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Sheng W, Li B, Sun T, Zhu C, Li Y, Xu W. Icariin‑curcumol promotes ferroptosis in prostate cancer cells through Nrf2/HO‑1 signaling. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:232. [PMID: 38628654 PMCID: PMC11019657 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulatory cell death that relies on iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inhibit tumors. The present study aimed to investigate whether icariin-curcumol could be a novel ferroptosis inducer in tumor inhibition. Various concentrations of icariin-curcumol were used to stimulate prostate cell lines (RWPE-2, PC-3, VCAP and DU145). Small interfering negative control (si-NC) and si-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were used to transfect DU145 cells. Cell viability was determined by using cell counting kit-8. Ferroptosis-related factor levels were analyzed using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess the ferrous (Fe2+), glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The ROS fluorescence intensity was assessed using flow cytometry. DU145 cells were most sensitive to icariin-curcumol concentration. The Fe2+ content, ROS fluorescence intensity and MDA level gradually increased, while solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) level, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) level, GSH content, Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) decreased with icariin-curcumol in a dose-dependent manner. After si-Nrf2 was transfected, the cell proliferation ability, SLC7A11 and GPX4 levels declined compared with the si-NC group. In contrast to the control group, the icariin + curcumol group showed reductions in Nrf2 and HO-1 levels, cell proliferation, SLC7A11 and GPX4 levels, with an increase in Fe2+ content and ROS fluorescence intensity. Overexpression of Nrf2 reversed the regulation observed in the icariin + curcumol group. Icariin-curcumol induced ferroptosis in PCa cells, mechanistically by inhibiting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Icariin-curcumol could be used as a new type of ferroptosis inducer to treat PCa effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sheng
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine and Health Care, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Bonan Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
- Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Tiansong Sun
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
- Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Congxu Zhu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
- Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410021, P.R. China
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2
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Peggion S, Najem S, Kolman JP, Reinshagen K, Pagerols Raluy L. Revisiting Neuroblastoma: Nrf2, NF-κB and Phox2B as a Promising Network in Neuroblastoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3193-3208. [PMID: 38666930 PMCID: PMC11048850 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid extracranial tumor during childhood; it displays extraordinary heterogeneous clinical courses, from spontaneous regression to poor outcome in high-risk patients due to aggressive growth, metastasizing, and treatment resistance. Therefore, the identification and detailed analysis of promising tumorigenic molecular mechanisms are inevitable. This review highlights the abnormal regulation of NF-κB, Nrf2, and Phox2B as well as their interactions among each other in neuroblastoma. NF-κB and Nrf2 play a key role in antioxidant responses, anti-inflammatory regulation and tumor chemoresistance. Recent studies revealed a regulation of NF-κB by means of the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) system. On the other hand, Phox2B contributes to the differentiation of immature sympathetic nervous system stem cells: this transcription factor regulates the expression of RET, thereby facilitating cell survival and proliferation. As observed in other tumors, we presume striking interactions between NF-κB, Nrf2, and Phox2B, which might constitute an important crosstalk triangle, whose decompensation may trigger a more aggressive phenotype. Consequently, these transcription factors could be a promising target for novel therapeutic approaches and hence, further investigation on their regulation in neuroblastoma shall be reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laia Pagerols Raluy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Barisione C, Verzola D, Garibaldi S, Altieri P, Furfaro AL, Nitti M, Pratesi G, Palombo D, Ameri P. Indoxyl sulphate-initiated activation of cardiac fibroblasts is modulated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor and nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18192. [PMID: 38506079 PMCID: PMC10951876 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, extensive attention has been paid to the uremic toxin indoxyl sulphate (IS) as an inducer of cardiac fibroblast (cFib) activation and cardiac fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. At cellular level, IS engages aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and regulates many biological functions. We analysed how AhR inhibition by CH-223191 (CH) and overexpression of non-functional (dominant negative, DN) nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a transcription factor recruited by AhR, modulate the response of neonatal mouse (nm) cFib to IS. We also evaluated nm-cardiomyocytes after incubation with the conditioned medium (CM) of IS±CH-treated nm-cFib. IS induced activation, collagen synthesis, TLR4 and-downstream-MCP-1, and the genes encoding angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1r) and neprilysin (Nepr) in nm-cFib. CH antagonized IS-initiated nm-cFib activation, but did not affect or even magnified the other features. IS promoted NRF2 nuclear translocation and expression the NRF2 target Nqo1. Both pre-incubation with CH and transfection of DN-NRF2 resulted in loss of NRF2 nuclear localization. Moreover, DN-NRF2 overexpression led to greater TLR4 and MCP-1 levels following exposure to IS. The CM of IS-primed nm-cFib and to a larger extent the CM of IS+CH-treated nm-cFib upregulated AT1r, Nepr and TNFα and myostatin genes in nm-cardiomyocytes. Hence, IS triggers pro-inflammatory activation of nm-cFib partly via AhR, and AhR-NRF2 counteract it. Strategies other than AhR inhibition are needed to target IS detrimental actions on cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Barisione
- Department of Surgical and Integrated Diagnostic SciencesUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular DepartmentIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenovaItaly
| | - Daniela Verzola
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
| | | | - Paola Altieri
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
| | | | - Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
| | - Giovanni Pratesi
- Department of Surgical and Integrated Diagnostic SciencesUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular DepartmentIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenovaItaly
| | - Domenico Palombo
- Department of Surgical and Integrated Diagnostic SciencesUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular DepartmentIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenovaItaly
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
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Berthenet K, Aïmontché E, El Mrini S, Brière J, Pion N, Iacono I, Brejon S, Monier K, Catez F, Ichim G, Combaret V, Mertani HC, Diaz JJ, Albaret MA. Spatial sequestration of activated-caspase 3 in aggresomes mediates resistance of neuroblastoma cell to bortezomib treatment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3768. [PMID: 38355966 PMCID: PMC10866921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric tumor and is currently treated by several types of therapies including chemotherapies, such as bortezomib treatment. However, resistance to bortezomib is frequently observed by mechanisms that remain to be deciphered. Bortezomib treatment leads to caspase activation and aggresome formation. Using models of patients-derived NB cell lines with different levels of sensitivity to bortezomib, we show that the activated form of caspase 3 accumulates within aggresomes of NB resistant cells leading to an impairment of bortezomib-induced apoptosis and increased cell survival. Our findings unveil a new mechanism of resistance to chemotherapy based on an altered subcellular distribution of the executioner caspase 3. This mechanism could explain the resistance developed in NB patients treated with bortezomib, emphasizing the potential of drugs targeting aggresomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Berthenet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Eliézer Aïmontché
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Sara El Mrini
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Johan Brière
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Pion
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Iacono
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Brejon
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Karine Monier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Catez
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
- Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, 69373, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Valérie Combaret
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Hichem C Mertani
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Diaz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
- Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, 69373, Lyon Cedex 08, France
- DevWeCan Labex Laboratory, 69373, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Marie Alexandra Albaret
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France.
