also show that genetic or small molecule inhibition of the AHR results in the increased production of CD34+CD45+ HSPCs while conversely, activation of the same receptor results in a block of hematopoietic cell emergence. Results presented here should have broad implications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and future clinical translation of iPSC‐derived blood cells. Stem Cells2018;36:1004–1019
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Leung
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Zulick
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Skvir
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kim Vanuytsel
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tasha A Morrison
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zaw Htut Naing
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Dai
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David H K Chui
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin H Steinberg
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David H Sherr
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George J Murphy
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Many experimental models have been used to study erythropoiesis. Even prior to the advent of the genetic manipulation of animal models, erythropoiesis was examined in the mouse, chicken, sheep, goat, and rabbit, among other vertebrates. Erythroid cell lines derived from human blood cancers were also very useful, as they could be genetically manipulated more easily than whole animals. Genetic models in the mouse, zebrafish, and frog have provided a plethora of information advancing our understanding of erythropoiesis, and remain gold standards in the field for studies of hemoglobin switching, and experiments to study authentic blood cell development. Mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent (iPS) cells can be differentiated to erythroid cells in culture, though their use is somewhat limited by their propensity to express only the embryonic and fetal globin genes. Some very useful cell lines have been developed by manipulating ES or fetal liver erythroid progenitor cells from knockout mouse models. In recent years, our understanding of erythropoiesis has improved, due to the ability to knock down genes in native human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells derived from umbilical cord blood or bone marrow, and differentiate them ex vivo to the erythroid lineage. These native cells, and cell lines derived from them, are now providing essential information about human erythropoiesis, which is complementary to that obtained from animal studies. This review provides some perspective about the cell and animal models used to study erythropoiesis over the years.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kovilakath A, Mohamad S, Hermes F, Wang SZ, Ginder GD, Lloyd JA. In Vitro Erythroid Differentiation and Lentiviral Knockdown in Human CD34+ Cells from Umbilical Cord Blood. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1698:259-274. [PMID: 29076096 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7428-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood is a rich source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. CD34+ cells in umbilical cord blood are more primitive than those in peripheral blood or bone marrow, and can proliferate at a high rate and differentiate into multiple cell types. In this protocol, a dependable method is described for the isolation of fetal CD34+ cells from umbilical cord blood and expanding these cells in culture. The cells can then be in vitro differentiated along an erythroid pathway, while simultaneously performing knockdown of a gene of choice. The use of lentiviral vectors that express small hairpin RNA (shRNA) is an efficient method to downregulate genes. Flow cytometric analyses are used to enrich for erythroid cells. Using these methods, one can generate in vitro differentiated cells to use for quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and other purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovilakath
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Safa Mohamad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Farrah Hermes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shou Zhen Wang
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gordon D Ginder
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joyce A Lloyd
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Fetal haemoglobin (HbF, α2γ2) induction has long been an area of investigation, as it is known to ameliorate the clinical complications of sickle cell disease (SCD). Progress in identifying novel HbF-inducing strategies has been stymied by limited understanding of gamma (γ)-globin regulation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified variants in BCL11A and HBS1L-MYB that are associated with HbF levels. Functional studies have established the roles of BCL11A, MYB, and KLF1 in γ-globin regulation, but this information has not yielded new pharmacological agents. Several drugs are under investigation in clinical trials as HbF-inducing agents, but hydroxycarbamide remains the only widely used pharmacologic therapy for SCD. Autologous transplant of edited haematopoietic stem cells holds promise as a cure for SCD, either through HbF induction or correction of the causative mutation, but several technical and safety hurdles must be overcome before this therapy can be offered widely, and pharmacological therapies are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Paikari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivien A Sheehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang J, Tanaka Y, Seay M, Li Z, Jin J, Garmire LX, Zhu X, Taylor A, Li W, Euskirchen G, Halene S, Kluger Y, Snyder MP, Park IH, Pan X, Weissman SM. Single cell transcriptomics reveals unanticipated features of early hematopoietic precursors. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1281-1296. [PMID: 28003475 PMCID: PMC5388401 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular changes underlying stem cell differentiation are of fundamental interest. scRNA-seq on murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and their progeny MPP1 separated the cells into 3 main clusters with distinct features: active, quiescent, and an un-characterized cluster. Induction of anemia resulted in mobilization of the quiescent to the active cluster and of the early to later stage of cell cycle, with marked increase in expression of certain transcription factors (TFs) while maintaining expression of interferon response genes. Cells with surface markers of long term HSC increased the expression of a group of TFs expressed highly in normal cycling MPP1 cells. However, at least Id1 and Hes1 were significantly activated in both HSC and MPP1 cells in anemic mice. Lineage-specific genes were differently expressed between cells, and correlated with the cell cycle stages with a specific augmentation of erythroid related genes in the G2/M phase. Most lineage specific TFs were stochastically expressed in the early precursor cells, but a few, such as Klf1, were detected only at very low levels in few precursor cells. The activation of these factors may correlate with stages of differentiation. This study reveals effects of cell cycle progression on the expression of lineage specific genes in precursor cells, and suggests that hematopoietic stress changes the balance of renewal and differentiation in these homeostatic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Montrell Seay
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lana Xia Garmire
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Xun Zhu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Ashley Taylor
- Hematology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,JiangXi Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ghia Euskirchen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo, Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Hematology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo, Alto, CA, USA
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maneerat Y, Prasongsukarn K, Benjathummarak S, Dechkhajorn W. PPBP and DEFA1/DEFA3 genes in hyperlipidaemia as feasible synergistic inflammatory biomarkers for coronary heart disease. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:80. [PMID: 28420383 PMCID: PMC5395883 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an important complication of atherosclerosis. Biomarkers, which associate with CHD development, are potential to predict CHD risk. To determine whether genes showing altered expression in hyperlipidaemia (H) and coronary heart disease (CHD) patients compared with controls could be CHD risk biomarkers. METHODS Control, H, and CHD groups represented atherosclerosis to CHD development. Gene profiling was investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using DNA microarrays. Eight selected genes expressed only in H and CHD groups were validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and plasma protein determination. RESULTS α-defensin (DEFA1/DEFA3), pro-platelet basic protein (PPBP), and beta and alpha2 hemoglobin mRNA expression was significantly increased in H and CHD groups compared with controls, but only plasma PPBP and α-defensin proteins were correspondingly increased. CONCLUSION PPBP and DEFA1/DEFA3 could be potential CHD biomarkers in Thai hyperlipidaemia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaowapa Maneerat
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | | | - Surachet Benjathummarak
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wilanee Dechkhajorn
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Heydari N, Shariati L, Khanahmad H, Hejazi Z, Shahbazi M, Salehi M. Gamma reactivation using the spongy effect of KLF1-binding site sequence: an approach in gene therapy for beta-thalassemia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:1063-1069. [PMID: 27872702 PMCID: PMC5110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES β-thalassemia is one of the most common genetic disorders in the world. As one of the promising treatment strategies, fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) can be induced. The present study was an attempt to reactivate the γ-globin gene by introducing a gene construct containing KLF1 binding sites to the K562 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS A plasmid containing a 192 bp sequence with two repeats of KLF1 binding sites on β-globin and BCL11A promoters was constructed and used to transfect the K562 cell line. Positive selection was performed under treatment with 150 μg/ml hygromycin B. The remaining cells were expanded and harvested on day 28, and genomic DNA was extracted. The PCR was carried out to verify insertion of DNA fragment to the genome of K562 cells. The cells were differentiated with 15 μg/ml cisplatin. Flowcytometry was performed to identify erythroid differentiation by detection of CD235a+ cells. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to evaluate γ-globin expression in the transfected cells. RESULTS A 1700 bp fragment was observed on agarose gel as expected and insertion of DNA fragment to the genome of K562 cells was verified. Totally, 84% of cells were differentiated. The transfected cells significantly increased γ-globin expression after differentiation compared to untransfected ones. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that the spongy effect of KLF1-binding site on BCL11A and β-globin promoters can induce γ-globin expression in K562 cells. This novel strategy can be promising for the treatment of β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Heydari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Corresponding author: Hossein Khanahmad. Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Tel: +98-311-37922487; Fax: +98-311-3668859;
| | - Zahra Hejazi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Shahbazi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansoor Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|