1
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Zhang L, Bai W, Peng Y, Lin Y, Tian M. Role of O-GlcNAcylation in Central Nervous System Development and Injuries: A Systematic Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:7075-7091. [PMID: 38367136 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The development of central nervous system (CNS) can form perceptual, memory, and cognitive functions, while injuries to CNS often lead to severe neurological dysfunction and even death. As one of the prevalent post-translational modifications (PTMs), O-GlcNAcylation has recently attracted great attentions due to its functions in regulating the activity, subcellular localization, and stability of target proteins. It has been indicated that O-GlcNAcylation could interact with phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and methylation to jointly regulate the function and activity of proteins. Furthermore, a growing number of studies have suggested that O-GlcNAcylation played an important role in the CNS. During development, O-GlcNAcylation participated in the neurogenesis, neuronal development, and neuronal function. In addition, O-GlcNAcylation was involved in the progress of CNS injuries including ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and played a crucial role in the improvement of brain damage such as attenuating cognitive impairment, inhibiting neuroinflammation, suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Therefore, O-GlcNAcylation showed great promise as a potential target in CNS development and injuries. In this article, we presented a review highlighting the role of O-GlcNAcylation in CNS development and injuries. Hence, on the basis of these properties and effects, intervention with O-GlcNAcylation may be developed as therapeutic agents for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanshan Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaonan Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixing Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Grosjean E, Simonneaux V, Challet E. Reciprocal Interactions between Circadian Clocks, Food Intake, and Energy Metabolism. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040539. [PMID: 37106739 PMCID: PMC10136292 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Like other biological functions, food intake and energy metabolism display daily rhythms controlled by the circadian timing system that comprises a main circadian clock and numerous secondary clocks in the brain and peripheral tissues. Each secondary circadian clock delivers local temporal cues based on intracellular transcriptional and translational feedback loops that are tightly interconnected to intracellular nutrient-sensing pathways. Genetic impairment of molecular clocks and alteration in the rhythmic synchronizing cues, such as ambient light at night or mistimed meals, lead to circadian disruption that, in turn, negatively impacts metabolic health. Not all circadian clocks are sensitive to the same synchronizing signals. The master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus is mostly synchronized by ambient light and, to a lesser extent, by behavioral cues coupled to arousal and exercise. Secondary clocks are generally phase-shifted by timed metabolic cues associated with feeding, exercise, and changes in temperature. Furthermore, both the master and secondary clocks are modulated by calorie restriction and high-fat feeding. Taking into account the regularity of daily meals, the duration of eating periods, chronotype, and sex, chrononutritional strategies may be useful for improving the robustness of daily rhythmicity and maintaining or even restoring the appropriate energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Grosjean
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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3
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Wang W, Lu Y, Li J, Zhang X, Hu F, Zhao Y, Zhou DX. SnRK1 stimulates the histone H3K27me3 demethylase JMJ705 to regulate a transcriptional switch to control energy homeostasis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3721-3742. [PMID: 34498077 PMCID: PMC8643663 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant SNF1-Related Kinase1 (SnRK1) is an evolutionarily conserved energy-sensing protein kinase that orchestrates transcriptional networks to maintain cellular energy homeostasis when energy supplies become limited. However, the mechanism by which SnRK1 regulates this gene expression switch to gauge cellular energy status remains largely unclear. In this work, we show that the rice histone H3K27me3 demethylase JMJ705 is required for low energy stress tolerance in rice plants. The genetic inactivation of JMJ705 resulted in similar effects as those of the rice snrk1 mutant on the transcriptome, which impairs not only the promotion of the low energy stress-triggered transcriptional program but also the repression of the program under an energy-sufficient state. We show that the α-subunit of OsSnRK1 interacts with and phosphorylates JMJ705 to stimulate its H3K27me3 demethylase activity. Further analysis revealed that JMJ705 directly targets a set of low energy stress-responsive transcription factor genes. These results uncover the chromatin mechanism of SnRK1-regulated gene expression in both energy-sufficient and -limited states in plants and suggest that JMJ705 functions as an upstream regulator of the SnRK1α-controlled transcriptional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Junjie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fangfang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dao-Xiu Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Institute of Plant Science Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