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Lin DW, Hsu YC, Chang CC, Hsieh CC, Lin CL. Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of NRF2 in Kidney Injury and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076053. [PMID: 37047024 PMCID: PMC10094034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox is a constant phenomenon in organisms. From the signaling pathway transduction to the oxidative stress during the inflammation and disease process, all are related to reduction-oxidation (redox). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor targeting many antioxidant genes. In non-stressed conditions, NRF2 maintains the hemostasis of redox with housekeeping work. It expresses constitutively with basal activity, maintained by Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-associated ubiquitination and degradation. When encountering stress, it can be up-regulated by several mechanisms to exert its anti-oxidative ability in diseases or inflammatory processes to protect tissues and organs from further damage. From acute kidney injury to chronic kidney diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy or glomerular disease, many results of studies have suggested that, as a master of regulating redox, NRF2 is a therapeutic option. It was not until the early termination of the clinical phase 3 trial of diabetic nephropathy due to heart failure as an unexpected side effect that we renewed our understanding of NRF2. NRF2 is not just a simple antioxidant capacity but has pleiotropic activities, harmful or helpful, depending on the conditions and backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Martin de Porres Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chien Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Chang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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6
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Ding Q, Pi A, Hao L, Xu T, Zhu Q, Shu L, Yu X, Wang W, Si C, Li S. Genistein Protects against Acetaldehyde-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatocyte Injury in Chronic Alcohol-Fed Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1930-1943. [PMID: 36653166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is one of the most prevalent forms of liver disease in the world. Acetaldehyde, an intermediate product of alcohol catabolism, is a cause of liver injury caused by alcohol. This study was designed to evaluate the protective role and mechanism(s) of genistein against acetaldehyde-induced liver injury in the pathological process of ALD. We found that genistein administration significantly ameliorated alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, injury, and inflammation in mice. Genistein supplementation markedly reversed hepatic oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hepatocellular apoptosis in both alcohol-fed mice liver and acetaldehyde-treated hepatocytes. The mechanistic experiments revealed that the restoration of genistein administration rescued heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) reduction at both transcriptional and protein levels in either alcohol-fed mice liver or acetaldehyde-treated hepatocytes, and the beneficial aspects derived from genistein were abolished in antioxidase heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-deficient hepatocytes. Moreover, we confirmed that genistein administration-restored hepatic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a key transcriptional regulator of HO-1, was involved in the protective role of genistein in ALD. This study demonstrated that genistein ameliorated acetaldehyde-induced oxidative stress and liver injury by restoring the hepatic NRF2-HO-1 signaling pathway in response to chronic alcohol consumption. Therefore, genistein may serve as a potential therapeutic choice for the treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchao Ding
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Pi
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Liuyi Hao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Long Shu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Caijuan Si
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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7
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Hormesis and Oxidative Distress: Pathophysiology of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Open Question of Antioxidant Modulation and Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081613. [PMID: 36009331 PMCID: PMC9405171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of redox homeostasis leads to a condition of resilience known as hormesis that is due to the activation of redox-sensitive pathways stimulating cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Instead, supraphysiological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds antioxidant defence and leads to oxidative distress. This condition induces damage to biomolecules and is responsible or co-responsible for the onset of several chronic pathologies. Thus, a dietary antioxidant supplementation has been proposed in order to prevent aging, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases as well as carcinogenesis. However, this approach has failed to demonstrate efficacy, often leading to harmful side effects, in particular in patients affected by cancer. In this latter case, an approach based on endogenous antioxidant depletion, leading to ROS overproduction, has shown an interesting potential for enhancing susceptibility of patients to anticancer therapies. Therefore, a deep investigation of molecular pathways involved in redox balance is crucial in order to identify new molecular targets useful for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches. The review herein provides an overview of the pathophysiological role of ROS and focuses the attention on positive and negative aspects of antioxidant modulation with the intent to find new insights for a successful clinical application.
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HO-1 Limits the Efficacy of Vemurafenib/PLX4032 in BRAF V600E Mutated Melanoma Cells Adapted to Physiological Normoxia or Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061171. [PMID: 35740068 PMCID: PMC9219655 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) favors immune-escape in BRAFV600 melanoma cells treated with Vemurafenib/PLX4032 under standard cell culture conditions. However, the oxygen tension under standard culture conditions (~18 kPa O2) is significantly higher than the physiological oxygen levels encountered in vivo. In addition, cancer cells in vivo are often modified by hypoxia. In this study, MeOV-1 primary melanoma cells bearing the BRAFV600E mutation, were adapted to either 5 kPa O2 (physiological normoxia) or 1 kPa O2 (hypoxia) and then exposed to 10 μM PLX4032. PLX4032 abolished ERK phosphorylation, reduced Bach1 expression and increased HO-1 levels independent of pericellular O2 tension. Moreover, cell viability was significantly reduced further in cells exposed to PLX4032 plus Tin mesoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor. Notably, our findings provide the first evidence that HO-1 inhibition in combination with PLX4032 under physiological oxygen tension and hypoxia restores and increases the expression of the NK ligands ULBP3 and B7H6 compared to cells exposed to PLX4032 alone. Interestingly, although silencing NRF2 prevented PLX4032 induction of HO-1, other NRF2 targeted genes were unaffected, highlighting a pivotal role of HO-1 in melanoma resistance and immune escape. The present findings may enhance translation and highlight the potential of the HO-1 inhibitors in the therapy of BRAFV600 melanomas.
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Zerfaoui M, Toraih E, Ruiz E, Errami Y, Attia AS, Krzysztof M, Abd Elmageed ZY, Kandil E. Nuclear Localization of BRAF V600E Is Associated with HMOX-1 Upregulation and Aggressive Behavior of Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020311. [PMID: 35053476 PMCID: PMC8773521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite some successes of selective anti-BRAFV600E inhibitors, resistance remains a major challenge. The aim of our study is to determine the role of nuclear BRAFV600E and its newly identified partner, HMOX1, in melanoma aggressiveness and drug resistance. We identified the mechanism by which drug resistance is developed via the nuclear localization of BRAFV600E and its partner HMOX1 in melanoma tissues and cell lines. According to our studies, the outcomes of our manuscript have a direct clinical impact on establishing novel prognostic markers and therapeutic intervention strategies in metastatic melanoma. This study provides new information on the ability to selectively classify patients with cytosolic BRAF for selective BRAF inhibitors and offers an alternative treatment to patients with nuclear BRAFV600E and high HMOX1 expressions. Abstract Background: Previously, we have demonstrated that nuclear BRAFV600E is associated with melanoma aggressiveness and vemurafenib resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms of how nuclear localization of BRAFV600E promotes cell aggressiveness have not yet been investigated. Despite therapeutic advancements targeting cutaneous melanoma, unknown cellular processes prevent effective treatment for this malignancy, prompting an urgent need to identify new biological targets. This study aims to explore the association of inducible heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1) with nuclear BRAFV600E in promoting melanoma aggressiveness. Methods: Proteomics analysis was performed to identify the interacting partner(s) of nuclear BRAFV600E. Immunohistochemistry was applied to evaluate the levels of HMOX-1 and nuclear BRAFV600E expression in melanoma and adjacent healthy tissues. Immunofluorescence assessed the nuclear localization of BRAFV600E in vemurafenib-resistant A375R melanoma cells. Further study of HMOX-1 knockdown or BRAFV600E overexpression in melanoma cells suggested a role for HMOX-1 in the regulation of cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Finally, Western blot analysis was performed to confirm the pathway by which HMOX-1 mediates Akt signaling. Results: Proteomics results showed that HMOX-1 protein expression was 10-fold higher in resistant A375R cells compared to parental counterpart cells. In vitro and in vivo results illustrate that nuclear BRAFV600E promotes HMOX-1 overexpression, whereas HMOX-1 reduction represses melanoma cell proliferation and tumor growth. Mechanistic studies revealed that HMOX-1 was associated with nuclear BRAFV600E localization, thus promoting melanoma proliferation via a persistent activation of the AKT pathway. Conclusions: Our results highlight a previously unknown mechanism in which the nuclear BRAFV600E/HMOX-1/AKT axis plays an essential role in melanoma cell proliferation. Targeting HMOX-1 could be a novel method for treating melanoma patients who develop BRAF inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Zerfaoui
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.T.); (E.R.); (Y.E.); (A.S.A.); (Z.Y.A.E.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eman Toraih
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.T.); (E.R.); (Y.E.); (A.S.A.); (Z.Y.A.E.); (E.K.)
| | - Emmanuelle Ruiz
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.T.); (E.R.); (Y.E.); (A.S.A.); (Z.Y.A.E.); (E.K.)
| | - Youssef Errami
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.T.); (E.R.); (Y.E.); (A.S.A.); (Z.Y.A.E.); (E.K.)
| | - Abdallah S. Attia
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.T.); (E.R.); (Y.E.); (A.S.A.); (Z.Y.A.E.); (E.K.)
| | - Moroz Krzysztof
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.T.); (E.R.); (Y.E.); (A.S.A.); (Z.Y.A.E.); (E.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana, Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Emad Kandil
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.T.); (E.R.); (Y.E.); (A.S.A.); (Z.Y.A.E.); (E.K.)
