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Saggu SK, Nath A, Kumar S. Myxobacteria: biology and bioactive secondary metabolites. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104079. [PMID: 37169232 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Myxobacteria are Gram-negative eubacteria and they thrive in a variety of habitats including soil rich in organic matter, rotting wood, animal dung and marine environment. Myxobacteria are a promising source of new compounds associated with diverse bioactive spectrum and unique mode of action. The genome information of myxobacteria has revealed many orphan biosynthetic pathways indicating that these bacteria can be the source of several novel natural products. In this review, we highlight the biology of myxobacteria with emphasis on their habitat, life cycle, isolation methods and enlist all the bioactive secondary metabolites purified till date and their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaur Saggu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, Punjab, India - 144004.
| | - Amar Nath
- University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab India 151203.
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab India 151203.
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2
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Islam ST, Jolivet NY, Cuzin C, Belgrave AM, My L, Fleuchot B, Faure LM, Mahanta U, Kezzo AA, Saïdi F, Sharma G, Fiche JB, Bratton BP, Herrou J, Nollmann M, Shaevitz JW, Durand E, Mignot T. Unmasking of the von Willebrand A-domain surface adhesin CglB at bacterial focal adhesions mediates myxobacterial gliding motility. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq0619. [PMID: 36812310 PMCID: PMC9946355 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The predatory deltaproteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus uses a helically-trafficked motor at bacterial focal-adhesion (bFA) sites to power gliding motility. Using total internal reflection fluorescence and force microscopies, we identify the von Willebrand A domain-containing outer-membrane (OM) lipoprotein CglB as an essential substratum-coupling adhesin of the gliding transducer (Glt) machinery at bFAs. Biochemical and genetic analyses reveal that CglB localizes to the cell surface independently of the Glt apparatus; once there, it is recruited by the OM module of the gliding machinery, a heteroligomeric complex containing the integral OM β barrels GltA, GltB, and GltH, as well as the OM protein GltC and OM lipoprotein GltK. This Glt OM platform mediates the cell-surface accessibility and retention of CglB by the Glt apparatus. Together, these data suggest that the gliding complex promotes regulated surface exposure of CglB at bFAs, thus explaining the manner by which contractile forces exerted by inner-membrane motors are transduced across the cell envelope to the substratum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim T. Islam
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Y. Jolivet
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Clémence Cuzin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Akeisha M. Belgrave
- Integrated Sciences Program, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA 17101, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Laetitia My
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Betty Fleuchot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Laura M. Faure
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Utkarsha Mahanta
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City, Bengaluru-560100, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana-502284, India
| | - Ahmad A. Kezzo
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Fares Saïdi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City, Bengaluru-560100, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana-502284, India
| | - Jean-Bernard Fiche
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin P. Bratton
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Julien Herrou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marcelo Nollmann
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Joshua W. Shaevitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Eric Durand
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Tâm Mignot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
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3
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Pal S, Sharma G, Subramanian S. Complete genome sequence and identification of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis genes of the myxobacterium Minicystis rosea DSM 24000 T. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:655. [PMID: 34511070 PMCID: PMC8436480 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myxobacteria harbor numerous biosynthetic gene clusters that can produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites. Minicystis rosea DSM 24000T is a soil-dwelling myxobacterium belonging to the suborderSorangiineae and family Polyangiaceae and is known to produce various secondary metabolites as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Here, we use whole-genome sequencing to explore the diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters in M. rosea. Results Using PacBio sequencing technology, we assembled the 16.04 Mbp complete genome of M. rosea DSM 24000T, the largest bacterial genome sequenced to date. About 44% of its coding potential represents paralogous genes predominantly associated with signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and protein folding. These genes are involved in various essential functions such as cellular organization, diverse niche adaptation, and bacterial cooperation, and enable social behavior like gliding motility, sporulation, and predation, typical of myxobacteria. A profusion of eukaryotic-like kinases (353) and an elevated ratio of phosphatases (8.2/1) in M. rosea as compared to other myxobacteria suggest gene duplication as one of the primary modes of genome expansion. About 7.7% of the genes are involved in the biosynthesis of a diverse array of secondary metabolites such as polyketides, terpenes, and bacteriocins. Phylogeny of the genes involved in PUFA biosynthesis (pfa) together with the conserved synteny of the complete pfa gene cluster suggests acquisition via horizontal gene transfer from Actinobacteria. Conclusion Overall, this study describes the complete genome sequence of M. rosea, comparative genomic analysis to explore the putative reasons for its large genome size, and explores the secondary metabolite potential, including the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07955-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpee Pal