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4
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Lieu CV, Loganathan N, Belsham DD. Mechanisms Driving Palmitate-Mediated Neuronal Dysregulation in the Hypothalamus. Cells 2021; 10:3120. [PMID: 34831343 PMCID: PMC8617942 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus maintains whole-body homeostasis by integrating information from circulating hormones, nutrients and signaling molecules. Distinct neuronal subpopulations that express and secrete unique neuropeptides execute the individual functions of the hypothalamus, including, but not limited to, the regulation of energy homeostasis, reproduction and circadian rhythms. Alterations at the hypothalamic level can lead to a myriad of diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and infertility. The excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids can induce neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and resistance to peripheral signals, ultimately leading to hyperphagia, obesity, impaired reproductive function and disturbed circadian rhythms. This review focuses on the how the changes in the underlying molecular mechanisms caused by palmitate exposure, the most commonly consumed saturated fatty acid, and the potential involvement of microRNAs, a class of non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, can result in detrimental alterations in protein expression and content. Studying the involvement of microRNAs in hypothalamic function holds immense potential, as these molecular markers are quickly proving to be valuable tools in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin V. Lieu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Neruja Loganathan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Denise D. Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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5
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Postler TS, Peng V, Bhatt DM, Ghosh S. Metformin selectively dampens the acute inflammatory response through an AMPK-dependent mechanism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18721. [PMID: 34548527 PMCID: PMC8455559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a first-line drug in the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to its antigluconeogenic and insulin-sensitizing properties, metformin has emerged as a potent inhibitor of the chronic inflammatory response of macrophages. In particular, metformin treatment has been shown to reduce expression of interleukin (IL-) 1β during long-term exposure to the pro-inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which decreases the levels of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1-α, and through enhanced expression of IL-10. However, the effect of metformin on the acute inflammatory response, before significant levels of ROS accumulate in the cell, has not been explored. Here, we show that metformin alters the acute inflammatory response through its activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), but independently of HIF1-α and IL-10, in primary macrophages and two macrophage-like cell lines. Thus, metformin changes the acute and the chronic inflammatory response through fundamentally distinct mechanisms. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis reveals that metformin pretreatment affects the levels of a large yet selective subset of inflammatory genes, dampening the response to short-term LPS exposure and affecting a wide range of pathways and biological functions. Taken together, these findings reveal an unexpected complexity in the anti-inflammatory properties of this widely used drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Postler
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Vincent Peng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dev M Bhatt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Amgen Research Oncology and Inflammation, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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6
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Yoshimura Y, Hirayama R, Miura N, Utsumi R, Kuroda K, Ueda M, Kataoka M. Small-scale hypoxic cultures for monitoring the spatial reorganization of glycolytic enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1776-1783. [PMID: 33913582 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
At normal oxygen concentration, glycolytic enzymes are scattered in the cytoplasm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Under hypoxia, however, most of these enzymes, including enolase, pyruvate kinase, and phosphoglycerate mutase, spatially reorganize to form cytoplasmic foci. We tested various small-scale hypoxic culture systems and showed that enolase foci formation occurs in all the systems tested, including in liquid and on solid media. Notably, a small-scale hypoxic culture in a bench-top multi-gas incubator enabled the regulation of oxygen concentration in the media and faster foci formation. Here, we demonstrate that the foci formation of enolase starts within few hours after changing the oxygen concentration to 1% in a small-scale cultivation system. The order of foci formation by each enzyme is tightly regulated, and of the three enzymes, enolase was the fastest to respond to hypoxia. We further tested the use of the small-scale cultivation method to screen reagents that can control the spatial reorganization of enzymes under hypoxia. An AMPK inhibitor, dorsomorphin, was found to delay formation of the foci in all three glycolytic enzymes tested. These methods and results provide efficient ways to investigate the spatial reorganization of proteins under hypoxia to form a multienzyme assembly, the META body, thereby contributing to understanding and utilizing natural systems to control cellular metabolism via the spatial reorganization of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Reina Hirayama