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刘 龙, 唐 丽, 林 新, 李 雅. [The Role of Nrf2 Pathway Activation in Hippocampal Neuron Injury of Neonatal Rats with Bilirubin Encephalopathy]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2021; 52:960-965. [PMID: 34841762 PMCID: PMC10408819 DOI: 10.12182/20211160502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway activation on hippocampal neuron damage in neonatal rats with bilirubin encephalopathy. METHODS Neonatal rats were randomly assigned to a control group (Control), a model group (Model) and an Nrf2 activator TBHQ (tert-Butylhydroquinone) group (TBHQ), with 20 rats in each group. Bilirubin solution was injected through the cerebellomedullary cistern to establish the neonatal rat model of bilirubin encephalopathy. Neurobehavioral changes were observed in rats and the water content of the brain tissue was measured. Nissl staining was done to observe the damage of hippocampal neurons. TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Colorimetric analysis was done to determine the Caspase-3 activity in the hippocampus. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the hippocampus were examined by chemical analysis. qRT-PCR and Western blot were done to measure the expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-l (HO-1) mRNA and proteins in the hippocampus. RESULTS After injection of bilirubin into the cerebellomedullary cistern, the young rats in the Model group and the TBHQ group showed different degrees of neurological abnormalities, while those in the control group showed no significant neurobehavioral abnormalities. Compared with the Control group, the Model group had severe neuronal damage, and the water content of brain tissue, the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, the activity of Caspase-3 and the content of MDA content significantly increased ( P<0.01), while the SOD activity, GSH content, the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA and proteins significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with the Model group, neuronal damage was improved in the TBHQ group, and the water content of brain tissue, apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, activity of Caspase-3 and MDA content were all significantly reduced ( P<0.01), while SOD activity, GSH content and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA and proteins were significantly increased ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION Activation of the Nrf2 pathway can improve hippocampal neuronal damage in neonatal rats with bilirubin encephalopathy and inhibit neuronal apoptosis and the oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- 龙宾 刘
- 厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院(厦门市妇幼保健院) 新生儿科 (厦门 361003)Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Women and Children’s Hospital of Xiamen University/Xiamen City Women and Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - 丽霞 唐
- 厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院(厦门市妇幼保健院) 新生儿科 (厦门 361003)Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Women and Children’s Hospital of Xiamen University/Xiamen City Women and Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - 新祝 林
- 厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院(厦门市妇幼保健院) 新生儿科 (厦门 361003)Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Women and Children’s Hospital of Xiamen University/Xiamen City Women and Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - 雅丹 李
- 厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院(厦门市妇幼保健院) 新生儿科 (厦门 361003)Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Women and Children’s Hospital of Xiamen University/Xiamen City Women and Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361003, China
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11
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The Role of HO-1 and Its Crosstalk with Oxidative Stress in Cancer Cell Survival. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092401. [PMID: 34572050 PMCID: PMC8471703 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenases (HOs) act on heme degradation to produce carbon monoxide (CO), free iron, ferritin, and biliverdin. Upregulation of cellular HO-1 levels is signature of oxidative stress for its downstream effects particularly under pro-oxidative status. Subcellular traffics of HO-1 to different organelles constitute a network of interactions compromising a variety of effectors such as pro-oxidants, ROS, mitochondrial enzymes, and nucleic transcription factors. Some of the compartmentalized HO-1 have been demonstrated as functioning in the progression of cancer. Emerging data show the multiple roles of HO-1 in tumorigenesis from pathogenesis to the progression to malignancy, metastasis, and even resistance to therapy. However, the role of HO-1 in tumorigenesis has not been systematically addressed. This review describes the crosstalk between HO-1 and oxidative stress, and following redox regulation in the tumorigenesis. HO-1-regulated signaling pathways are also summarized. This review aims to integrate basic information and current progress of HO-1 in cancer research in order to enhance the understandings and facilitate following studies.
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12
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Zhang X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Yang A, Zhang Y, Tong Z, Wang Y, Qiu Y. Wan-Nian-Qing, a Herbal Composite Prescription, Suppresses the Progression of Liver Cancer in Mice by Regulating Immune Response. Front Oncol 2021; 11:696282. [PMID: 34307161 PMCID: PMC8297951 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.696282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wan-Nian-Qing prescription (WNQP), an herbal composite containing Ornithogalum caudatum, has been used in China for several years for cancer treatment. However, the mechanism of its pharmacological action against liver cancer is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the role of WNQP in inhibiting tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma model mice and determine its mechanism of action. We established HepG2- and SMMC-7721-xenografted tumor models in nude mice and BALB/c mice. The mice were administered WNQP for 2 weeks. The bodyweight of each mouse was monitored every day, and the tumor size was measured using vernier caliper before each round of WNQP administration. After the last dose, mice were sacrificed. The tumors were removed, lysed, and subjected to proteome profiling, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blotting. The liver, spleen, and kidney were collected for histopathological examination. The effects of WNQP against liver cancer were first systematically confirmed in HepG2- and SMMC-7721-xenografted nude mice and BALB/c mice models. WNQP inhibited tumor growth, but failed to affect bodyweight and organ structures (liver and spleen), confirming that it was safe to use in mice. In BALB/c mice, WNQP regulated immune function, inferred from the modulation of immune-related cytokines such as interleukins, interferon, tumor necrosis factors, and chemokines. Further results confirmed that this regulation occurred via the regulatory effects of WNQP on Nrf2 signaling. WNQP can inhibit the growth of HepG2- and SMMC-7721-xenografted tumors in nude mice and BALB/c mice. This effect manifests at least partially through immunomodulation mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Anhui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhijun Tong
- R&D Department, Jilin Tianlitai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Baishan, China
| | - Yingwu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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13
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Panieri E, Saso L. Inhibition of the NRF2/KEAP1 Axis: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy to Alter Redox Balance of Cancer Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1428-1483. [PMID: 33403898 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (NRF2/KEAP1) pathway is a crucial and highly conserved defensive system that is required to maintain or restore the intracellular homeostasis in response to oxidative, electrophilic, and other types of stress conditions. The tight control of NRF2 function is maintained by a complex network of biological interactions between positive and negative regulators that ultimately ensure context-specific activation, culminating in the NRF2-driven transcription of cytoprotective genes. Recent Advances: Recent studies indicate that deregulated NRF2 activation is a frequent event in malignant tumors, wherein it is associated with metabolic reprogramming, increased antioxidant capacity, chemoresistance, and poor clinical outcome. On the other hand, the growing interest in the modulation of the cancer cells' redox balance identified NRF2 as an ideal therapeutic target. Critical Issues: For this reason, many efforts have been made to identify potent and selective NRF2 inhibitors that might be used as single agents or adjuvants of anticancer drugs with redox disrupting properties. Despite the lack of specific NRF2 inhibitors still represents a major clinical hurdle, the researchers have exploited alternative strategies to disrupt NRF2 signaling at different levels of its biological activation. Future Directions: Given its dualistic role in tumor initiation and progression, the identification of the appropriate biological context of NRF2 activation and the specific clinicopathological features of patients cohorts wherein its inactivation is expected to have clinical benefits, will represent a major goal in the field of cancer research. In this review, we will briefly describe the structure and function of the NRF2/ KEAP1 system and some of the most promising NRF2 inhibitors, with a particular emphasis on natural compounds and drug repurposing. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1428-1483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer," University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer," University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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14