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Shrivastava A, Sharma RK. Myxobacteria and their products: current trends and future perspectives in industrial applications. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:483-507. [PMID: 34060028 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myxobacteria belong to a group of bacteria that are known for their well-developed communication system and synchronized or coordinated movement. This typical behavior of myxobacteria is mediated through secondary metabolites. They are capable of producing secondary metabolites belonging to several chemical classes with unique and wide spectrum of bioactivities. It is predominantly significant that myxobacteria specialize in mechanisms of action that are very rare with other producers. Most of the metabolites have been explored for their medical and pharmaceutical values while a lot of them are still unexplored. This review is an attempt to understand the role of potential metabolites produced by myxobacteria in different applications. Different myxobacterial metabolites have demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties along with cytotoxic activity against various cell lines. Beside their metabolites, these myxobacteria have also been discussed for better exploitation and implementation in different industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Shrivastava
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, Jaipur, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, Jaipur, India.
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5
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Whitworth DE, Zwarycz A. A Genomic Survey of Signalling in the Myxococcaceae. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111739. [PMID: 33171896 PMCID: PMC7694542 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As prokaryotes diverge by evolution, essential 'core' genes required for conserved phenotypes are preferentially retained, while inessential 'accessory' genes are lost or diversify. We used the recently expanded number of myxobacterial genome sequences to investigate the conservation of their signalling proteins, focusing on two sister genera (Myxococcus and Corallococcus), and on a species within each genus (Myxococcus xanthus and Corallococcus exiguus). Four new C. exiguus genome sequences are also described here. Despite accessory genes accounting for substantial proportions of each myxobacterial genome, signalling proteins were found to be enriched in the core genome, with two-component system genes almost exclusively so. We also investigated the conservation of signalling proteins in three myxobacterial behaviours. The linear carotenogenesis pathway was entirely conserved, with no gene gain/loss observed. However, the modular fruiting body formation network was found to be evolutionarily plastic, with dispensable components in all modules (including components required for fruiting in the model myxobacterium M. xanthus DK1622). Quorum signalling (QS) is thought to be absent from most myxobacteria, however, they generally appear to be able to produce CAI-I (cholerae autoinducer-1), to sense other QS molecules, and to disrupt the QS of other organisms, potentially important abilities during predation of other prokaryotes.
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Chambers J, Sparks N, Sydney N, Livingstone PG, Cookson AR, Whitworth DE. Comparative Genomics and Pan-Genomics of the Myxococcaceae, including a Description of Five Novel Species: Myxococcus eversor sp. nov., Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis sp. nov., Myxococcus vastator sp. nov., Pyxidicoccus caerfyrddinensis sp. nov., and Pyxidicoccus trucidator sp. nov. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:2289-2302. [PMID: 33022031 PMCID: PMC7846144 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the predatory Myxococcales (myxobacteria) possess large genomes, undergo multicellular development, and produce diverse secondary metabolites, which are being actively prospected for novel drug discovery. To direct such efforts, it is important to understand the relationships between myxobacterial ecology, evolution, taxonomy, and genomic variation. This study investigated the genomes and pan-genomes of organisms within the Myxococcaceae, including the genera Myxococcus and Corallococcus, the most abundant myxobacteria isolated from soils. Previously, ten species of Corallococcus were known, whereas six species of Myxococcus phylogenetically surrounded a third genus (Pyxidicoccus) composed of a single species. Here, we describe draft genome sequences of five novel species within the Myxococcaceae (Myxococcus eversor, Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis, Myxococcus vastator, Pyxidicoccus caerfyrddinensis, and Pyxidicoccus trucidator) and for the Pyxidicoccus type species strain, Pyxidicoccus fallax DSM 14698T. Genomic and physiological comparisons demonstrated clear differences between the five novel species and every other Myxococcus or Pyxidicoccus spp. type strain. Subsequent analyses of type strain genomes showed that both the Corallococcus pan-genome and the combined Myxococcus and Pyxidicoccus (Myxococcus/Pyxidicoccus) pan-genome are large and open, but with clear differences. Genomes of Corallococcus spp. are generally smaller than those of Myxococcus/Pyxidicoccus spp. but have core genomes three times larger. Myxococcus/Pyxidicoccus spp. genomes are more variable in size, with larger and more unique sets of accessory genes than those of Corallococcus species. In both genera, biosynthetic gene clusters are relatively enriched in the shell pan-genomes, implying they grant a greater evolutionary benefit than other shell genes, presumably by conferring selective advantages during predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chambers