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Natsuko Miura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Utsumi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Kouichi Kuroda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiko Kataoka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
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7
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Clemenzi MN, Martchenko A, Loganathan N, Tse EK, Brubaker PL, Belsham DD. Analysis of Western diet, palmitate and BMAL1 regulation of neuropeptide Y expression in the murine hypothalamus and BMAL1 knockout cell models. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 507:110773. [PMID: 32114021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Western diets that are high in saturated fat and sugar disrupt circadian rhythms, induce weight gain, and lead to metabolic diseases including obesity. However, the mechanistic link between altered circadian rhythms and energy homeostasis remains poorly understood. In C57BL/6J mice, consuming a Western diet for 16 weeks significantly reduced food intake (at zeitgeber 12-16), in association with decreases in hypothalamic expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides, neuropeptide Y (Npy) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP). To examine the acute effects of the most prevalent saturated fatty acid in a Western diet, palmitate, and the role of the core clock gene, Bmal1, in the regulation of hypothalamic feeding neuropeptides, we used heterogeneous and clonal BMAL1 knockout (KO) immortalized hypothalamic cell lines, expressing specific neuropeptides, derived from male (M) and female (F) mice. Both mHypoA-BMAL1-KO/F and mHypoA-BMAL1-KO/M cells demonstrated a loss of circadian rhythmicity in expression of the clock gene, Per2, as compared to wild-type (control) cultures. Loss of BMAL1 also altered the time-dependent expression of Npy and proopiomelanocortin, and disrupted AgRP rhythmicity. Furthermore, palmitate increased BMAL1 binding to the Npy promotor region, and palmitate treatment (50 μM for 24 h) stimulated Npy expression in a BMAL1-dependent manner in both heterogeneous and clonal NPY-expressing female-derived cell models. The results of this study demonstrate that circadian expression of Bmal1 serves as a mechanistic link between Western diet- and palmitate-induced disruptions of the normal rhythmic patterns in hypothalamic feeding-related neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neruja Loganathan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erika K Tse
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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8
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Holczer M, Hajdú B, Lőrincz T, Szarka A, Bánhegyi G, Kapuy O. A Double Negative Feedback Loop between mTORC1 and AMPK Kinases Guarantees Precise Autophagy Induction upon Cellular Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225543. [PMID: 31703252 PMCID: PMC6888297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is controlled by an evolutionary conserved cellular digestive process called autophagy. This mechanism is tightly regulated by the two sensor elements called mTORC1 and AMPK. mTORC1 is one of the master regulators of proteostasis, while AMPK maintains cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK is able to promote autophagy by phosphorylating ULK1, the key inducer of autophagosome formation, while mTORC1 downregulates the self-eating process via ULK1 under nutrient rich conditions. We claim that the feedback loops of the AMPK–mTORC1–ULK1 regulatory triangle guarantee the appropriate response mechanism when nutrient and/or energy supply changes. In our opinion, there is an essential double negative feedback loop between mTORC1 and AMPK. Namely, not only does AMPK downregulate mTORC1, but mTORC1 also inhibits AMPK and this inhibition is required to keep AMPK inactive at physiological conditions. The aim of the present study was to explore the dynamical characteristic of AMPK regulation upon various cellular stress events. We approached our scientific analysis from a systems biology perspective by incorporating both theoretical and molecular biological techniques. In this study, we confirmed that AMPK is essential to promote autophagy, but is not sufficient to maintain it. AMPK activation is followed by ULK1 induction, where protein has a key role in keeping autophagy active. ULK1-controlled autophagy is always preceded by AMPK activation. With both ULK1 depletion and mTORC1 hyper-activation (i.e., TSC1/2 downregulation), we demonstrate that a double negative feedback loop between AMPK and mTORC1 is crucial for the proper dynamic features of the control network. Our computer simulations have further proved the dynamical characteristic of AMPK–mTORC1–ULK1 controlled cellular nutrient sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Holczer
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (B.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Bence Hajdú
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (B.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Tamás Lőrincz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (T.L.); (A.S.)
| | - András Szarka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (T.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (B.H.); (G.B.)
- Pathobiochemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (B.H.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1266-2615
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9
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Bao H, Zhang Q, Liu X, Song Y, Li X, Wang Z, Li C, Peng A, Gong R. Lithium targeting of AMPK protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by enhancing autophagy in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:14370-14381. [PMID: 31661633 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901712r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has been demonstrated to be vital for kidney homeostasis and is centrally implicated in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Lithium is a potent autophagy inducer in a number of cell types. However, it remains uncertain whether its autophagic activity is associated with a beneficial effect on renal tubular cells in AKI. This study aimed to examine the effect of lithium on renal autophagy in cisplatin-induced AKI. Mice or renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in culture were exposed to cisplatin-induced acute injury in the presence or absence of lithium treatment. AKI or tubular cell injury was evaluated, and cell signaling associated with autophagy was examined. Lithium pretreatment prominently ameliorated acute renal tubular damage in mice exposed to cisplatin insult, associated with enhanced autophagy in renal tubules, as assessed by measuring microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)BII/I expression and autophagosome formation. Consistently, in cisplatin-injured renal tubular cells in vitro, lithium enhanced autophagic activities, improved cell viability, and attenuated cell death. Mechanistically, lithium triggered AMPK-α phosphorylation and activation, which in turn positively correlated with the induced expression of autophagy-related molecules, like mammalian target of rapamycin and LC3BII/I. AMPK-α activation is likely required for lithium-induced tubular cell autophagy and protection in cisplatin-induced AKI because blockade of AMPK-α phosphorylation by compound C markedly abrogated lithium-induced autophagosome formation and mitigated the protective effect of lithium on AKI. Our findings suggest that lithium represents a promising therapeutic strategy for protecting renal tubular cells against cisplatin-induced AKI by enhancing autophagy via AMPK-α activation.-Bao, H., Zhang, Q., Liu, X., Song, Y., Li, X., Wang, Z., Li, C., Peng, A., Gong, R. Lithium targeting of AMPK protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by enhancing autophagy in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Qianyun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinying Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxiang Song
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Changbin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ai Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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10
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Abstract
Feeding, which is essential for all animals, is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. In addition, food consumption is temporally coordinated by the brain over the circadian (~24 h) cycle. A network of circadian clocks set daily windows during which food consumption can occur. These daily windows mostly overlap with the active phase. Brain clocks that ensure the circadian control of food intake include a master light-entrainable clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus and secondary clocks in hypothalamic and brainstem regions. Metabolic hormones, circulating nutrients and visceral neural inputs transmit rhythmic cues that permit (via close and reciprocal molecular interactions that link metabolic processes and circadian clockwork) brain and peripheral organs to be synchronized to feeding time. As a consequence of these complex interactions, growing evidence shows that chronodisruption and mistimed eating have deleterious effects on metabolic health. Conversely, eating, even eating an unbalanced diet, during the normal active phase reduces metabolic disturbances. Therefore, in addition to energy intake and dietary composition, appropriately timed meal patterns are critical to prevent circadian desynchronization and limit metabolic risks. This Review provides insight into the dual modulation of food intake by homeostatic and circadian processes, describes the mechanisms regulating feeding time and highlights the beneficial effects of correctly timed eating, as opposed to the negative metabolic consequences of mistimed eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Challet
- Circadian clocks and metabolism team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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11