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Bader S, Wilmers J, Pelzer M, Jendrossek V, Rudner J. Activation of anti-oxidant Keap1/Nrf2 pathway modulates efficacy of dihydroartemisinin-based monotherapy and combinatory therapy with ionizing radiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:44-54. [PMID: 33775773 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of radiotherapy depends not only on DNA damage but also on ROS production, both induced by ionizing radiation. Massive ROS production can induce cell death or activate protective pathways such as Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, which regulates intracellular cysteine availability through upregulation of SLC7A11, a subunit of xCT transporter, and subsequently glutathione synthesis, thus improving antioxidative defense. The anti-malaria drug dihydroartemisinin (DHA) shows anti-neoplastic potential. Previous publications suggested that DHA increased ROS production. We intended to enhance oxidative stress with DHA to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. Therefore, we first analyzed the oxidative response to DHA in HCT116 colorectal and NCI-H460 lung adenocarcinoma cells. In response to DHA, we detected lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, which resulted in mitochondrial damage and eventually in iron-dependent cell death. Concurrently, DHA activated Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in HCT116 cells, leading to increased SLC7A11 expression and glutathione level. In Keap1-mutant NCI-H460 cells, Nrf2 was constantly activated and responsible for high SLC7A11 and glutathione levels. Pancancer analysis revealed that lung cancer is the tumor entity with the most frequent Keap1 alterations. Although NCI-H460 cells reacted more refractory to DHA-induced cell death than HCT116 cells, eradication of clonogenic cells by DHA was more efficient in both cell lines when Keap1/Nrf2 pathway was inhibited. When applied simultaneously, radiotherapy and DHA more efficiently eradicated clonogenic cells than either therapy alone, but treatment schedule can mitigate the combinatory effect in HCT116 cells. In summary, DHA improved efficacy of radiotherapy, but treatment schedule must be considered with care especially in Keap1-wildtype cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Bader
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Wilmers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Pelzer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Justine Rudner
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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15
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Nitti M, Ivaldo C, Traverso N, Furfaro AL. Clinical Significance of Heme Oxygenase 1 in Tumor Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050789. [PMID: 34067625 PMCID: PMC8155918 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) plays a key role in cell adaptation to stressors through the antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties of its metabolic products. For these reasons, in cancer cells, HO-1 can favor aggressiveness and resistance to therapies, leading to poor prognosis/outcome. Genetic polymorphisms of HO-1 promoter have been associated with an increased risk of cancer progression and a high degree of therapy failure. Moreover, evidence from cancer biopsies highlights the possible correlation between HO-1 expression, pathological features, and clinical outcome. Indeed, high levels of HO-1 in tumor specimens often correlate with reduced survival rates. Furthermore, HO-1 modulation has been proposed in order to improve the efficacy of antitumor therapies. However, contrasting evidence on the role of HO-1 in tumor biology has been reported. This review focuses on the role of HO-1 as a promising biomarker of cancer progression; understanding the correlation between HO-1 and clinical data might guide the therapeutic choice and improve the outcome of patients in terms of prognosis and life quality.
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16
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Telkoparan-Akillilar P, Panieri E, Cevik D, Suzen S, Saso L. Therapeutic Targeting of the NRF2 Signaling Pathway in Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:1417. [PMID: 33808001 PMCID: PMC7961421 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases with an increasing incidence and mortality all over the world. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel therapies targeting major cancer-related pathways. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its major negative modulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) are main players of the cellular defense mechanisms against internal and external cell stressors. However, NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway is dysregulated in various cancers, thus promoting tumor cell survival and metastasis. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms of normal and deregulated NRF2 signaling pathway focusing on its cancer-related functions. We further explore activators and inhibitors of this pathway as cancer targeting drug candidates in order to provide an extensive background on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Telkoparan-Akillilar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, 06520 Ankara, Turkey; (P.T.-A.); (D.C.)
| | - Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Dilek Cevik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, 06520 Ankara, Turkey; (P.T.-A.); (D.C.)
| | - Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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17
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Smolková K, Mikó E, Kovács T, Leguina-Ruzzi A, Sipos A, Bai P. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Regulating Cancer Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:966-997. [PMID: 31989830 PMCID: PMC7533893 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (NFE2L2, or NRF2) is a transcription factor predominantly affecting the expression of antioxidant genes. NRF2 plays a significant role in the control of redox balance, which is crucial in cancer cells. NRF2 activation regulates numerous cancer hallmarks, including metabolism, cancer stem cell characteristics, tumor aggressiveness, invasion, and metastasis formation. We review the molecular characteristics of the NRF2 pathway and discuss its interactions with the cancer hallmarks previously listed. Recent Advances: The noncanonical activation of NRF2 was recently discovered, and members of this pathway are involved in carcinogenesis. Further, cancer-related changes (e.g., metabolic flexibility) that support cancer progression were found to be redox- and NRF2 dependent. Critical Issues: NRF2 undergoes Janus-faced behavior in cancers. The pro- or antineoplastic effects of NRF2 are context dependent and essentially based on the specific molecular characteristics of the cancer in question. Therefore, systematic investigation of NRF2 signaling is necessary to clarify its role in cancer etiology. The biggest challenge in the NRF2 field is to determine which cancers can be targeted for better clinical outcomes. Further, large-scale genomic and transcriptomic studies are missing to correlate the clinical outcome with the activity of the NRF2 system. Future Directions: To exploit NRF2 in a clinical setting in the future, the druggable members of the NRF2 pathway should be identified. In addition, it will be important to study how the modulation of the NRF2 system interferes with cytostatic drugs and their combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Smolková
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alberto Leguina-Ruzzi
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary.,Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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18
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Abstract
Covering: up to 2020The transcription factor NRF2 is one of the body's major defense mechanisms, driving transcription of >300 antioxidant response element (ARE)-regulated genes that are involved in many critical cellular processes including redox regulation, proteostasis, xenobiotic detoxification, and primary metabolism. The transcription factor NRF2 and natural products have an intimately entwined history, as the discovery of NRF2 and much of its rich biology were revealed using natural products both intentionally and unintentionally. In addition, in the last decade a more sinister aspect of NRF2 biology has been revealed. NRF2 is normally present at very low cellular levels and only activated when needed, however, it has been recently revealed that chronic, high levels of NRF2 can lead to diseases such as diabetes and cancer, and may play a role in other diseases. Again, this "dark side" of NRF2 was revealed and studied largely using a natural product, the quassinoid, brusatol. In the present review, we provide an overview of NRF2 structure and function to orient the general reader, we will discuss the history of NRF2 and NRF2-activating compounds and the biology these have revealed, and we will delve into the dark side of NRF2 and contemporary issues related to the dark side biology and the role of natural products in dissecting this biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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19
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Heme Oxygenase-1 in Central Nervous System Malignancies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051562. [PMID: 32455831 PMCID: PMC7290325 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system tumors are the most common pediatric solid tumors and account for 20–25% of all childhood malignancies. Several lines of evidence suggest that brain tumors show altered redox homeostasis that triggers the activation of various survival pathways, leading to disease progression and chemoresistance. Among these pathways, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays an important role. HO-1 catalyzes the enzymatic degradation of heme with the simultaneous release of carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron (Fe2+), and biliverdin. The biological effects of HO-1 in tumor cells have been shown to be cell-specific since, in some tumors, its upregulation promotes cell cycle arrest and cellular death, whereas, in other neoplasms, it is associated with tumor survival and progression. This review focuses on the role of HO-1 in central nervous system malignancies and the possibility of exploiting such a target to improve the outcome of well-established therapeutic regimens. Finally, several studies show that HO-1 overexpression is involved in the development and resistance of brain tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, suggesting the use of HO-1 as an innovative therapeutic target to overcome drug resistance. The following keywords were used to search the literature related to this topic: nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2, heme oxygenase, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, meningioma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma multiforme, and gliomas.
