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Romano EJ, Zhang DQ. Dopaminergic amacrine cells express HCN channels in the developing and adult mouse retina. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.20.604440. [PMID: 39091772 PMCID: PMC11291019 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.20.604440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the molecular and functional expression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels in developing and mature dopaminergic amacrine cells (DACs), the sole source of ocular dopamine that plays a vital role in visual function and eye development. Methods HCN channels are encoded by isoforms 1-4. HCN1, HCN2, and HCN4 were immunostained in retinal slices obtained from mice at postnatal day 4 (P4), P8, and P12 as well as in adults. Each HCN channel isoform was also immunostained with tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker for DACs, at P12 and adult retinas. Genetically-marked DACs were recorded in flat-mount retina preparation using a whole-cell current-clamp technique. Results HCN1 was expressed in rods/cones, amacrine cells, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) at P4, along with bipolar cells by P12. Different from HCN1, HCN2 and HCN4 were each expressed in amacrine cells and RGCs at P4, along with bipolar cells by P8, and in rods/cones by P12. Double immunostaining shows that each of the three isoforms was expressed in approximately half of DACs at P12 but in almost all DACs in adults. Electrophysiology results demonstrate that HCN channel isoforms form functional HCN channels, and the pharmacological blockade of HCN channels reduced the spontaneous firing frequency in most DACs. Conclusions Each class of retinal neurons may use different isoforms of HCN channels to function during development. HCN1, HCN2, and HCN4 form functional HCN channels in DACs, which appears to modulate their spontaneous firing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J Romano
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Dao-Qi Zhang
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
- Eye Research Center, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan
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Zhao D, Pinares-Garcia P, McKenzie CE, Bleakley LE, Forster IC, Wong VHY, Nguyen CTO, Scheffer IE, Reid CA, Bui BV. Retinal Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of HCN1 Genetic Epilepsy. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2199-2209. [PMID: 36813574 PMCID: PMC10039744 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1615-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in HCN1 are associated with a range of epilepsy syndromes including a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. The recurrent de novo HCN1 pathogenic variant (M305L) results in a cation leak, allowing the flux of excitatory ions at potentials where the wild-type channels are closed. The Hcn1M294L mouse recapitulates patient seizure and behavioral phenotypes. As HCN1 channels are highly expressed in rod and cone photoreceptor inner segments, where they shape the light response, mutated channels are likely to impact visual function. Electroretinogram (ERG) recordings from male and female mice Hcn1M294L mice revealed a significant decrease in the photoreceptor sensitivity to light, as well as attenuated bipolar cell (P2) and retinal ganglion cell responses. Hcn1M294L mice also showed attenuated ERG responses to flickering lights. ERG abnormalities are consistent with the response recorded from a single female human subject. There was no impact of the variant on the structure or expression of the Hcn1 protein in the retina. In silico modeling of photoreceptors revealed that the mutated HCN1 channel dramatically reduced light-induced hyperpolarization, resulting in more Ca2+ flux during the response when compared with the wild-type situation. We propose that the light-induced change in glutamate release from photoreceptors during a stimulus will be diminished, significantly blunting the dynamic range of this response. Our data highlight the importance of HCN1 channels to retinal function and suggest that patients with HCN1 pathogenic variants are likely to have a dramatically reduced sensitivity to light and a limited ability to process temporal information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Pathogenic variants in HCN1 are emerging as an important cause of catastrophic epilepsy. HCN1 channels are ubiquitously expressed throughout the body, including the retina. Electroretinogram recordings from a mouse model of HCN1 genetic epilepsy showed a marked decrease in the photoreceptor sensitivity to light and a reduced ability to respond to high rates of light flicker. No morphologic deficits were noted. Simulation data suggest that the mutated HCN1 channel blunts light-induced hyperpolarization and consequently limits the dynamic range of this response. Our results provide insights into the role HCN1 channels play in retinal function as well as highlighting the need to consider retinal dysfunction in disease caused by HCN1 variants. The characteristic changes in the electroretinogram open the possibility of using this tool as a biomarker for this HCN1 epilepsy variant and to facilitate development of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhao
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paulo Pinares-Garcia
- Early Development Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chaseley E McKenzie
- Early Development Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren E Bleakley
- Early Development Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian C Forster
- Early Development Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vickie H Y Wong