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Kim P, Oster H, Lehnert H, Schmid SM, Salamat N, Barclay JL, Maronde E, Inder W, Rawashdeh O. Coupling the Circadian Clock to Homeostasis: The Role of Period in Timing Physiology. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:66-95. [PMID: 30169559 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of physiological processes show stable and synchronized daily oscillations that are either driven or modulated by biological clocks. A circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the ventral hypothalamus coordinates 24-hour oscillations of central and peripheral physiology with the environment. The circadian clockwork involved in driving rhythmic physiology is composed of various clock genes that are interlocked via a complex feedback loop to generate precise yet plastic oscillations of ∼24 hours. This review focuses on the specific role of the core clockwork gene Period1 and its paralogs on intra-oscillator and extra-oscillator functions, including, but not limited to, hippocampus-dependent processes, cardiovascular function, appetite control, as well as glucose and lipid homeostasis. Alterations in Period gene function have been implicated in a wide range of physical and mental disorders. At the same time, a variety of conditions including metabolic disorders also impact clock gene expression, resulting in circadian disruptions, which in turn often exacerbates the disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureum Kim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Salamat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Johanna L Barclay
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erik Maronde
- Department of Anatomy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Warrick Inder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Loganathan N, Salehi A, Chalmers JA, Belsham DD. Bisphenol A Alters Bmal1, Per2, and Rev-Erba mRNA and Requires Bmal1 to Increase Neuropeptide Y Expression in Hypothalamic Neurons. Endocrinology 2019; 160:181-192. [PMID: 30500912 PMCID: PMC6307099 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous environmental endocrine disruptor, is considered an obesogen. However, its role in the hypothalamic control of energy balance remains largely unexplored. Because disruption of the circadian clock is tightly associated with metabolic consequences, we explored how BPA affects the components of the molecular circadian clock in the feeding-related neurons of the hypothalamus. In immortalized POMC and NPY/AgRP-expressing hypothalamic cell lines and primary culture, we describe how BPA significantly alters mRNA expression of circadian clock genes Bmal1,Per2, and Rev-Erbα. Furthermore, we use newly generated Bmal1-knockout (KO) hypothalamic cell lines to link the BPA-induced neuropeptide dysregulation to the molecular clock. Specifically, BPA increased Npy, Agrp, and Pomc mRNA expression in wild type hypothalamic cells, whereas the increase in Npy, but not Agrp or Pomc, was abolished in cell lines lacking BMAL1. In line with this increase, BPA led to increased BMAL1 binding to the Npy promotor, potentially increasing Npy transcription. In conclusion, we show that BPA-mediated dysregulation of the circadian molecular clock is linked to the deleterious effects of BPA on neuropeptide expression. Furthermore, we describe hypothalamic Bmal1-KO cell lines to study the role of BMAL1 in hypothalamic responses to metabolic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neruja Loganathan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashkan Salehi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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van der Veen DR, Riede SJ, Heideman PD, Hau M, van der Vinne V, Hut RA. Flexible clock systems: adjusting the temporal programme. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0254. [PMID: 28993498 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Under natural conditions, many aspects of the abiotic and biotic environment vary with time of day, season or even era, while these conditions are typically kept constant in laboratory settings. The timing information contained within the environment serves as critical timing cues for the internal biological timing system, but how this system drives daily rhythms in behaviour and physiology may also depend on the internal state of the animal. The disparity between timing of these cues in natural and laboratory conditions can result in substantial differences in the scheduling of behaviour and physiology under these conditions. In nature, temporal coordination of biological processes is critical to maximize fitness because they optimize the balance between reproduction, foraging and predation risk. Here we focus on the role of peripheral circadian clocks, and the rhythms that they drive, in enabling adaptive phenotypes. We discuss how reproduction, endocrine activity and metabolism interact with peripheral clocks, and outline the complex phenotypes arising from changes in this system. We conclude that peripheral timing is critical to adaptive plasticity of circadian organization in the field, and that we must abandon standard laboratory conditions to understand the mechanisms that underlie this plasticity which maximizes fitness under natural conditions.This article is part of the themed issue 'Wild clocks: integrating chronobiology and ecology to understand timekeeping in free-living animals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan R van der Veen
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Sjaak J Riede
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul D Heideman
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Michaela Hau
- Max-Planck-Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany and University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vincent van der Vinne
