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Chen F, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang F, Mao J. P-coumaric Acid: Advances in Pharmacological Research Based on Oxidative Stress. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:416-436. [PMID: 38279744 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266276823231230183519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
P-coumaric acid is an important phenolic compound that is mainly found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and fungi and is also abundant in Chinese herbal medicines. In this review, the pharmacological research progress of p-coumaric acid in recent years was reviewed, with emphasis on its role and mechanism in oxidative stress-related diseases, such as inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and nervous system diseases. Studies have shown that p-coumaric acid has a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of these diseases by inhibiting oxidative stress. In addition, p-coumaric acid also has anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-aging skin and other pharmacological effects. This review will provide reference and inspiration for further research on the pharmacological effects of p-coumaric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Junxiang Wang
- Experimental Center of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fukai Wang
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jinlong Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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2
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Crystal structure of methyl ( E)-3-(4-acetoxyphenyl)acrylate, C 12H 12O 4. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C12H12O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 16.071(6) Å, b = 9.424(4) Å, c = 7.640(3) Å, β = 101.861(5)°, V = 1132.4(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0366, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1043, T = 296(2) K.
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3
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Li N, Guo X, Li R, Zhou J, Yu F, Yan X. p-Coumaric acid regulates macrophage polarization in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion by promoting the expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10971-10981. [PMID: 34738873 PMCID: PMC8810143 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2001924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration is a hallmark pathological change observed in early stage myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and one of the main causes of myocardial damage. Here, we investigated the effects of p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) on macrophage polarization following MI/R injury and its mechanisms. In vitro, p-CA decreases the expression of LPS/IFN-γ-induced M1 macrophage markers (TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS and CCL2) and increases IL-4-induced M2 macrophage markers (IL-10, CD206, Arg1 and Mrc) in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Additionally, p-CA elevated indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) protein expression levels, M2 macrophage polarization and M2 macrophage markers through IL-4. In contrast, repression of IDO attenuated p-CA functions regulating BMDMs through IL-4. In vivo, IDO expression was downregulated in mouse hearts subjected to MI/R injury. Treatment of p-CA increased IDO expression in the hearts of MI/R mice. Functionally, p-CA decreases M1 macrophage markers, the number of M1 macrophages and inflammation around heart tissue following MI/R injury. Importantly, p-CA reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis caused by MI/R. Altogether, our study identified that p-CA modulates macrophage polarization by promoting IDO expression and that p-CA attenuates macrophage-mediated inflammation following MI/R by promoting M2 macrophage polarization through IDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xueyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Health Care, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Xianliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases
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Chun-Mei G, Lu-Yao Y, Lei P, Yuan Y, Xu-Liang N. Crystal structure of methyl ( E)-3-(4-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl) acrylate, C 14H 16O 5. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2020-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C14H16O5, triclinic, P
1
‾
$‾{1}$
(no. 2), a = 8.5293(8) Å, b = 11.5626(11) Å, c = 14.2196(13) Å, α = 88.888(10)°, β = 74.988(10)°, γ = 87.556(10)°, V = 1353.2(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0430, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1202, T = 296(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chun-Mei
- Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control/Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Drug and Medical Device Quality/NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine) , Jiangxi Nanchang 330029 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Lu-Yao
- Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control/Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Drug and Medical Device Quality/NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine) , Jiangxi Nanchang 330029 , P. R. China
| | - Pan Lei
- Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control/Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Drug and Medical Device Quality/NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine) , Jiangxi Nanchang 330029 , P. R. China
| | - You Yuan
- Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control/Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Drug and Medical Device Quality/NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine) , Jiangxi Nanchang 330029 , P. R. China
| | - Nie Xu-Liang
- Department of Chemistry/Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang 330031 , P. R. China
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5