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Sparks
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, United Kingdom
| | - Natashia Sydney
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Livingstone
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R Cookson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, United Kingdom
| | - David E Whitworth
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, United Kingdom
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Hug JJ, Dastbaz J, Adam S, Revermann O, Koehnke J, Krug D, Müller R. Biosynthesis of Cittilins, Unusual Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-translationally Modified Peptides from Myxococcus xanthus. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2221-2231. [PMID: 32639716 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cittilins are secondary metabolites from myxobacteria comprised of three l-tyrosines and one l-isoleucine forming a bicyclic tetrapeptide scaffold with biaryl and aryl-oxygen-aryl ether bonds. Here we reveal that cittilins belong to the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) family of natural products, for which only the crocagins have been reported from myxobacteria. A 27 amino acid precursor peptide harbors a C-terminal four amino acid core peptide, which is enzymatically modified and finally exported to yield cittilins. The small biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for cittilin biosynthesis also encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme and a methyltransferase, whereas a gene encoding a prolyl endopeptidase for the cleavage of the precursor peptide is located outside of the cittilin biosynthetic gene cluster. We confirm the roles of the biosynthetic genes responsible for the formation of cittilins using targeted gene inactivation and heterologous expression in Streptomyces ssp. We also report first steps toward the biochemical characterization of the proposed biosynthetic pathway in vitro. An investigation of the cellular uptake properties of cittilin A connected it to a potential biological function as an inhibitor of the prokaryotic carbon storage regulator A (CsrA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim J. Hug
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Dastbaz
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Adam
- Department Structural Biology of Biosynthetic Enzymes, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ole Revermann
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jesko Koehnke
- Department Structural Biology of Biosynthetic Enzymes, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniel Krug
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Islam ST, Vergara Alvarez I, Saïdi F, Guiseppi A, Vinogradov E, Sharma G, Espinosa L, Morrone C, Brasseur G, Guillemot JF, Benarouche A, Bridot JL, Ravicoularamin G, Cagna A, Gauthier C, Singer M, Fierobe HP, Mignot T, Mauriello EMF. Modulation of bacterial multicellularity via spatio-specific polysaccharide secretion. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000728. [PMID: 32516311 PMCID: PMC7310880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multicellularity is a key evolutionary transition allowing for differentiation of physiological functions across a cell population that confers survival benefits; among unicellular bacteria, this can lead to complex developmental behaviors and the formation of higher-order community structures. Herein, we demonstrate that in the social δ-proteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus, the secretion of a novel biosurfactant polysaccharide (BPS) is spatially modulated within communities, mediating swarm migration as well as the formation of multicellular swarm biofilms and fruiting bodies. BPS is a type IV pilus (T4P)-inhibited acidic polymer built of randomly acetylated β-linked tetrasaccharide repeats. Both BPS and exopolysaccharide (EPS) are produced by dedicated Wzx/Wzy-dependent polysaccharide-assembly pathways distinct from that responsible for spore-coat assembly. While EPS is preferentially produced at the lower-density swarm periphery, BPS production is favored in the higher-density swarm interior; this is consistent with the former being known to stimulate T4P retraction needed for community expansion and a function for the latter in promoting initial cell dispersal. Together, these data reveal the central role of secreted polysaccharides in the intricate behaviors coordinating bacterial multicellularity. A study of the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus reveals that the bacteria preferentially secrete specific polysaccharides within distinct zones of a swarm to facilitate spreading across a surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim T. Islam
- Armand Frappier Health & Biotechnology Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (STI); (EMFM)
| | - Israel Vergara Alvarez
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Fares Saïdi
- Armand Frappier Health & Biotechnology Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Annick Guiseppi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Evgeny Vinogradov
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Leon Espinosa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Castrese Morrone
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Gael Brasseur