- Neurobiology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Roelof A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Bort A, Quesada S, Ramos-Torres Á, Gargantilla M, Priego EM, Raynal S, Lepifre F, Gasalla JM, Rodriguez-Henche N, Castro A, Díaz-Laviada I. Identification of a novel 2-oxindole fluorinated derivative as in vivo antitumor agent for prostate cancer acting via AMPK activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4370. [PMID: 29531259 PMCID: PMC5847527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The key metabolic sensor adenosine monophosphate-dependent kinase (AMPK) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for cancer prevention and treatment. Besides its role in energy homeostasis, AMPK blocks cell cycle, regulates autophagy and suppresses the anabolic processes required for rapid cell growth. AMPK is especially relevant in prostate cancer in which activation of lipogenic pathways correlate with tumor progression and aggressiveness. This study reports the discovery of a new series of 2-oxindole derivatives whose AMPK modulatory ability, as well as the antitumoral profile in prostate cancer cells, was evaluated. One of the assayed compounds, compound 8c, notably activated AMPK in cultured PC-3, DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Likewise, compound 8c caused PC-3, DU145 and LNCaP cells viability inhibition. Selective knocking down of α1 or α2 isoforms as well as in vitro assays using human recombinant α1β1γ1 or α2β1γ1 AMPK isoforms revealed that compound 8c exhibit preference for AMPKα1. Consistent with efficacy at the cellular level, compound 8c was potent in suppressing the growth of PC-3 xenograft tumors. In conclusion, our results show that a new 2-oxindole fluorinated derivative exerts potent in vivo antitumor actions against prostate cancer cells, indicating a promising clinical therapeutic strategy for the treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Bort
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Quesada
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ágata Ramos-Torres
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gargantilla
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva María Priego
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophie Raynal
- Metabrain Research, 4 Ave. du Pdt. François Mitterrand, 91380, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Franck Lepifre
- Metabrain Research, 4 Ave. du Pdt. François Mitterrand, 91380, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Jose M Gasalla
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Principe de Asturias Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Rodriguez-Henche
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Castro
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Schmitt K, Grimm A, Dallmann R, Oettinghaus B, Restelli LM, Witzig M, Ishihara N, Mihara K, Ripperger JA, Albrecht U, Frank S, Brown SA, Eckert A. Circadian Control of DRP1 Activity Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics. Cell Metab 2018; 27:657-666.e5. [PMID: 29478834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission-fusion dynamics and mitochondrial bioenergetics, including oxidative phosphorylation and generation of ATP, are strongly clock controlled. Here we show that these circadian oscillations depend on circadian modification of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a key mediator of mitochondrial fission. We used a combination of in vitro and in vivo models, including human skin fibroblasts and DRP1-deficient or clock-deficient mice, to show that these dynamics are clock controlled via circadian regulation of DRP1. Genetic or pharmacological abrogation of DRP1 activity abolished circadian network dynamics and mitochondrial respiratory activity and eliminated circadian ATP production. Pharmacological silencing of pathways regulating circadian metabolism and mitochondrial function (e.g., sirtuins, AMPK) also altered DRP1 phosphorylation, and abrogation of DRP1 activity impaired circadian function. Our findings provide new insight into the crosstalk between the mitochondrial network and circadian cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schmitt
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Grimm
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Dallmann
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Oettinghaus
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Michelle Restelli
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Witzig
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Naotada Ishihara
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume 839-0864, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Mihara
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jürgen A Ripperger
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Urs Albrecht
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven A Brown
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anne Eckert
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Blancas-Velazquez AS, Unmehopa UA, Eggels L, Koekkoek L, Kalsbeek A, Mendoza J, la Fleur SE. A Free-Choice High-Fat High-Sugar Diet Alters Day-Night Per2 Gene Expression in Reward-Related Brain Areas in Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:154. [PMID: 29686649 PMCID: PMC5900023 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal light-dark conditions, nocturnal rodents consume most of their food during the dark period. Diets high in fat and sugar, however, may affect the day-night feeding rhythm resulting in a higher light phase intake. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that nutrients affect clock-gene expression. We therefore hypothesized that overconsuming fat and sugar alters clock-gene expression in brain structures important for feeding behavior. We determined the effects of a free-choice high-fat high-sugar (fcHFHS) diet on clock-gene expression in rat brain areas related to feeding and reward and compared them with chow-fed rats. Consuming a fcHFHS diet for 6 weeks disrupted day-night differences in Per2 mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and lateral hypothalamus but not in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, habenula, and ventral tegmental area. Furthermore, short-term sugar drinking, but not fat feeding, upregulates Per2 mRNA expression in the NAc. The disruptions in day-night differences in NAc Per2 gene expression were not accompanied by altered day-night differences in the mRNA expression of peptides related to food intake. We conclude that the fcHFHS diet and acute sugar drinking affect Per2 gene expression in areas involved in food reward; however, this is not sufficient to alter the day-night pattern of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurea Susana Blancas-Velazquez