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20
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Potential Applications of NRF2 Modulators in Cancer Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030193. [PMID: 32106613 PMCID: PMC7139512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) regulatory pathway plays an essential role in protecting cells and tissues from oxidative, electrophilic, and xenobiotic stress. By controlling the transactivation of over 500 cytoprotective genes, the NRF2 transcription factor has been implicated in the physiopathology of several human diseases, including cancer. In this respect, accumulating evidence indicates that NRF2 can act as a double-edged sword, being able to mediate tumor suppressive or pro-oncogenic functions, depending on the specific biological context of its activation. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms that control NRF2 functions and the most appropriate context of its activation is a prerequisite for the development of effective therapeutic strategies based on NRF2 modulation. In line of principle, the controlled activation of NRF2 might reduce the risk of cancer initiation and development in normal cells by scavenging reactive-oxygen species (ROS) and by preventing genomic instability through decreased DNA damage. In contrast however, already transformed cells with constitutive or prolonged activation of NRF2 signaling might represent a major clinical hurdle and exhibit an aggressive phenotype characterized by therapy resistance and unfavorable prognosis, requiring the use of NRF2 inhibitors. In this review, we will focus on the dual roles of the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway in cancer promotion and inhibition, describing the mechanisms of its activation and potential therapeutic strategies based on the use of context-specific modulation of NRF2.
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21
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Non-competitive heme oxygenase-1 activity inhibitor reduces non-small cell lung cancer glutathione content and regulates cell proliferation. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1949-1964. [PMID: 32056044 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related death mainly due to its high metastatic rate. Impairment of redox homeostasis mechanisms has been previously described in NSCLC and is associated with the disease itself as well as with comorbidities such as smoking. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of selective and non-competitive inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on cancer redox homeostasis with particular regards to glutathione (GSH) metabolism related enzymes. NSCLC cell line (A549) was treated with the HO-1 activity inhibitor VP13/47 (10 µM) and we further evaluated cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Our results showed that VP13/47 significantly reduced HO-1 expression and total HO activity thus, resulting in a significant reduction of cell viability, proliferation and increased apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Consistently with increased oxidative stress, we also showed that reduced GSH was significantly decreased and such effect was also accompanied by a significant downregulation of the enzymes involved in its biosynthesis. Taken all together our results show that selective HO-1 inhibition significantly impairs NSCLC progression and may represent a possible pharmacological strategy for new chemotherapy agents.
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22
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Nitti M, Furfaro AL, Mann GE. Heme Oxygenase Dependent Bilirubin Generation in Vascular Cells: A Role in Preventing Endothelial Dysfunction in Local Tissue Microenvironment? Front Physiol 2020; 11:23. [PMID: 32082188 PMCID: PMC7000760 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among antioxidants in the human body, bilirubin has been recognized over the past 20 years to afford protection against different chronic conditions, including inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Moderate increases in plasma concentration and cellular bilirubin generation from metabolism of heme via heme oxygenase (HMOX) in virtually all tissues can modulate endothelial and vascular function and exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles. This review aims to provide an up-to-date and critical overview of the molecular mechanisms by which bilirubin derived from plasma or from HMOX1 activation in vascular cells affects endothelial function. Understanding the molecular actions of bilirubin may critically improve the management not only of key cardiovascular diseases, but also provide insights into a broad spectrum of pathologies driven by endothelial dysfunction. In this context, therapeutic interventions aimed at mildly increasing serum bilirubin as well as bilirubin generated endogenously by endothelial HMOX1 should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Furfaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lee YS, Kalimuthu K, Seok Park Y, Makala H, Watkins SC, Choudry MHA, Bartlett DL, Tae Kwon Y, Lee YJ. Ferroptotic agent-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress response plays a pivotal role in the autophagic process outcome. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6767-6778. [PMID: 31985039 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis has been reported as a unique form of cell death. However, in recent years, researchers have increasingly challenged the uniqueness of ferroptosis compared to other types of cell death. In this study, we examined whether ferroptosis shares cell death pathways with other types of cell death, especially autophagy, via the autophagic process. Here, we observed that ferroptosis inducers (artesunate [ART] and erastin [ERA]) and autophagy inducers (bortezomib [BOR] and XIE62-1004) led to autophagosome formation via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Unlike XIE62-1004, ART, ERA, and BOR, which affect glutathione production or utilization, induced oxidative stress responses-an increase in the levels of heme oxygenase-1 and lipid peroxidation. Oxidative stress responses were attenuated by deletion of autophagy-related gene-5 or treatment with autophagy inhibitors (bafilomycin and chloroquine). Our studies provide an overview of common death pathways-the ER stress response-associated autophagic process in ferroptosis and autophagy. We also highlight the role played by glutathione redox system in the outcome of the autophagic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kalishwaralal Kalimuthu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yong Seok Park
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hima Makala
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - M Haroon A Choudry
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong J Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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24
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Kanlaya R, Thongboonkerd V. Molecular Mechanisms of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate for Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Fibrosis: Preclinical Evidence. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz101. [PMID: 31555758 PMCID: PMC6752729 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common public health problem worldwide characterized by gradual decline of renal function over months/years accompanied by renal fibrosis and failure in tissue wound healing after sustained injury. Patients with CKD frequently present with profound signs/symptoms that require medical treatment, mostly culminating in hemodialysis and renal transplantation. To prevent CKD more efficiently, there is an urgent need for better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and molecular pathways of the disease pathogenesis and progression, and for developing novel therapeutic targets. Recently, several lines of evidence have shown that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an abundant phytochemical polyphenol derived from Camellia sinensis, might be a promising bioactive compound for prevention of CKD development/progression. This review summarizes current knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying renoprotective roles of EGCG in CKD based on available preclinical evidence (from both in vitro and in vivo animal studies), particularly its antioxidant property through preservation of mitochondrial function and activation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)/HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) signaling, anti-inflammatory activity, and protective effect against epithelial mesenchymal transition. Finally, future perspectives, challenges, and concerns regarding its clinical use in CKD and renal fibrosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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25