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Liu CP, Liu JX, Gu J, Liu F, Li JH, Bin-Yang, Yuan-Zheng, Jie-Li, Wu SH, Wu QH, Xian-Zhang, Li LM, Yang HL, Wang L, Li X. Combination Effect of Three Main Constituents From Sarcandra glabra Inhibits Oxidative Stress in the Mice Following Acute Lung Injury: A Role of MAPK-NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:580064. [PMID: 33597870 PMCID: PMC7883675 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.580064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acids, coumarins and dicaffeoyl derivatives are considered to be three kinds of the most abundant bioactive components in Sarcandra glabra, an anti-inflammatory herb mainly found in Southern Asia. The combined anti-inflammatory effect of three typical constituents C + R + I (chlorogenic acid + rosmarinic acid + isofraxidin) from this plant has been investigated. The result implies that targeting the MAPK-NF-κB pathway would be one of the major mechanisms involved, using LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells as in vitro model and LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice as in vivo model. C + R + I can significantly suppress the levels of nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibit iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Western blot analysis showed that C + R + I suppressed phosphorylation of NF-κB and MAPK, including phosphorylation of p65-NF-κB, IKB, ERK, JNK and P38. Besides, C + R + I suppressed MPO protein expression, but promoted SOD and HO-1 expression, and the related targets for C, R, and I were also predicted by molecular docking. This indicated that C + R + I could alleviate oxidative stress induced by LPS, which were further verified in the in vivo model of mice with acute lung injury through the measurement of corresponding inflammatory mediators and the analysis of immunehistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ping Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Dongguan and Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Cooperative Academy of Mathematical Engineering for Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Jian-Xing Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangyong Gu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin-Yang
- Guangzhou Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shou-hai Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-he Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long-Mei Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Long Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Zhang W, Jiang ZH, Lu JG, Wang CY, Chen DX, Wang JR, Che KS, Zhong M. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer quantitation of twelve phenolic components in different parts of sarcandra glabra. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_54_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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7
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Yu G, Luo Z, Wang W, Li Y, Zhou Y, Shi Y. Rubus chingii Hu: A Review of the Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:799. [PMID: 31379574 PMCID: PMC6646936 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubus chingii Hu (R. chingii), referred to as "Fu-Pen-Zi" in Chinese, has great medicinal and dietary values since ancient times. The dried fruits of R. chingii have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of kidney enuresis and urinary frequency for centuries. According to current findings, R. chingii has been reported to contain a variety of chemical constituents, mostly triterpenoids, diterpenoids, flavonoids, and organic acids. These compounds have been demonstrated to be the major bioactive components responsible for pharmacological effects such as anticomplementary, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory functions. Therefore, this review focused on the up-to-date published data of the literature about R. chingii and comprehensively summarized its phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and toxicity to provide a beneficial support to its further investigations and applications in medicines and foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Yu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wubin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yihao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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8
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Buathong R, Chamchumroon V, Schinnerl J, Bacher M, Santimaleeworagun W, Kraichak E, Vajrodaya S. Chemovariation and antibacterial activity of extracts and isolated compounds from species of Ixora and Greenea (Ixoroideae, Rubiaceae). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6893. [PMID: 31119085 PMCID: PMC6510216 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of secondary metabolites can be obtained from plants used for traditional medicine in two related genera (Ixora and Greenea) in the subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae), but there are only a few detailed studies on their bioactivities. Therefore, the main goals of this study were to determine the antibacterial activities of lipophilic extracts from plants of some Ixora and Greenea species native to Thailand, and to isolate some pure compounds from those extracts. Moreover, we compared the occurrence of compounds in different plant parts of samples from different habitats to better understand their variation. Methods A total of 56 lipophilic extracts were obtained from the leaves, stem bark, and root bark of eight Ixora and two Greenea species collected at various locations in Thailand. Isolated compounds were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated against four Gram-positive and nine Gram-negative human pathogenic bacterial strains. Results Extracts from I. javanica, I. nigricans, I. brunonis, and G. montana, along with isolated scopoletin, exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 64 to 256 µg/mL. The occurrence of scopoletin, isofraxidin, and geniposidic acid in lipophilic extracts showed some variation among different plant parts and species. Conclusions Lipophilic extracts of Ixora and Greenea species have the potential to be developed as anti-Gram-positive agents, in particular to counter infections of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. The chemical profiles showed differences between floristic regions but similarity within the same plant parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveevatoo Buathong
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Voradol Chamchumroon
- The Forest Herbarium, National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Johann Schinnerl
- Chemodiversity Research Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Bacher
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Wichai Santimaleeworagun
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Phathom, Thailand.,Novel Antibiotic Compound Project by Pharmaceutical Initiative for Resistant Bacteria and Infectious Diseases Working Group (PIRBIG), Silpakorn University, Nakhon Phathom, Thailand
| | - Ekaphan Kraichak
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Srunya Vajrodaya
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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9