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine T O Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Early Development Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne/Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Christopher A Reid
- Early Development Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne/Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
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Inamdar SM, Lankford CK, Baker SA. Photoreceptor Ion Channels in Signaling and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1415:269-276. [PMID: 37440044 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptors (PRs) in the neural retina convert photon capture into an electrical signal that is communicated across a chemical synapse to second-order neurons in the retina and on through the rest of the visual pathway. This information is decoded in the visual cortex to create images. The activity of PRs depends on the concerted action of several voltage-gated ion channels that will be discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi M Inamdar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Colten K Lankford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sheila A Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Lankford C, Houtman J, Baker SA. Identification of HCN1 as a 14-3-3 client. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268335. [PMID: 35679272 PMCID: PMC9182292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 (HCN1) is expressed throughout the nervous system and is critical for regulating neuronal excitability, with mutations being associated with multiple forms of epilepsy. Adaptive modulation of HCN1 has been observed, as has pathogenic dysregulation. While the mechanisms underlying this modulation remain incompletely understood, regulation of HCN1 has been shown to include phosphorylation. A candidate phosphorylation-dependent regulator of HCN1 channels is 14-3-3. We used bioinformatics to identify three potential 14-3-3 binding sites in HCN1. We confirmed that 14-3-3 could pull down HCN1 from multiple tissue sources and used HEK293 cells to detail the interaction. Two sites in the intrinsically disordered C-terminus of HCN1 were necessary and sufficient for a phosphorylation-dependent interaction with 14-3-3. The same region of HCN1 containing the 14-3-3 binding peptides is required for phosphorylation-independent protein degradation. We propose a model in which phosphorylation of mouse S810 and S867 (human S789 and S846) recruits 14-3-3 to inhibit a yet unidentified factor signaling for protein degradation, thus increasing the half-life of HCN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colten Lankford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jon Houtman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Sheila A. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lankford CK, Umino Y, Poria D, Kefalov V, Solessio E, Baker SA. Cone-Driven Retinal Responses Are Shaped by Rod But Not Cone HCN1. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4231-4249. [PMID: 35437278 PMCID: PMC9145265 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2271-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal integration of converging neural circuits is poorly understood. One example is in the retina where the integration of rod and cone signaling is responsible for the large dynamic range of vision. The relative contribution of rods versus cones is dictated by a complex function involving background light intensity and stimulus temporal frequency. One understudied mechanism involved in coordinating rod and cone signaling onto the shared retinal circuit is the hyperpolarization activated current (Ih) mediated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 1 (HCN1) channels expressed in rods and cones. Ih opposes membrane hyperpolarization driven by activation of the phototransduction cascade and modulates the strength and kinetics of the photoreceptor voltage response. We examined conditional knock-out (KO) of HCN1 from mouse rods using electroretinography (ERG). In the absence of HCN1, rod responses are prolonged in dim light which altered the response to slow modulation of light intensity both at the level of retinal signaling and behavior. Under brighter intensities, cone-driven signaling was suppressed. To our surprise, conditional KO of HCN1 from mouse cones had no effect on cone-mediated signaling. We propose that Ih is dispensable in cones because of the high level of temporal control of cone phototransduction. Thus, HCN1 is required for cone-driven retinal signaling only indirectly by modulating the voltage response of rods to limit their output.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hyperpolarization gated hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 1 (HCN1) channels carry a feedback current that helps to reset light-activated photoreceptors. Using conditional HCN1 knock-out (KO) mice we show that ablating HCN1 from rods allows rods to signal in bright light when they are normally shut down. Instead of enhancing vision this results in suppressing cone signaling. Conversely, ablating HCN1 from cones was of no consequence. This work provides novel insights into the integration of rod and cone signaling in the retina and challenges our assumptions about the role of HCN1 in cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colten K Lankford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Yumiko Umino
- Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Deepak Poria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Vladimir Kefalov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Eduardo Solessio
- Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Sheila A Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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Schick R, Farah N, Markus A, Korngreen A, Mandel Y. Electrophysiologic Characterization of Developing Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Photoreceptor Precursors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:44. [PMID: 32991686 PMCID: PMC7533729 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Photoreceptor precursor cells (PRPs) differentiated from human embryonic stem cells can serve as a source for cell replacement therapy aimed at vision restoration in patients suffering from degenerative diseases of the outer retina, such as retinitis pigmentosa and AMD. In this work, we studied the electrophysiologic maturation of PRPs throughout the differentiation process. Methods Human embryonic stem cells were differentiated into PRPs and whole-cell recordings were performed for electrophysiologic characterization at days 0, 30, 60, and 90 along with quantitative PCR analysis to characterize the expression level of various ion channels, which shape the electrophysiologic response. Finally, to characterize the electrically induced calcium currents, we employed calcium imaging (rhod4) to visualize intracellular calcium dynamics in response to electrical activation. Results Our results revealed an early and steady presence (approximately 100% of responsive cells) of the delayed potassium rectifier current. In contrast, the percentage of cells exhibiting voltage-gated sodium currents increased with maturation (from 0% to almost 90% of responsive cells at 90 days). Moreover, calcium imaging revealed the presence of voltage-gated calcium currents, which play a major role in vision formation. These results were further supported by quantitative PCR analysis, which revealed a significant and continuous (3- to 50-fold) increase in the expression of various voltage-gated channels concomitantly with the increase in the expression of the photoreceptor marker CRX. Conclusions These results can shed light on the electrophysiologic maturation of neurons in general and PRP in particular and can form the basis for devising and optimizing cell replacement-based vision restoration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Schick
- School of Optometry and Visual Science, Faculty of Life Science and Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced material (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Nairouz Farah
- School of Optometry and Visual Science, Faculty of Life Science and Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced material (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Amos Markus
- School of Optometry and Visual Science, Faculty of Life Science and Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced material (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Alon Korngreen
- Faculty of Life Science and The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yossi Mandel
- School of Optometry and Visual Science, Faculty of Life Science and Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced material (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Van Hook MJ, Nawy S, Thoreson WB. Voltage- and calcium-gated ion channels of neurons in the vertebrate retina. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 72:100760. [PMID: 31078724 PMCID: PMC6739185 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize studies investigating the types and distribution of voltage- and calcium-gated ion channels in the different classes of retinal neurons: rods, cones, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, interplexiform cells, and ganglion cells. We discuss differences among cell subtypes within these major cell classes, as well as differences among species, and consider how different ion channels shape the responses of different neurons. For example, even though second-order bipolar and horizontal cells do not typically generate fast sodium-dependent action potentials, many of these cells nevertheless possess fast sodium currents that can enhance their kinetic response capabilities. Ca2+ channel activity can also shape response kinetics as well as regulating synaptic release. The L-type Ca2+ channel subtype, CaV1.4, expressed in photoreceptor cells exhibits specific properties matching the particular needs of these cells such as limited inactivation which allows sustained channel activity and maintained synaptic release in darkness. The particular properties of K+ and Cl- channels in different retinal neurons shape resting membrane potentials, response kinetics and spiking behavior. A remaining challenge is to characterize the specific distributions of ion channels in the more than 100 individual cell types that have been identified in the retina and to describe how these particular ion channels sculpt neuronal responses to assist in the processing of visual information by the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Van Hook
- Truhlsen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Scott Nawy
- Truhlsen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience(2), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Wallace B Thoreson