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Gokulakrishnan Ravicoularamin
- Armand Frappier Health & Biotechnology Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Cagna
- Teclis Scientific, Civrieux d’Azergue, France
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Armand Frappier Health & Biotechnology Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mitchell Singer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Henri-Pierre Fierobe
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Tâm Mignot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Emilia M. F. Mauriello
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (STI); (EMFM)
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9
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Whitfield DL, Sharma G, Smaldone GT, Singer M. Peripheral rods: a specialized developmental cell type in Myxococcus xanthus. Genomics 2019; 112:1588-1597. [PMID: 31605730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In response to nutrient deprivation, the ubiquitous Gram-negative soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus undergoes a well-characterized developmental response, resulting in the formation of a multicellular fruiting body. The center of the fruiting body consists of myxospores; surrounding this structure are rod-shaped peripheral cells. Unlike spores, the peripheral rods are a metabolically active cell type that inhabits nutrient-deprived environments. The survival characteristics exhibited by peripheral rods, protection from oxidative stress and heat shock, are common survival characteristics exhibited by cells in stationary phase including modifications to morphology and metabolism. Vegetative M. xanthus cells undergo a number of physiological changes during the transition into stationary phase similar to other proteobacteria. In M. xanthus, stationary-phase cells are not considered a component of the developmental response and occur when cells are grown on nutrient-rich plates or in dispersed aqueous media. However, this cell type is not routinely studied and little of its physiology is known. Similarities between these two stress-induced cell types led to the question of whether peripheral rods are actually a distinct developmental cell type or simply cells in stationary phase. In this study, we examine the transcriptome of peripheral rods and its relationship to development. This work demonstrates that peripheral rods are in fact a distinct developmentally differentiated cell type. Although peripheral rods and stationary phase cells display similar characteristics, each transcriptomic pattern is unique and quite different from that of any other M. xanthus cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damion L Whitfield
- Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gregory T Smaldone
- Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell Singer
- Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Amiri Moghaddam J, Crüsemann M, Alanjary M, Harms H, Dávila-Céspedes A, Blom J, Poehlein A, Ziemert N, König GM, Schäberle TF. Analysis of the Genome and Metabolome of Marine Myxobacteria Reveals High Potential for Biosynthesis of Novel Specialized Metabolites. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16600. [PMID: 30413766 PMCID: PMC6226438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative genomic/metabolomic analysis is a powerful tool to disclose the potential of microbes for the biosynthesis of novel specialized metabolites. In the group of marine myxobacteria only a limited number of isolated species and sequenced genomes is so far available. However, the few compounds isolated thereof so far show interesting bioactivities and even novel chemical scaffolds; thereby indicating a huge potential for natural product discovery. In this study, all marine myxobacteria with accessible genome data (n = 5), including Haliangium ochraceum DSM 14365, Plesiocystis pacifica DSM 14875, Enhygromyxa salina DSM 15201 and the two newly sequenced species Enhygromyxa salina SWB005 and SWB007, were analyzed. All of these accessible genomes are large (~10 Mb), with a relatively small core genome and many unique coding sequences in each strain. Genome analysis revealed a high variety of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) between the strains and several resistance models and essential core genes indicated the potential to biosynthesize antimicrobial molecules. Polyketides (PKs) and terpenes represented the majority of predicted specialized metabolite BGCs and contributed to the highest share between the strains. BGCs coding for non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs), PK/NRP hybrids and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) were mostly strain specific. These results were in line with the metabolomic analysis, which revealed a high diversity of the chemical features between the strains. Only 6-11% of the metabolome was shared between all the investigated strains, which correlates to the small core genome of these bacteria (13-16% of each genome). In addition, the compound enhygrolide A, known from E. salina SWB005, was detected for the first time and structurally elucidated from Enhygromyxa salina SWB006. The here acquired data corroborate that these microorganisms represent a most promising source for the detection of novel specialized metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Crüsemann
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohammad Alanjary
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Henrik Harms
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Cologne/Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Department of Genomics and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Ziemert
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Till F Schäberle
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Cologne/Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Bioresources of the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany.