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Furfaro AL, Ottonello S, Loi G, Cossu I, Piras S, Spagnolo F, Queirolo P, Marinari UM, Moretta L, Pronzato MA, Mingari MC, Pietra G, Nitti M. HO-1 downregulation favors BRAF V600 melanoma cell death induced by Vemurafenib/PLX4032 and increases NK recognition. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1950-1962. [PMID: 31376303 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) plays a pivotal role in preventing cell damage. Indeed, through the antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of its metabolic products, it favors cell adaptation against different stressors. However, HO-1 induction has also been related to the gain of resistance to therapy in different types of cancers and its involvement in cancer immune-escape has been hypothesized. We have investigated the role of HO-1 expression in Vemurafenib-treated BRAFV600 melanoma cells in modulating their susceptibility to NK cell-mediated recognition. Different cell lines, isolated in house from melanoma patients, have been exposed to 1-10 μM PLX4032, which efficiently reduced ERK phosphorylation. In three lines, Vemurafenib was able to induce only a limited decrease in cell viability, while HO-1 expression was upregulated. HO-1 silencing/inhibition was able to induce a further significant reduction of Vemurafenib-treated melanoma viability. Moreover, while NK cell degranulation and killing activity were decreased upon interaction with melanoma exposed to Vemurafenib, HO-1 silencing was able to completely restore NK cell ability to degranulate and kill. Furthermore, melanoma cell treatment with Vemurafenib downregulated the expression of ligands of NKp30 and NKG2D activating receptors, and HO-1 silencing/inhibition was able to restore their expression. Our results indicate that HO-1 downregulation can both improve the efficacy of Vemurafenib on melanoma cells and favor melanoma susceptibility to NK cell-mediated recognition and killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Furfaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Selene Ottonello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,UOC Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,CEBR, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Loi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Cossu
- UOC Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Piras
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Spagnolo
- UO Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Queirolo
- UO Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria A Pronzato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria C Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,UOC Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,CEBR, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,UOC Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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26
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Ye Z, Manevich Y, Ball LE, Bethard JR, Jiang YL, Broome AM, Dalton AC, Wang GY, Townsend DM, Tew KD. Isoflavone ME-344 Disrupts Redox Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function by Targeting Heme Oxygenase 1. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4072-4085. [PMID: 31227482 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ME-344 is a second-generation isoflavone with unusual cytotoxic properties that is in clinical testing in cancer. To identify targets that contribute to its anticancer activity and therapeutic index, we used lung cancer cell lines that are naturally sensitive or resistant to ME-344. Drug-induced apoptosis was linked with enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species and this initiated a nuclear erythroid factor 2-like 2 signaling response, downstream of which, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) was also found to be time-dependently inhibited by ME-344. ME-344 specifically bound to, and altered, HO-1 structure and increased HO-1 translocation from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria, but only in drug-sensitive cells. These effects did not occur in either drug-resistant or primary lung fibroblasts with lower HO-1 basal levels. HO-1 was confirmed as a drug target by using surface plasmon resonance technology and through interaction with a clickable ME-344 compound (M2F) and subsequent proteomic analyses, showing direct binding of ME-344 with HO-1. Proteomic analysis showed that clusters of mitochondrial proteins, including voltage-dependent anion-selective channels, were also impacted by ME-344. Human lung cancer biopsies expressed higher levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 compared with normal tissues. Overall, our data show that ME-344 inhibits HO-1 and impacts its mitochondrial translocation. Other mitochondrial proteins are also affected, resulting in interference in tumor cell redox homeostasis and mitochondrial function. These factors contribute to a beneficial therapeutic index and support continued clinical development of ME-344. SIGNIFICANCE: A novel cytotoxic isoflavone is shown to inhibit heme oxygenase, a desirable yet elusive target that disrupts redox homeostasis causing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zhiwei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yefim Manevich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lauren E Ball
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jennifer R Bethard
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yu-Lin Jiang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ann-Marie Broome
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Annamarie C Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gavin Y Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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27
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Wu MS, Chien CC, Chang J, Chen YC. Pro-apoptotic effect of haem oxygenase-1 in human colorectal carcinoma cells via endoplasmic reticular stress. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5692-5704. [PMID: 31199053 PMCID: PMC6653387 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several biological effects of haem oxygenase (HO)‐1, including anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antioxidative properties were reported; however, the role of HO‐1 in apoptosis is still unclear. In the presence of stimulation by cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), an HO‐1 inducer, apoptotic characteristics were observed, including DNA laddering, hypodiploid cells, and cleavages of caspase (Casp)‐3 and poly(ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) proteins in human colon carcinoma COLO205, HCT‐15, LOVO and HT‐29 cells in serum‐free (SF) conditions with increased HO‐1, but not heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) or HSP90. The addition of 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) or 1% bovine serum albumin accordingly inhibited CoPP‐induced apoptosis and HO‐1 protein expression in human colon cancer cells. CoPP‐induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells was prevented by the addition of the pan‐caspase inhibitor, Z‐VAD‐FMK (VAD), and the Casp‐3 inhibitor, Z‐DEVD‐FMK (DEVD). N‐Acetyl cysteine inhibited reactive oxygen species‐generated H2O2‐induced cell death with reduced intracellular peroxide production, but did not affect CoPP‐induced apoptosis in human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. Two CoPP analogs, ferric protoporphyrin and tin protoporphyrin, did not affect the viability of human CRC cells or HO‐1 expression by those cells, and knockdown of HO‐1 protein expression by HO‐1 small interfering (si)RNA reversed the cytotoxic effect elicited by CoPP. Furthermore, the carbon monoxide (CO) donor, CORM, but not FeSO4 or biliverdin, induced DNA ladders, and cleavage of Casp‐3 and PARP proteins in human CRC cells. Increased phosphorylated levels of the endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress proteins, protein kinase R‐like ER kinase (PERK), and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) by CORM and CoPP were identified, and the addition of the PERK inhibitor, GSK2606414, inhibited CORM‐ and CoPP‐induced apoptosis. Increased GRP78 level and formation of the HO‐1/GRP78 complex were detected in CORM‐ and CoPP‐treated human CRC cells. A pro‐apoptotic role of HO‐1 against the viability of human CRC cells via induction of CO and ER stress was firstly demonstrated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shun Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chien
- Department of Nephrology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jungshan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Research Center and Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Potential Applications of NRF2 Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8592348. [PMID: 31097977 PMCID: PMC6487091 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8592348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NRF2/KEAP1 pathway represents one of the most important cell defense mechanisms against exogenous or endogenous stressors. Indeed, by increasing the expression of several cytoprotective genes, the transcription factor NRF2 can shelter cells and tissues from multiple sources of damage including xenobiotic, electrophilic, metabolic, and oxidative stress. Importantly, the aberrant activation or accumulation of NRF2, a common event in many tumors, confers a selective advantage to cancer cells and is associated to malignant progression, therapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Hence, in the last years, NRF2 has emerged as a promising target in cancer treatment and many efforts have been made to identify therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting its prooncogenic role. By summarizing the results from past and recent studies, in this review, we provide an overview concerning the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway, its biological impact in solid and hematologic malignancies, and the molecular mechanisms causing NRF2 hyperactivation in cancer cells. Finally, we also describe some of the most promising therapeutic approaches that have been successfully employed to counteract NRF2 activity in tumors, with a particular emphasis on the development of natural compounds and the adoption of drug repurposing strategies.