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Lin S, Yue X, Ouyang D, Li Q, Yang P. The profiling and identification of chemical components, prototypes and metabolites of Run-zao-zhi-yang capsule in rat plasma, urine and bile by an UPLC-Q-TOF/MS E -based high-throughput strategy. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4261. [PMID: 29644719 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Run-zao-zhi-yang (RZZY) capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is popularly used for the treatment of dermatitis and eczema. However, few studies have been carried out on RZZY and its metabolites. In this study, we developed a three-step strategy to rapidly characterize the chemical constituents and metabolites of RZZY using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 41 chemical components were characterized from RZZY. Among these, there are 11 flavonoids, six alkaloids, six stilbene glycosides, five anthraquinones and 13 other compounds. In addition, 18 prototypes and 35 metabolites were detected in rat plasma, urine and bile. This study offers an applicable approach for high-throughput profiling and identification of chemical components and metabolites derived from traditional Chinese medicine formula in vivo, and also provides essential data for exploring bioactive ingredients and action mechanisms of RZZY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lin
- Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Yue
- Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Danwei Ouyang
- Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Li
- Waters Corporation (China), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiming Yang
- Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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10
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Tsai YC, Chen SH, Lin LC, Fu SL. Anti-inflammatory Principles from Sarcandra glabra. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6497-6505. [PMID: 28110531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai (Chloranthaceae) is a medicinal plant used as herbal tea or food supplement to promote human health. We isolated 14 phenolic compounds from the n-butanol fraction of S. glabra and investigated their anti-inflammatory potential using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. We demonstrated that methyl isorinate, a previously uncharacterized compound in S. glabra, is able to suppress NF-κB activation and reduce the expression of iNOS and COX-2 as well as the phosphorylation of IκB in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the production of two inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), as well as release of reactive oxygen species, in the LPS-stimulated macrophages was also inhibited by this compound. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationships of all of the isolated phenolic compounds present were analyzed. Overall, this study revealed several anti-inflammatory compounds that were present in S. glabra, and the results suggest that these diverse phenolic compounds are associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of S. glabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Chen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare , Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare , Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Fu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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11
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Liu JX, Zhang Y, Hu QP, Li JQ, Liu YT, Wu QG, Wu JG, Lai XP, Zhang ZD, Li X, Li G. Anti-inflammatory effects of rosmarinic acid-4-O-β-D-glucoside in reducing acute lung injury in mice infected with influenza virus. Antiviral Res 2017; 144:34-43. [PMID: 28461072 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid-4-O-β-D-glucoside (RAG) is a dicaffeoyl phenolic compound isolated from Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai. Preliminary studies show that RAG has significant anti-inflammatory properties and can alleviate ear swelling in mice and the paw swelling in rats. Here, the anti-influenza effects of RAG were investigated in mice infected with A/FM/1/47 H1N1 virus. The survival rate and body weight were observed, the lung edema, virus copies, inflammatory cytokines (including IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α and IFN-γ) and oxidative damage indexes (including SOD, MDA, NO, and CAT) were measured. Moreover, immune cell recruitment in alveoli was measured with white blood cells and differential counts. Therapeutic RAG concentrations substantially improve the symptoms, mitigate body weight loss and alleviate lung edema induced by virus, thus improve survival protection effects. Furthermore, RAG was shown to regulate influenza virus-induced inflammatory cytokine expression, specifically by downregulating the Th1 cell cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and upregulating the Th2 cell cytokines IL-4, IL-5. Cell migration and infiltration were also diminished after RAG administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xing Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Hu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ji-Qiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yun-Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qing-Guang Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jian-Guo Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Lai
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zhong-de Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Geng Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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12
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Zhao Y, Liu C, Lai X, Hou S, Zeng X, Li X. Immunomodulatory activities of phlorizin metabolites in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:49-53. [PMID: 28448869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of two new phlorizin metabolites, phloretin 4-O-β-d-glucuronide (1), 6-methoxyl-phloretin-2-O-β-d-glucuronide (2), together with phloretin-2-O-β-d-glucuronide (3) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were determined. 1-3 (1-5μg/ml) significantly inhibited the production of NO (p<0.01). At the concentration of 5μg/ml, 2 and 3 further inhibited iNOS mRNA expression (p<0.01 or 0.05), and 1-3 inhibited iNOS protein expression (p<0.01). Conversely, they all promoted the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α mRNA expression (p<0.01). For IL-10 mRNA, 1 and 3, which are main metabolism forms in rat plasma, obviously promoted its expression (p<0.01), while metabolite 2, which was only detected in rat urine, showed inhibitory activity, but 1-3 alone without LPS stimulation had no effect on the expression of both TNF-α and IL-10 mRNA expression. 1 further inhibited VEGF, CCL2 and CXCL1 mRNA expression at the concentration of 5-25μg/ml (p<0.01). These results indicated phloretin's metabolites with different structural forms showed different immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - ChunPing Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - XiaoPing Lai
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - ShaoZhen Hou
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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