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11
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In silico characterization of a novel putative aerotaxis chemosensory system in the myxobacterium, Corallococcus coralloides. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:757. [PMID: 30340510 PMCID: PMC6194562 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An efficient signal transduction system allows a bacterium to sense environmental cues and then to respond positively or negatively to those signals; this process is referred to as taxis. In addition to external cues, the internal metabolic state of any bacterium plays a major role in determining its ability to reside and thrive in its current environment. Similar to external signaling molecules, cytoplasmic signals are also sensed by methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) via diverse ligand binding domains. Myxobacteria are complex soil-dwelling social microbes that can perform a variety of physiologic and metabolic activities ranging from gliding motility, sporulation, biofilm formation, carotenoid and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, predation, and slime secretion. To live such complex lifestyles, they have evolved efficient signal transduction systems with numerous one- and two-component regulatory system along with a large array of chemosensory systems to perceive and integrate both external and internal cues. Results Here we report the in silico characterization of a putative energy taxis cluster, Cc-5, which is present in only one amongst 34 known and sequenced myxobacterial genomes, Corallococcus coralloides. In addition, we propose that this energy taxis cluster is involved in oxygen sensing, suggesting that C. coralloides can sense (either directly or indirectly) and then respond to changing concentrations of molecular oxygen. Conclusions This hypothesis is based on the presence of a unique MCP encoded in this gene cluster that contains two different oxygen-binding sensor domains, PAS and globin. In addition, the two monooxygenases encoded in this cluster may contribute to aerobic respiration via ubiquinone biosynthesis, which is part of the cytochrome bc1 complex. Finally, we suggest that this cluster was acquired from Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria or Cyanobacteria. Overall, this in silico study has identified a potentially innovative and evolved mechanism of energy taxis in only one of the myxobacteria, C. coralloides. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5151-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Bretl DJ, Ladd KM, Atkinson SN, Müller S, Kirby JR. Suppressor mutations reveal an NtrC-like response regulator, NmpR, for modulation of Type-IV Pili-dependent motility in Myxococcus xanthus. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007714. [PMID: 30346960 PMCID: PMC6211767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-component signaling systems (TCS) regulate bacterial responses to environmental signals through the process of protein phosphorylation. Specifically, sensor histidine kinases (SK) recognize signals and propagate the response via phosphorylation of a cognate response regulator (RR) that functions to initiate transcription of specific genes. Signaling within a single TCS is remarkably specific and cross-talk between TCS is limited. However, regulation of the flow of information through complex signaling networks that include closely related TCS remains largely unknown. Additionally, many bacteria utilize multi-component signaling networks which provide additional genetic and biochemical interactions that must be regulated for signaling fidelity, input and output specificity, and phosphorylation kinetics. Here we describe the characterization of an NtrC-like RR that participates in regulation of Type-IV pilus-dependent motility of Myxococcus xanthus and is thus named NmpR, NtrC Modulator of Pili Regulator. A complex multi-component signaling system including NmpR was revealed by suppressor mutations that restored motility to cells lacking PilR, an evolutionarily conserved RR required for expression of pilA encoding the major Type-IV pilus monomer found in many bacterial species. The system contains at least four signaling proteins: a SK with a protoglobin sensor domain (NmpU), a hybrid SK (NmpS), a phospho-sink protein (NmpT), and an NtrC-like RR (NmpR). We demonstrate that ΔpilR bypass suppressor mutations affect regulation of the NmpRSTU multi-component system, such that NmpR activation is capable of restoring expression of pilA in the absence of PilR. Our findings indicate that pilus gene expression in M. xanthus is regulated by an extended network of TCS which interact to refine control of pilus function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Bretl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Kayla M. Ladd