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR-3212, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Unga A. Unmehopa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leslie Eggels
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Koekkoek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jorge Mendoza
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR-3212, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Susanne E. la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Susanne E. la Fleur,
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17
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He S, Li Q, Jiang X, Lu X, Feng F, Qu W, Chen Y, Sun H. Design of Small Molecule Autophagy Modulators: A Promising Druggable Strategy. J Med Chem 2017; 61:4656-4687. [PMID: 29211480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent mechanism of intracellular degradation for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of autophagy has been verified to be closely linked to a number of human diseases. Consequently, targeting autophagy has been highlighted as a novel therapeutic strategy for clinical utility. Mounting efforts have been done in recent years to elucidate the mechanisms of autophagy regulation and to identify potential modulators of autophagy. However, most of the compounds target complex and multifaceted pathway and proteins, which may limit the evaluation of therapeutic value and in depth studies as chemical tools. Therefore, the development of specific and active autophagy modulators becomes most desirable. Here, we briefly review the regulation of autophagy and then summarize the recent development of small molecules targeting the core autophagic machinery. Finally, we put forward our viewpoints on the current problems, with the aim to provide reference for future drug discovery and potential therapeutic perspectives on novel, potent, selective autophagy modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Xueyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Feng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Wei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , 210023 , China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
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18
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Qian J, Thomas AP, Schroeder AM, Rakshit K, Colwell CS, Matveyenko AV. Development of diabetes does not alter behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms in a transgenic rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E213-E221. [PMID: 28465284 PMCID: PMC5582890 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00406.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic state and circadian clock function exhibit a complex bidirectional relationship. Circadian disruption increases propensity for metabolic dysfunction, whereas common metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are associated with impaired circadian rhythms. Specifically, alterations in glucose availability and glucose metabolism have been shown to modulate clock gene expression and function in vitro; however, to date, it is unknown whether development of diabetes imparts deleterious effects on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) circadian clock and SCN-driven outputs in vivo. To address this question, we undertook studies in aged diabetic rats transgenic for human islet amyloid polypeptide, an established nonobese model of T2DM (HIP rat), which develops metabolic defects closely recapitulating those present in patients with T2DM. HIP rats were also cross-bred with a clock gene reporter rat model (Per1:luciferase transgenic rat) to permit assessment of the SCN and the peripheral molecular clock function ex vivo. Utilizing these animal models, we examined effects of diabetes on 1) behavioral circadian rhythms, 2) photic entrainment of circadian activity, 3) SCN and peripheral tissue molecular clock function, and 4) melatonin secretion. We report that circadian activity, light-induced entrainment, molecular clockwork, as well as melatonin secretion are preserved in the HIP rat model of T2DM. These results suggest that despite the well-characterized ability of glucose to modulate circadian clock gene expression acutely in vitro, SCN clock function and key behavioral and physiological outputs appear to be preserved under chronic diabetic conditions characteristic of nonobese T2DM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Circadian Rhythm/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Islet Amyloid Polypeptide/genetics
- Islet Amyloid Polypeptide/metabolism
- Light
- Male
- Period Circadian Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats, Transgenic
- Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/metabolism
- Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qian