- Truhlsen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience(2), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Grimes WN, Baudin J, Azevedo AW, Rieke F. Range, routing and kinetics of rod signaling in primate retina. eLife 2018; 7:38281. [PMID: 30299254 PMCID: PMC6218188 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulus- or context-dependent routing of neural signals through parallel pathways can permit flexible processing of diverse inputs. For example, work in mouse shows that rod photoreceptor signals are routed through several retinal pathways, each specialized for different light levels. This light-level-dependent routing of rod signals has been invoked to explain several human perceptual results, but it has not been tested in primate retina. Here, we show, surprisingly, that rod signals traverse the primate retina almost exclusively through a single pathway – the dedicated rod bipolar pathway. Identical experiments in mouse and primate reveal substantial differences in how rod signals traverse the retina. These results require reevaluating human perceptual results in terms of flexible computation within this single pathway. This includes a prominent speeding of rod signals with light level – which we show is inherited directly from the rod photoreceptors themselves rather than from different pathways with distinct kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Grimes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jacob Baudin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Anthony W Azevedo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Fred Rieke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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Abstract
Full-field electroretinography (ERG) belongs to the gold-standard of electrophysiological test systems in ophthalmology and reflects the sum response of the entire retina to light stimulation. The assessment of the retinal function is a fundamental diagnostic technique not only in the clinical ophthalmology it is also indispensable in the ophthalmic research, in particular, in therapeutic approaches where the in vivo follow up of the benefit after treatment is absolutely necessary. Several current therapeutic approaches have demonstrated long-lasting amelioration in respective disease models and show promise for a successful translation to human patients. In this chapter we provide electroretinography protocols of experimental data which may serve as informative features for upcoming gene therapeutic approaches and clinical trials.
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10
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Do MTH. The outer and inner halves of photoreceptor adaptation. J Physiol 2017; 595:3247-3248. [PMID: 28261801 DOI: 10.1113/jp274146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tri H Do
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Centre and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Centre for Life Science 12061, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Ait-Hmyed Hakkari O, Acar N, Savier E, Spinnhirny P, Bennis M, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP, Mendoza J, Hicks D. Rev-Erbα modulates retinal visual processing and behavioral responses to light. FASEB J 2016; 30:3690-3701. [PMID: 27440795 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600414r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is thought to adjust retinal sensitivity to ambient light levels, yet the involvement of specific clock genes is poorly understood. We explored the potential role of the nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (REV-ERBα; or NR1D1) in this respect. In light-evoked behavioral tests, compared with wild-type littermates, Rev-Erbα-/- mice showed enhanced negative masking at low light levels (0.1 lx). Rev-Erbα-/- mouse retinas displayed significantly higher numbers of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs; 62% more compared with wild-type) and more intense melanopsin immunostaining of individual ipRGCs. In agreement with a pivotal role for melanopsin, negative masking at low light intensities was abolished in Rev-Erbα-/- Opn4-/- (melanopsin gene) double-null mice. Rev-Erbα-/- mice showed shortened latencies of both a and b electroretinogram waves, modified scotopic and photopic b-wave and scotopic threshold responses, and increased pupillary constriction, all of which suggested increased light sensitivity. However, wild-type and Rev-Erbα-/- mice displayed no detectable differences by in vivo fundus imaging, retinal histology, or expression of cell type-specific markers for major retinal cell populations. We conclude that REV-ERBα plays a major role in retinal information processing, and we speculate that REV-ERBα and melanopsin set sensitivity levels of the rod-mediated ipRGC pathway to coordinate activity with ambient light.-Ait-Hmyed Hakkari, O., Acar, N., Savier, E., Spinnhirny, P., Bennis, M., Felder-Schmittbuhl, M.-P., Mendoza, J., Hicks, D. Rev-Erbα modulates retinal visual processing and behavioral responses to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouafa Ait-Hmyed Hakkari
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unités Propres de Recherche 3212, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France.,Université Cadi Ayad, Département de Biologie, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Neurobiologie et Comportement, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 6265, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 324, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Elise Savier
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unités Propres de Recherche 3212, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Perrine Spinnhirny
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unités Propres de Recherche 3212, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohammed Bennis
- Université Cadi Ayad, Département de Biologie, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Neurobiologie et Comportement, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Marie-Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unités Propres de Recherche 3212, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jorge Mendoza
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unités Propres de Recherche 3212, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Hicks
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unités Propres de Recherche 3212, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France;
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