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29
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Hu R, Jia WY, Xu SF, Zhu ZW, Xiao Z, Yu SY, Li J. Xiaochaihutang Inhibits the Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cell Line T6 Through the Nrf2 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1516. [PMID: 30666206 PMCID: PMC6330344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Xiaochaihutang (XCHT) is one of classic prescriptions in Treatise on Febrile Diseases in China which was reported to have the effect of anti-hepatic fibrosis in vivo. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is now well established as a central driver of fibrosis in liver injury. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important element for anti-oxidative damage which is one of the key factors responsible for occurrence. This study was to investigate the effect of XCHT compound serum on HSCs activation and focus on the Nrf2 pathway. Rats in treatment groups were given the appropriate doses of XCHT granules (5 g/kg) and Silybin (50 mg/kg) for 6 days, and the serum were obtained. The compound serum was used to intervene HSCs. The results found that XCHT compound serum significantly inhibited the proliferation of HSCT6 cells. The number of α-SMA positive stained cells in HSCT6 cells and the content of Collagen type I (collagen-I) in supernatant were significantly decreased indicating suppression of activated HSCs. Compared with the control group, the nuclear transcription of Nrf2 and the expressions of Nqo1, GCLC, and GCLM were significantly increased in XCHT group. However, the effects of XCHT were inhibited in Nrf2-siRNA transfected HSCT6 cells. These studies demonstrated that XCHT could inhibit HSCT6 cell proliferation and activation. The mechanism might be related to up-regulation of the Nrf2 pathway against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wei-Yi Jia
- Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shang-Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhu
- Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shou-Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jin Li
- Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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30
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Chatterjee P, Yadav M, Chauhan N, Huang Y, Luo Y. Cancer Cell Metabolism Featuring Nrf2. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2018; 17:263-271. [PMID: 30207221 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180911092443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the major role of Nrf2 has long been established as a transcription factor for providing cellular protection against oxidative stress, multiple pieces of research and reviews now claim exactly the opposite. The dilemma - "to activate or inhibit" the protein requires an immediate answer, which evidently links cellular metabolism to the causes and purpose of cancer. Profusely growing cancerous cells have prolific energy requirements, which can only be fulfilled by modulating cellular metabolism. This review highlights the cause and effect of Nrf2 modulation in cancer that in turn channelize cellular metabolism, thereby fulfilling the energy requirements of cancer cells. The present work also highlights the purpose of genetic mutations in Nrf2, in relation to cellular metabolism in cancer cells, thus pointing out a newer approach where parallel mutations may be the key factor to decide whether to activate or inhibit Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Softvision College, Indore, MP 452010, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Mukesh Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Softvision College, Indore, MP 452010, India
| | - Namrata Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Softvision College, Indore, MP 452010, India
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
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31
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Piras S, Furfaro AL, Caggiano R, Brondolo L, Garibaldi S, Ivaldo C, Marinari UM, Pronzato MA, Faraonio R, Nitti M. microRNA-494 Favors HO-1 Expression in Neuroblastoma Cells Exposed to Oxidative Stress in a Bach1-Independent Way. Front Oncol 2018; 8:199. [PMID: 29951371 PMCID: PMC6008388 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is crucially involved in cell adaptation to oxidative stress and has been demonstrated to play an important role in cancer progression and resistance to therapies. We recently highlighted that undifferentiated neuroblastoma (NB) cells are prone to counteract oxidative stress through the induction of HO-1. Conversely, differentiated NB cells were more sensitive to oxidative stress since HO-1 was scarcely upregulated. In this work, we investigated the role played by miR-494, which has been proved to be involved in cancer biology and in the modulation of oxidative stress, in the upregulation of HO-1. We showed that NB differentiation downregulates miR-494 level. In addition, endogenous miR-494 inhibition in undifferentiated cells impairs HO-1 induction in response to exposure to 500 µM H2O2, reducing the number of viable cells. The analysis of Bach1 expression did not reveal any significant modifications in any experimental conditions tested, proving that the impairment of HO-1 induction observed in cells treated with miR-494 inhibitor and exposed to H2O2 is independent from Bach1. Our results underline the role played by miR-494 in favoring HO-1 induction and cell adaptation to oxidative stress and contribute to the discovery of new potential pharmacological targets to improve anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Piras
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna L Furfaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rocco Caggiano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brondolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvano Garibaldi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Caterina Ivaldo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Maria A Pronzato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Faraonio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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32
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Heme Oxygenase Inhibition Sensitizes Neuroblastoma Cells to Carfilzomib. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1451-1460. [PMID: 29948946 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonic malignancy affecting the physiological development of adrenal medulla and paravertebral sympathetic ganglia in early infancy. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) (i.e., carfilzomib (CFZ)) may represent a possible pharmacological treatment for solid tumors including NB. In the present study, we tested the effect of a novel non-competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), LS1/71, as a possible adjuvant therapy for the efficacy of CFZ in neuroblastoma cells. Our results showed that CFZ increased both HO-1 gene expression (about 18-fold) and HO activity (about 8-fold), following activation of the ER stress pathway. The involvement of HO-1 in CFZ-mediated cytotoxicity was further confirmed by the protective effect of pharmacological induction of HO-1, significantly attenuating cytotoxicity. In addition, HO-1 selective inhibition by a specific siRNA increased the cytotoxic effect following CFZ treatment in NB whereas SnMP, a competitive pharmacological inhibitor of HO, showed no changes in cytotoxicity. Our data suggest that treatment with CFZ produces ER stress in NB without activation of CHOP-mediated apoptosis, whereas co-treatment with CFZ and LS1/71 led to apoptosis activation and CHOP expression induction. In conclusion, our study showed that treatment with the non-competitive inhibitor of HO-1, LS1 / 71, increased cytotoxicity mediated by CFZ, triggering apoptosis following ER stress activation. These results suggest that PIs may represent a possible pharmacological treatment for solid tumors and that HO-1 inhibition may represent a possible strategy to overcome chemoresistance and increase the efficacy of chemotherapic regimens.
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33
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Koppula P, Zhang Y, Zhuang L, Gan B. Amino acid transporter SLC7A11/xCT at the crossroads of regulating redox homeostasis and nutrient dependency of cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:12. [PMID: 29764521 PMCID: PMC5993148 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells often upregulate nutrient transporters to fulfill their increased biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs, and to maintain redox homeostasis. One nutrient transporter frequently overexpressed in human cancers is the cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11; also known as xCT). SLC7A11 promotes cystine uptake and glutathione biosynthesis, resulting in protection from oxidative stress and ferroptotic cell death. Recent studies have unexpectedly revealed that SLC7A11 also plays critical roles in glutamine metabolism and regulates the glucose and glutamine dependency of cancer cells. This review discusses the roles of SLC7A11 in regulating the antioxidant response and nutrient dependency of cancer cells, explores our current understanding of SLC7A11 regulation in cancer metabolism, and highlights key open questions for future studies in this emerging research area. A deeper understanding of SLC7A11 in cancer metabolism may identify new therapeutic opportunities to target this important amino acid transporter for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranavi Koppula
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6767 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6767 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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34
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Second-generation proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib enhances doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73697-73710. [PMID: 27655642 PMCID: PMC5342008 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibition is an attractive approach for anticancer therapy. Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used for treatment in a number of cancers including breast cancer; however, the development of DOX resistance largely limits its clinical application. One of the possible mechanisms of DOX-resistance is that DOX might induce the activation of NF-κB. In this case, proteasome inhibitors could inhibit the activation of NF-κB by blocking inhibitory factor κB (IκB) degradation. Carfilzomib, a second-generation proteasome inhibitor, overcomes bortezomib resistance and lessens its side-effects. Currently, the effect of carfilzomib on breast cancer cell proliferation remains unclear. In this study, we exploited the role of carfilzomib in seven breast cancer cell lines, MCF7, T-47D, MDA-MB-361, HCC1954, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, and BT-549, representing all major molecular subtypes of breast cancer. We found that carfilzomib alone had cytotoxic effects on the breast cancer cells and it increased DOX-induced cytotoxic effects and apoptosis in combination by enhancing DOX-induced JNK phosphorylation and inhibiting DOX-induced IκBα degradation. The results suggest that carfilzomib has potent antitumor effects on breast cancer in vitro and can sensitize breast cancer cells to DOX treatment. DOX in combination with carfilzomib may be an effective and feasible therapeutic option in the clinical trials for treating breast cancer.
