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Kopperi H, Mohan SV. Comparative appraisal of nutrient recovery, bio-crude, and bio-hydrogen production using Coelestrella sp. in a closed-loop biorefinery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:964070. [PMID: 36213054 PMCID: PMC9537770 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.964070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A closed loop algal-biorefinery was designed based on a three-stage integration of dairy wastewater (DWW) treatment, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of defatted algal biomass, and acidogenic process in a semi-synthetic framework. Initially, Coelestrella sp SVMIICT5 was grown in a 5 L photo-bioreactor and scaled up to a 50 L flat-panel photo-bioreactor using DWW. The microalgal growth showed higher photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in a biomass growth of 3.2 g/L of DCW with 87% treatment efficiency. The biomolecular composition showed 26% lipids with a good fatty acid profile (C12-C21) as well as carbohydrate (24.9%) and protein (31.8%) content. In the second stage, the de-oiled algal biomass was valorized via HTL at various temperatures (150°C, 200°, and 250°C) and reaction atmospheres (N2 and H2). Among these, the 250°C (H2) condition showed a 52% bio-crude fraction and an HHV of ∼29.47 MJ/kg (bio-oil) with a saturated hydrocarbon content of 64.3% that could be further upgraded to jet fuels. The energy recovery (73.01%) and elemental enrichment (carbon; 65.67%) were relatively greater in H2 compared to N2 conditions. Finally, dark fermentation of the complex-structured HTL-AF stream resulted in a total bio-H2 production of 231 ml/g of TOC with a 63% treatment efficiency. Life cycle analysis (LCA) was also performed for the mid-point and damage categories to assess the sustainability of the integrated process. Thus, the results of this study demonstrated comprehensive wastewater treatment and valorization of de-oiled algal biomass for chemical/fuel intermediates in the biorefinery context by low-carbon processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harishankar Kopperi
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - S. Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- *Correspondence: S. Venkata Mohan,
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Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15113966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) have been frequently applied to model the growth conditions in photobioreactors, which are affected in a complex way by multiple, interacting physical processes. We review common photobioreactor types and discuss the processes occurring therein as well as how these processes have been considered in previous CFD models. The analysis reveals that CFD models of photobioreactors do often not consider state-of-the-art modeling approaches. As a comprehensive photobioreactor model consists of several sub-models, we review the most relevant models for the simulation of fluid flows, light propagation, heat and mass transfer and growth kinetics as well as state-of-the-art models for turbulence and interphase forces, revealing their strength and deficiencies. In addition, we review the population balance equation, breakage and coalescence models and discretization methods since the predicted bubble size distribution critically depends on them. This comprehensive overview of the available models provides a unique toolbox for generating CFD models of photobioreactors. Directions future research should take are also discussed, mainly consisting of an extensive experimental validation of the single models for specific photobioreactor geometries, as well as more complete and sophisticated integrated models by virtue of the constant increase of the computational capacity.
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Gernigon V, Chekroun MA, Cockx A, Guiraud P, Morchain J. How Mixing and Light Heterogeneity Impact the Overall Growth Rate in Photobioreactors. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gernigon
- University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSALISBP 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Mohammed A. Chekroun
- University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSALISBP 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Arnaud Cockx
- University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSALISBP 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Pascal Guiraud
- University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSALISBP 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Jérôme Morchain
- University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSALISBP 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
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Perin G, Bellan A, Bernardi A, Bezzo F, Morosinotto T. The potential of quantitative models to improve microalgae photosynthetic efficiency. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:380-391. [PMID: 30578540 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The massive increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere driven by human activities is causing huge negative consequences and new sustainable sources of energy, food and materials are highly needed. Algae are unicellular photosynthetic microorganisms that can provide a highly strategic contribution to this challenge as alternative source of biomass to complement crops cultivation. Algae industrial cultures are commonly limited by light availability, and biomass accumulation is strongly dependent on their photon-to-biomass conversion efficiency. Investigation of algae photosynthetic metabolism is thus strategic for the generation of more efficient strains with higher productivity. Algae are cultivated at industrial scale in conditions highly different from the natural niches they adapted to and strains development efforts must fully consider the seminal influence on productivity of regulatory mechanism of photosynthesis as well as of cultivation parameters like cells concentration, light distribution in the culture, mixing, nutrients and carbon dioxide availability. In this review we will focus in particular on how mathematical models can account for the complex influence of all environmental parameters and can be exploited for development of improved algae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Perin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bellan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernardi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9 35131, Padova, Italy
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Fabrizio Bezzo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B 35131, Padova, Italy
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Sello S, Meneghesso A, Alboresi A, Baldan B, Morosinotto T. Plant biodiversity and regulation of photosynthesis in the natural environment. PLANTA 2019; 249:1217-1228. [PMID: 30607502 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-03077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of photosynthesis regulation in different plant groups exposed to variable conditions showed that all species have similar photosynthetic electron transport modulation while excess energy dissipation is species specific. Photosynthesis is regulated in response to dynamic environmental conditions to satisfy plant metabolic demands while also avoiding possible over-excitation of the electron transport chain and the generation of harmful reactive oxygen species. Photosynthetic organisms evolved several mechanisms to modulate light harvesting and electron transport efficiency to respond to conditions changing at different timescales, going from fast sun flecks to slow seasonal variations. These regulatory mechanisms changed during evolution of photosynthetic organisms, also adapting to various ecological niches, making the investigation of plant biodiversity highly valuable to uncover conserved traits and plasticity of photosynthetic regulation and complement studies on model species. In this work, a set of plants belonging to different genera of angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns and lycophytes were investigated by monitoring their photosynthetic parameters in different seasons looking for common trends and differences. In all plants, analysed photosynthetic electron transport rate was found to be modulated by growth light intensity, ensuring a balance between available energy and photochemical capacity. Growth light also influenced the threshold where heat dissipation of excitation energy, a mechanism called non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), was activated. On the contrary, NPQ amplitude did not correlate with light intensity experienced by the plants but was a species-specific feature. The zeaxanthin-dependent component of NPQ, qZ, was found to be the most variable in different plants and its modulation influenced the intensity and the kinetic properties of the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Sello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35121, Padua, Italy
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, 35123, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Meneghesso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Alboresi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35121, Padua, Italy
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, 35123, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Baldan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35121, Padua, Italy
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, 35123, Padua, Italy
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35121, Padua, Italy.
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, 35123, Padua, Italy.
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De-Luca R, Bernardi A, Meneghesso A, Morosinotto T, Bezzo F. Modelling the photosynthetic electron transport chain in Nannochloropsis gaditana via exploitation of absorbance data. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pozzobon V, Perre P. Han’s model parameters for microalgae grown under intermittent illumination: Determined using particle swarm optimization. J Theor Biol 2018; 437:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bernardi A, Nikolaou A, Meneghesso A, Chachuat B, Morosinotto T, Bezzo F. Semi-empirical modeling of microalgae photosynthesis in different acclimation states – Application to N. gaditana. J Biotechnol 2017; 259:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Correction: High-Fidelity Modelling Methodology of Light-Limited Photosynthetic Production in Microalgae. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156922. [PMID: 27257675 PMCID: PMC4892650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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