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Huang ZS, Xie DQ, Xu LJ, Huang CS, Zheng M, Chen YJ, Cao Y. Tetramethylpyrazine Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis in Rats via Protecting Blood-Brain Barrier, Impairing Inflammation and Nitrous Oxide Systems. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:562084. [PMID: 33123008 PMCID: PMC7566283 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.562084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the underlying impact of Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), which is the main activity compound of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, on the blood–brain barrier, inflammatory and nitrous oxide systems in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. The SD rats were divided into control group, LPS treatment group, and LPS + TMP treatment group. TMP administered by tail vein injection. The mortality of experimental rats was recorded during the experiment. Rats were sacrificed after 14 days. Peripheral blood was collected and the expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. The integrity of blood-brain barrier was detected by sodium fluorescein staining. Lung and brain tissues were taken to detect the infiltration of immune cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of tight junctions related proteins and oxidative stress-related proteins. The results showed that TMP treatment for 14 days significantly decreased the weight loss and increased the survival rate of the septic rats significantly. TMP decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells and alleviated the sepsis-induced damage in both the lung and brain tissues. The inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were significantly decreased post-TMP treatment. Histopathological analysis with sodium fluorescein staining density showed that TMP had a protective effect on the basal lamina and cerebral cortex. Also, TMP significantly increased expression of the tight junction-related proteins claudin-5 and occludin in the brain tissue and increased the expression of the ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 genes, indicating alleviated the degree of blood–brain barrier destruction. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoblotting confirmed that TMP could inhibit the indicators of the nitrous oxide system, iNOS and eNOS; in addition, TMP significantly decreased the levels of MDA and NO. The findings showed that TMP treatment during sepsis was associated with the protection of the blood–brain barrier and the suppression of inflammatory reactions and the nitrous oxide system. This study reveals a promising protective role of TMP in septic encephalopathy and may suggest a therapeutic approach for fighting the deadly disease of sepsis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Sheng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Da-Qi Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Ninth Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Li-Jun Xu
- Ophthalmology Operating Room, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Chang-Shun Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi-Jun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo Ninth Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Roth S, Dreixler J, Newman NJ. Haemodilution and head-down tilting induce functional injury in the rat optic nerve: A model for peri-operative ischemic optic neuropathy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2019; 35:840-847. [PMID: 29771733 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms of peri-operative ischaemic optic neuropathy remain poorly understood. Both specific pre-operative and intra-operative factors have been examined by retrospective studies, but no animal model currently exists. OBJECTIVES To develop a rodent model of peri-operative ischaemic optic neuropathy. In rats, we performed head-down tilt and/or haemodilution, theorising that the combination damages the optic nerve. DESIGN Animal study. SETTING Laboratory. ANIMALS A total of 36 rats, in four groups, completed the functional examination of retina and optic nerve after the interventions. INTERVENTIONS Anaesthetised groups (n>8) were supine (SUP) for 5 h, head-down tilted 70° for 5 h, head-down tilted/haemodiluted for 5 h or SUP/haemodiluted for 5 h. We measured blood pressure, heart rate, intra-ocular pressure and maintained constant temperature. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Retinal function (electroretinography), scotopic threshold response (STR) (for retinal ganglion cells) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) (for transmission through the optic nerve). We imaged the optic nerve in vivo and evaluated retinal histology, apoptotic cells and glial activation in the optic nerve. Retinal and optic nerve function were followed to 14 and 28 days after experiments. RESULTS At 28 days in head down tilted/haemodiluted rats, negative STR decreased (about 50% amplitude reduction, P = 0.006), VEP wave N2-P3 decreased (70% amplitude reduction, P = 0.01) and P2 latency increased (35%, P = 0.003), optic discs were swollen and glial activation was present in the optic nerve. SUP/haemodiluted rats had decreases in negative STR and increased VEP latency, but no glial activation. CONCLUSION An injury partly resembling human ischaemic optic neuropathy can be produced in rats by combining haemodilution and head-down tilt. Significant functional changes were also present with haemodilution alone. Future studies with this partial optic nerve injury may enable understanding of mechanisms of peri-operative ischaemic optic neuropathy and could help discover preventive or treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Roth
- From the Department of Anesthesiology (SR), Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois (SR), Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (JD), Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology (NJN) and Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (NJN)