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Samantha N. Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Susanne Müller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - John R. Kirby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
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Sharma G, Burrows LL, Singer M. Diversity and Evolution of Myxobacterial Type IV Pilus Systems. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1630. [PMID: 30072980 PMCID: PMC6060248 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type IV pili (T4P) are surface-exposed protein fibers that play key roles in the bacterial life cycle via surface attachment/adhesion, biofilm formation, motility, and development. The order Myxococcales (myxobacteria) are members of the class Deltaproteobacteria and known for their large genome size and complex social behaviors, including gliding motility, fruiting body formation, biofilm production, and prey hunting. Myxococcus xanthus, the best-characterized member of the order, relies on the appropriate expression of 17 type IVa (T4aP) genes organized in a single cluster plus additional genes (distributed throughout the genome) for social motility and development. Here, we compared T4aP genes organization within the myxobacteria to understand their evolutionary origins and diversity. We found that T4aP genes are organized as large clusters in suborder Cystobacterineae, whereas in other two suborders Sorangiineae and Nannocystineae, these genes are dispersed throughout the genome. Based on the genomic organization, the phylogeny of conserved proteins, and synteny studies among 28 myxobacterial and 66 Proteobacterial genomes, we propose an evolutionary model for the origin of myxobacterial T4aP genes independently from other orders in class Deltaproteobacteria. Considering a major role for T4P, this study further proposes the origins and evolution of social motility in myxobacteria and provides a foundation for understanding how complex-behavioral traits, such as gliding motility, multicellular development, etc., might have evolved in this diverse group of complex organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lori L Burrows
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mitchell Singer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Comparative Genomics of Myxobacterial Chemosensory Systems. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00620-17. [PMID: 29158239 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00620-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory systems (CSS) are among the most complex organizations of proteins functioning cooperatively to regulate bacterial motility and other cellular activities. These systems have been studied extensively in bacteria, and usually, they are present as a single system. Eight CSS, the highest number in bacteria, have been reported in Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 and are involved in coordinating diverse functions. Here, we have explored and compared the CSS in all available genomes of order Myxococcales. Myxococcales members contain 97 to 476 two-component system (TCS) proteins, which assist the bacteria in surviving and adapting to varying environmental conditions. The number of myxobacterial CSS ranges between 1 and 12, with the largest number in family Cystobacteraceae and the smallest in Nannocystaceae CheA protein was used as a phylogenetic marker to infer evolutionary relatedness between different CSS, and six novel CSS ("extra CSS" [ECSS]) were thus identified in the myxobacteria besides the previously reported Che1 to Che8 systems from M. xanthus Che1 to Che8 systems are monophyletic to deltaproteobacteria, whereas the newly identified ECSS form separate clades with different bacterial classes. The comparative modular organization was concordant with the phylogeny. Four clusters lacking CheA proteins were also identified via CheB-based phylogenetic analysis and were categorized as accessory CSS (ACSS). In Archangium, an orphan CSS was identified, in which both CheA and CheB were absent. The novel, accessory, and orphan multimodular CSS identified here suggest the emergence of myxobacterial CSS and could assist in further characterizing their roles.IMPORTANCE This study is focused on chemosensory systems (CSS), which help the bacterium in directing its movement toward or away from chemical gradients. CSS are present as a single system in most of the bacteria except in some groups, including Myxococcus xanthus, which has 8 CSS, the highest number reported to date. This is the first comprehensive study carrying out a comparative analysis of the 22 available myxobacterial genomes, which suggests the evolutionary diversity of these systems. We are interested in understanding the distribution of CSS within all known myxobacteria and their probable evolution.