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anthony P Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Analyne M Schroeder
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
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19
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Inhibition of expression of the circadian clock gene Period causes metabolic abnormalities including repression of glycometabolism in Bombyx mori cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46258. [PMID: 28393918 PMCID: PMC5385517 DOI: 10.1038/srep46258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in the circadian clock system are known to affect the body’s metabolic functions, though the molecular mechanisms responsible remain uncertain. In this study, we achieved continuous knockdown of B. mori Period (BmPer) gene expression in the B. mori ovary cell line (BmN), and generated a Per-KD B. mori model with developmental disorders including small individual cells and slow growth. We conducted cell metabolomics assays by gas chromatography/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and showed that knockdown of BmPer gene expression resulted in significant inhibition of glycometabolism. Amino acids that used glucose metabolites as a source were also down-regulated, while lipid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism were significantly up-regulated. Metabolite correlation analysis showed that pyruvate and lactate were closely related to glycometabolism, as well as to metabolites such as aspartate, alanine, and xanthine in other pathways. Further validation experiments showed that the activities of the key enzymes of glucose metabolism, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and citrate synthase, were significantly decreased and transcription of their encoding genes, as well as that of pyruvate kinase, were also significantly down-regulated. We concluded that inhibition of the circadian clock gene BmPer repressed glycometabolism, and may be associated with changes in cellular amino acid metabolism, and in cell growth and development.
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20
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Cheng J, Zhang T, Ji H, Tao K, Guo J, Wei W. Functional characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:232-251. [PMID: 27681874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitously expressed metabolic sensor among various species. Specifically, cellular AMPK is phosphorylated and activated under certain stressful conditions, such as energy deprivation, in turn to activate diversified downstream substrates to modulate the adaptive changes and maintain metabolic homeostasis. Recently, emerging evidences have implicated the potential roles of AMPK signaling in tumor initiation and progression. Nevertheless, a comprehensive description on such topic is still in scarcity, especially in combination of its biochemical features with mouse modeling results to elucidate the physiological role of AMPK signaling in tumorigenesis. Hence, we performed this thorough review by summarizing the tumorigenic role of each component along the AMPK signaling, comprising of both its upstream and downstream effectors. Moreover, their functional interplay with the AMPK heterotrimer and exclusive efficacies in carcinogenesis were chiefly explained among genetically altered mice models. Importantly, the pharmaceutical investigations of AMPK relevant medications have also been highlighted. In summary, in this review, we not only elucidate the potential functions of AMPK signaling pathway in governing tumorigenesis, but also potentiate the future targeted strategy aiming for better treatment of aberrant metabolism-associated diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hongbin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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21
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Altman BJ. Cancer Clocks Out for Lunch: Disruption of Circadian Rhythm and Metabolic Oscillation in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:62. [PMID: 27500134 PMCID: PMC4971383 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-h oscillations present in most eukaryotes and many prokaryotes that synchronize activity to the day-night cycle. They are an essential feature of organismal and cell physiology that coordinate many of the metabolic, biosynthetic, and signal transduction pathways studied in biology. The molecular mechanism of circadian rhythm is controlled both by signal transduction and gene transcription as well as by metabolic feedback. The role of circadian rhythm in cancer cell development and survival is still not well understood, but as will be discussed in this Review, accumulated research suggests that circadian rhythm may be altered or disrupted in many human cancers downstream of common oncogenic alterations. Thus, a complete understanding of the genetic and metabolic alterations in cancer must take potential circadian rhythm perturbations into account, as this disruption itself will influence how gene expression and metabolism are altered in the cancer cell compared to its non-transformed neighbor. It will be important to better understand these circadian changes in both normal and cancer cell physiology to potentially design treatment modalities to exploit this insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Altman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research InstitutePhiladelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
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