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Du QQ, Shi W, Yu D, Yao KH. Epidemiology of non-vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae before and after universal administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5628-5637. [PMID: 34726580 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1985353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The universal administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) had been demonstrated as an effective way to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. However, the immunity induced by PCVs protected against the infections caused by vaccine serotypes, which were usually more frequent than non-vaccine serotypes (NVTs). The prevalence and pathogenicity of NVTs after universal vaccination have caused widespread concern. We reviewed the epidemiology of non-PCV13 S. pneumoniae before and after PCV13 introduction, and explored the potential reasons for the spread of NVTs. Emerging and spreading NVTs can be regarded as the focus for future serotype epidemiological survey and vaccine optimization.AbbreviationsIPD: invasive pneumococcal disease PCV: pneumococcal conjugate vaccines VT: vaccine serotypeNVT: non-vaccine serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Du
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Hu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Arends DW, Miellet WR, Langereis JD, Ederveen THA, van der Gaast–de Jongh CE, van Scherpenzeel M, Knol MJ, van Sorge NM, Lefeber DJ, Trzciński K, Sanders EAM, Dorfmueller HC, Bootsma HJ, de Jonge MI. Examining the Distribution and Impact of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Capsular Locus of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0024621. [PMID: 34251291 PMCID: PMC8519296 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00246-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A prevalence has increased after the implementation of the PCV7 and PCV10 vaccines. In this study, we have provided, with high accuracy, the genetic diversity of the 19A serotype in a cohort of Dutch invasive pneumococcal disease patients and asymptomatic carriers obtained in the period from 2004 to 2016. The whole genomes of the 338 pneumococcal isolates in this cohort were sequenced and their capsule (cps) loci compared to examine their diversity and determine the impact on the production of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) sugar precursors and CPS shedding. We discovered 79 types with a unique cps locus sequence. Most variation was observed in the rmlB and rmlD genes of the TDP-Rha synthesis pathway and in the wzg gene, which is of unknown function. Interestingly, gene variation in the cps locus was conserved in multiple alleles. Using RmlB and RmlD protein models, we predict that enzymatic function is not affected by the single-nucleotide polymorphisms as identified. To determine if RmlB and RmlD function was affected, we analyzed nucleotide sugar levels using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). CPS precursors differed between 19A cps locus subtypes, including TDP-Rha, but no clear correlation was observed. Also, significant differences in multiple nucleotide sugar levels were observed between phylogenetically branched groups. Because of indications of a role for Wzg in capsule shedding, we analyzed if this was affected. No clear indication of a direct role in shedding was found. We thus describe genotypic variety in rmlB, rmlD, and wzg in serotype 19A in the Netherlands, for which we have not discovered an associated phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. W. Arends
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - W. R. Miellet
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - J. D. Langereis
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T. H. A. Ederveen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C. E. van der Gaast–de Jongh
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. van Scherpenzeel
- GlycoMScan, Oss, The Netherlands
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. J. Knol
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - N. M. van Sorge
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. J. Lefeber
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K. Trzciński
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E. A. M. Sanders
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H. C. Dorfmueller
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - H. J. Bootsma
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - M. I. de Jonge
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hoes J, Boef AGC, Knol MJ, de Melker HE, Mollema L, van der Klis FRM, Rots NY, van Baarle D. Socioeconomic Status Is Associated With Antibody Levels Against Vaccine Preventable Diseases in the Netherlands. Front Public Health 2018; 6:209. [PMID: 30140666 PMCID: PMC6094970 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated whether low socioeconomic status (SES), which is associated with reduced health and life expectancy, might play a role in increased risk for infectious diseases. Therefore, we explored the association between SES and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels against various pathogens. Methods: We analyzed the association between SES [educational level and net household income (NHI)] and serum IgG concentration against measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB), pneumococcus, meningococcus serogroup C (MenC), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) collected within a national cross-sectional serosurvey (2006/2007) using linear regression analyses among non-vaccinated individuals. Results: Higher educational level was associated with higher IgG concentrations against measles (GMC ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.18–1.53) and rubella (1.13, 1.02–1.25) compared to low education level. In contrast, higher education level was associated with lower IgG concentrations against pneumococcus (0.78, 0.70–0.88), MenC (0.54, 0.44–0.68), and CMV (0.23, 0.18–0.31) compared to low education level. This pattern was also evident when NHI was used as SES indicator. Conclusion: Our study suggests that socioeconomic status is associated with antibody levels in a pathogen-dependent manner. The results suggest that differences in serological response upon infection or differences in exposure might be involved in the variation in IgG levels between SES groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joske Hoes
- Centre for Epidemiology and Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Anna G C Boef
- Centre for Epidemiology and Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam J Knol
- Centre for Epidemiology and Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Hester E de Melker
- Centre for Epidemiology and Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Mollema
- Centre for Epidemiology and Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Fiona R M van der Klis
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Nynke Y Rots
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Department Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Stockmann C, Ampofo K, Pavia AT, Blaschke AJ, Mason EO, Presson AP, Forney LJ, Byington CL. Clinical and Epidemiological Evidence of the Red Queen Hypothesis in Pneumococcal Serotype Dynamics. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:619-626. [PMID: 27282711 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Red Queen hypothesis is an evolutionary theory that describes the reciprocal coevolution of competing species. We sought to study whether introduction of the 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13, respectively) altered pneumococcal serotype dynamics among children with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) as predicted by the Red Queen hypothesis. METHODS This study examined pneumococcal isolates (n = 641) obtained from children <18 years of age hospitalized with IPD from 1997 to 2014 in Utah. A review of the literature also identified several additional studies conducted in the United States and Europe that were used to test the external generalizability of our Utah findings. Simpson's index was used to quantify pneumococcal serotype diversity. RESULTS In Utah, the introduction of PCV7 and PCV13 was associated with rapid increases in serotype diversity (P < .001). Serotypes rarely present before vaccine introduction emerged as common causes of IPD. Diversity then decreased (P < .001) as competition selected for the fittest serotypes and new evolutionary equilibriums were established. This pattern was also observed more broadly in the United States, the United Kingdom, Norway, and Spain. CONCLUSIONS This vaccine-driven example of human/bacterial coevolution appears to confirm the Red Queen hypothesis, which reveals a limitation of serotype-specific vaccines and offers insights that may facilitate alternative strategies for the elimination of IPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Stockmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Krow Ampofo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Andrew T Pavia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Anne J Blaschke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | | | - Angela P Presson
- Study Design and Biostatistics Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Larry J Forney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow
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