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Sharma G, Subramanian S. Unravelling the Complete Genome of Archangium gephyra DSM 2261T and Evolutionary Insights into Myxobacterial Chitinases. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 9:1304-1311. [PMID: 28379546 PMCID: PMC5441343 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Family Cystobacteraceae is a group of eubacteria within order Myxococcales and class Deltaproteobacteria that includes more than 20 species belonging to 6 genera, that is, Angiococcus, Archangium, Cystobacter, Hyalangium, Melittangium, and Stigmatella. Earlier these members have been classified based on chitin degrading efficiency such as Cystobacter fuscus and Stigmatella aurantiaca, which are efficient chitin degraders, C. violaceus a partial chitin degrader and Archangium gephyra a chitin nondegrader. Here we report the 12.5 Mbp complete genome of A. gephyra DSM 2261T and compare it with four available genomes within the family Cystobacteraceae. Phylogeny and DNA–DNA hybridization studies reveal that A. gephyra is closest to Angiococcus disciformis, C. violaceus and C. ferrugineus, which are partial chitin degraders of the family Cystobacteraceae. Homology studies reveal the conservation of approximately half of the proteins in these genomes, with about 15% unique proteins in each genome. The total carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZome) analysis reveals the presence of one GH18 chitinase in the A. gephyra genome whereas eight copies are present in C. fuscus and S. aurantiaca. Evolutionary studies of myxobacterial GH18 chitinases reveal that most of them are likely related to Terrabacteria and Proteobacteria whereas the Archangium GH18 homolog shares maximum similarity with those of chitin nondegrading Acidobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Protein Science and Engineering, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Srikrishna Subramanian
- Protein Science and Engineering, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, India
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Complete Genome Sequence of the Fruiting Myxobacterium Melittangium boletus DSM 14713. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/45/e01262-17. [PMID: 29122879 PMCID: PMC5679812 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01262-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The formation of spore-filled fruiting bodies in response to starvation represents a hallmark of many members of the order Myxococcales. Here, we present the complete 9.9-Mb genome of the fruiting type strain Melittangium boletus DSM 14713, the first member of this genus to have its genome sequenced.
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17
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Fruiting Myxobacterium Nannocystis exedens DSM 71. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/43/e01227-17. [PMID: 29074673 PMCID: PMC5658511 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01227-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In response to starvation, members of the order Myxococcales form morphologically very different fruiting bodies. To determine whether fruiting myxobacteria share a common genetic program that leads to fruiting body formation, we sequenced and assembled the genome of Nannocystis exedens DSM 71 as two contigs with a total GC content of 72%.
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Whole-Genome Sequence of the Fruiting Myxobacterium Cystobacter fuscus DSM 52655. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/43/e01196-17. [PMID: 29074667 PMCID: PMC5658505 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01196-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Among myxobacteria, the genus Cystobacter is known not only for fruiting body formation but also for formation of secondary metabolites, such as cystobactamids and cystothiazols. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of the Cystobacter fuscus strain DSM 52655, which comprises 12,349,744 bp and 9,836 putative protein-coding sequences.
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Complete Genome Sequence of the Fruiting Myxobacterium Myxococcus macrosporus Strain DSM 14697, Generated by PacBio Sequencing. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/40/e01127-17. [PMID: 28983009 PMCID: PMC5629066 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01127-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Myxococcales order initiate a developmental program in response to starvation that culminates in formation of spore-filled fruiting bodies. To investigate the genetic basis for fruiting body formation, we present the complete 8.9-Mb genome sequence of Myxococcus macrosporus strain DSM 14697, generated using the PacBio sequencing platform.
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Mahajan S, Khairnar A, Bishnoi R, Ramya T. Microbial F-type lectin domains with affinity for blood group antigens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:708-713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Livingstone PG, Morphew RM, Whitworth DE. Myxobacteria Are Able to Prey Broadly upon Clinically-Relevant Pathogens, Exhibiting a Prey Range Which Cannot Be Explained by Phylogeny. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1593. [PMID: 28878752 PMCID: PMC5572228 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxobacteria are natural predators of microorganisms and the subjects of concerted efforts to identify novel antimicrobial compounds. Myxobacterial predatory activity seems to require more than just the possession of specific antimicrobial metabolites. Thus a holistic approach to studying predation promises novel insights into antimicrobial action. Here, we report the isolation of 113 myxobacteria from samples of soil taken from a range of habitats in mid Wales. Predatory activity of each isolate was quantified against a panel of clinically important prey organisms, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, and three species of Staphylococcus. Myxobacterial isolates exhibited a wide range of predation activity profiles against the panel of prey. Efficient predation of all prey by isolates within the collection was observed, with K. pneumoniae and C. albicans proving particularly susceptible to myxobacterial predation. Notably efficient predators tended to be proficient at predating multiple prey organisms, suggesting they possess gene(s) encoding a broad range killing activity. However, predatory activity was not congruent with phylogeny, suggesting prey range is subject to relatively rapid specialization, potentially involving lateral gene transfer. The broad but patchy prey ranges observed for natural myxobacterial isolates also implies multiple (potentially overlapping) genetic determinants are responsible for dictating predatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Livingstone
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Russell M Morphew
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - David E Whitworth
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
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