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Smart L, Boyd CJ, Claus MA, Bosio E, Hosgood G, Raisis A. Large-Volume Crystalloid Fluid Is Associated with Increased Hyaluronan Shedding and Inflammation in a Canine Hemorrhagic Shock Model. Inflammation 2018; 41:1515-1523. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Margraf A, Herter JM, Kühne K, Stadtmann A, Ermert T, Wenk M, Meersch M, Van Aken H, Zarbock A, Rossaint J. 6% Hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4) diminishes glycocalyx degradation and decreases vascular permeability during systemic and pulmonary inflammation in mice. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2018; 22:111. [PMID: 29716625 PMCID: PMC5930811 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased vascular permeability is a pathophysiological hallmark of sepsis and results in increased transcapillary leakage of plasma fluid, hypovolemia, and interstitial edema formation. 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4) is commonly used to treat hypovolemia to maintain adequate organ perfusion and oxygen delivery. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of 6% HES 130/0.4 on glycocalyx integrity and vascular permeability in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammation and systemic inflammation in mice. Methods 6% HES 130/0.4 or a balanced electrolyte solution (20 ml/kg) was administered intravenously 1 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or LPS inhalation. Sham-treated animals receiving 6% HES 130/0.4 or the electrolyte solution served as controls. The thickness of the endovascular glycocalyx was visualized by intravital microscopy in lung (LPS inhalation model) or cremaster muscle (CLP model). Syndecan-1, hyaluronic acid, and heparanase levels were measured in blood samples. Vascular permeability in the lungs, liver, kidney, and brain was measured by Evans blue extravasation. Results Both CLP induction and LPS inhalation resulted in increased vascular permeability in the lung, liver, kidney, and brain. 6% HES 130/0.4 infusion led to significantly reduced plasma levels of syndecan-1, heparanase, and hyaluronic acid, which was accompanied by a preservation of the glycocalyx thickness in postcapillary venules of the cremaster (0.78 ± 0.09 μm vs. 1.39 ± 0.10 μm) and lung capillaries (0.81 ± 0.09 μm vs. 1.49 ± 0.12 μm). Conclusions These data suggest that 6% HES 130/0.4 exerts protective effects on glycocalyx integrity and attenuates the increase of vascular permeability during systemic inflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s13054-017-1846-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Margraf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan M Herter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Kühne
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anika Stadtmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Ermert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuel Wenk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Meersch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hugo Van Aken
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Hu S, Dai YL, Gao MJ, Wang XN, Wang HB, Dou YQ, Bai XD, Zhou FQ. Pyruvate as a novel carrier of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 may protect kidney in rats subjected to severe burns. J Surg Res 2018; 225:166-174. [PMID: 29605028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carrier of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) may play a critical role in kidney injury in fluid resuscitation. This study aimed mainly to compare effects of pyruvate-enriched saline with normal saline (NS) and acetate Ringer's (AR) solution as a carrier in HES130/0.4 on kidney function in rats subjected to severe burns. METHODS Using a lethal burn model, 140 rats were randomly allocated in seven groups (n = 20): sham group (group S); no fluid after burn (group N); burn resuscitated with NS (group NS); burn resuscitated with pyruvate saline (group PS); burn resuscitated with AR plus pyruvate-HES (group SP); burn resuscitated with AR plus acetate-HES (group SA), and burn resuscitated with AR plus NS-HES (group SN). A low volume (18.75 mL·kg-1 during 12 h) of HES130/0.4 was infused with the ratio of 1:1 to crystalloids. Renal surface blood flow, blood creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, early sensitive indicators of kidney function: alpha-1 microglobulin, cystatin-C, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in blood and urine, and kidney tissue water contents were determined. Renal histopathological alterations with Paller scores were also measured at 8 h and 24 h after burn (n = 10), respectively. RESULTS The results showed in a comparable manner that group SP was the best in three HES groups and group PS was superior to group NS in renal preservation; group SP appeared significantly beneficial compared with group PS in renal surface blood flow, cystatin-C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, water contents, and Paller scores at 8-h or both time points after burn, respectively (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The carrier of HES130/0.4 played a crucial role in kidney injury in fluid resuscitation of rats subjected to severe burns. Pyruvate-enriched HES130/0.4 was superior and HES130/0.4, per se, might be not renocytotoxic, but renoprotective. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Hu
- Laboratory for Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction of Burns Institute, Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury and Repair Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Long Dai
- Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Academy, Langfang, Hebei, China
| | - Ming-Juan Gao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Bin Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Qi Dou
- Department of TCM, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Bai
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China.
| | - Fang-Qiang Zhou
- Shanghai Sandai Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Pudong, Shanghai, China; Newton, Massachusetts.
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Lv G. Association Between Urinary Alpha1-Microglobulin Levels and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017; 72:30-36. [PMID: 29232673 DOI: 10.1159/000484255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to explore the association between urinary alpha1-microglobulin (A1M) levels and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a Chinese population. STUDY We performed a cross-sectional study among 2,215 Chinese who attended their annual health examination at First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University. Urinary A1M-creatinine ratio and other clinical and laboratory parameters were measured. RESULTS A total of 20.9% of subjects fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of NAFLD. NAFLD subjects had significantly higher urinary A1M-creatinine ratios. These levels were positively associated with NAFLD prevalence. The association between A1M-creatinine ratio and NAFLD was independent of hyperglycemia status. Stepwise regression showed that urinary A1M-creatinine ratio was significantly associated with the risk for NAFLD. Urinary A1M-creatinine ratio was an independent factor predicting advanced fibrosis (FIB-4 ≥1.3) in NAFLD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed a significant association between urinary A1M-creatinine ratio and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanwen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guocai Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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