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Hatem E, El Banna N, Huang ME. Multifaceted Roles of Glutathione and Glutathione-Based Systems in Carcinogenesis and Anticancer Drug Resistance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1217-1234. [PMID: 28537430 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Glutathione is the most abundant antioxidant molecule in living organisms and has multiple functions. Intracellular glutathione homeostasis, through its synthesis, consumption, and degradation, is an intricately balanced process. Glutathione levels are often high in tumor cells before treatment, and there is a strong correlation between elevated levels of intracellular glutathione/sustained glutathione-mediated redox activity and resistance to pro-oxidant anticancer therapy. Recent Advances: Ample evidence demonstrates that glutathione and glutathione-based systems are particularly relevant in cancer initiation, progression, and the development of anticancer drug resistance. CRITICAL ISSUES This review highlights the multifaceted roles of glutathione and glutathione-based systems in carcinogenesis, anticancer drug resistance, and clinical applications. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The evidence summarized here underscores the important role played by glutathione and the glutathione-based systems in carcinogenesis and anticancer drug resistance. Future studies should address mechanistic questions regarding the distinct roles of glutathione in different stages of cancer development and cancer cell death. It will be important to study how metabolic alterations in cancer cells can influence glutathione homeostasis. Sensitive approaches to monitor glutathione dynamics in subcellular compartments will be an indispensible step. Therapeutic perspectives should focus on mechanism-based rational drug combinations that are directed against multiple redox targets using effective, specific, and clinically safe inhibitors. This new strategy is expected to produce a synergistic effect, prevent drug resistance, and diminish doses of single drugs. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1217-1234.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Hatem
- 1 CNRS UMR3348, Institut Curie, PSL Research University , Orsay, France .,2 CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
| | - Nadine El Banna
- 1 CNRS UMR3348, Institut Curie, PSL Research University , Orsay, France .,2 CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
| | - Meng-Er Huang
- 1 CNRS UMR3348, Institut Curie, PSL Research University , Orsay, France .,2 CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
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Piras S, Furfaro AL, Brondolo L, Passalacqua M, Marinari UM, Pronzato MA, Nitti M. Differentiation impairs Bach1 dependent HO-1 activation and increases sensitivity to oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7568. [PMID: 28790431 PMCID: PMC5548785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal adaptation to oxidative stress is crucially important in order to prevent degenerative diseases. The role played by the Nrf2/HO-1 system in favoring cell survival of neuroblastoma (NB) cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been investigated using undifferentiated or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. While undifferentiated cells were basically resistant to the oxidative stimulus, ATRA treatment progressively decreased cell viability in response to H2O2. HO-1 silencing decreased undifferentiated cell viability when exposed to H2O2, proving the role of HO-1 in cell survival. Conversely, ATRA differentiated cells exposed to H2O2 showed a significantly lower induction of HO-1, and only the supplementation with low doses of bilirubin (0,5-1 μM) restored viability. Moreover, the nuclear level of Bach1, repressor of HO-1 transcription, strongly decreased in undifferentiated cells exposed to oxidative stress, while did not change in ATRA differentiated cells. Furthermore, Bach1 was displaced from HO-1 promoter in undifferentiated cells exposed to H2O2, enabling the binding of Nrf2. On the contrary, in ATRA differentiated cells treated with H2O2, Bach1 displacement was impaired, preventing Nrf2 binding and limiting HO-1 transcription. In conclusion, our findings highlight the central role of Bach1 in HO-1-dependent neuronal response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Piras
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Furfaro
- Giannina Gaslini Institute, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brondolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Umberto Maria Marinari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Pronzato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Catanzaro E, Calcabrini C, Turrini E, Sestili P, Fimognari C. Nrf2: a potential therapeutic target for naturally occurring anticancer drugs? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:781-793. [PMID: 28675319 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1351549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 is one of the most efficient cytoprotective rheostats against exogenous or endogenous oxidative insults. At present, the modulation of the Nrf2 pathway represents an interesting and highly explored strategy in the oncological area. Area covered: In this review, we present and discuss the different modulation of the Nrf2 pathway by some natural compounds with a well demonstrated anticancer activity, and critically analyze the challenges associated with the development of an Nrf2-based anticancer strategy. Expert opinion: Many natural compounds with a well-defined anticancer activity are able to modulate this pathway. Both Nrf2 inducers and inhibitors can be useful as anticancer strategy. However, since Nrf2 modulates many networks potentially involved in the detoxification process of anticancer drugs, its activation in cancer cells could lead to chemoresistance. The switch between a beneficial or detrimental role of Nrf2 in cancer cells essentially depends on the tight control of its activity, the specific conditions of tumor microenvironment, and cell type. In line with the paucity of clear data related to the mechanisms underpinning the role of Nrf2 in cancer development and chemoresistance, discovery and development of Nrf2-based strategies is one of the most critical and challenging assignments for fighting cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Catanzaro
- a Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini , Italy
| | - Cinzia Calcabrini
- a Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini , Italy
| | - Eleonora Turrini
- a Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini , Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- b Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino Carlo Bo , Urbino , Italy
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- a Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini , Italy
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Tibullo D, Giallongo C, Puglisi F, Tomassoni D, Camiolo G, Cristaldi M, Brundo MV, Anfuso CD, Lupo G, Stampone T, Li Volti G, Amenta F, Avola R, Bramanti V. Effect of Lipoic Acid on the Biochemical Mechanisms of Resistance to Bortezomib in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3344-3350. [PMID: 28497200 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an extracranial solid cancer and the most common cancer in infancy. Despite the standard treatment for NB is based on the combination of chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and cisplatin, chemoresistance occurs over the time. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of bortezomib (BTZ) (50 nM) on NB cell viability and how lipoic acid (ALA) (100 μM) modifies pharmacological response to this chemotherapeutic agent. Cell viability was assessed by ATP luminescence assay whereas expression of oxidative stress marker (i.e., heme oxygenase-1) and endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins was performed by real-time PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Our data showed that BTZ treatment significantly reduced cell viability when compared to untreated cultures (about 40%). Interestingly, ALA significantly reduced the efficacy of BTZ (about 30%). Furthermore, BTZ significantly induced heme oxygenase-1 as a result of increased oxidative stress and such overexpression was prevented by concomitant treatment with ALA. Similarly, ALA significantly reduced BTZ-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress as measured by reduction in BiP1 and IRE1α, ERO1α, and PDI expression. In conclusion, our data suggest that BTZ efficacy is dependent on cellular redox status and such mechanisms may be responsible of chemoresistance to this chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95100, Catania, Italy.,Division of Haematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Via Citelli 6, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95100, Catania, Italy.,Division of Haematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Via Citelli 6, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Puglisi
- Division of Haematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Via Citelli 6, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Camiolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Cristaldi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Tomaso Stampone
- Division of Microbiology and Virology, Villa Sofia Hospital, A.O.O.R. "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Piazza Salerno 1, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri 9, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Roberto Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95100, Catania, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Bramanti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95100, Catania, Italy.,Division of Microbiology and Virology, Villa Sofia Hospital, A.O.O.R. "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Piazza Salerno 1, 90146, Palermo, Italy
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Nitti M, Piras S, Marinari UM, Moretta L, Pronzato MA, Furfaro AL. HO-1 Induction in Cancer Progression: A Matter of Cell Adaptation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6020029. [PMID: 28475131 PMCID: PMC5488009 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is one of the most important mechanisms of cell adaptation to stress. Indeed, the redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 is the pivotal regulator of HO-1 induction. Through the antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and antinflammatory properties of its metabolic products, HO-1 plays a key role in healthy cells in maintaining redox homeostasis and in preventing carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, several lines of evidence have highlighted the role of HO-1 in cancer progression and its expression correlates with tumor growth, aggressiveness, metastatic and angiogenetic potential, resistance to therapy, tumor escape, and poor prognosis, even though a tumor- and tissue-specific activity has been observed. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the pro-tumorigenic role of HO-1 dependent tumor progression as a promising target in anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L. B. Alberti 2, Genoa 16132, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Piras
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L. B. Alberti 2, Genoa 16132, Italy.
| | - Umberto M Marinari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L. B. Alberti 2, Genoa 16132, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, Rome 00165, Italy.
| | - Maria A Pronzato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L. B. Alberti 2, Genoa 16132, Italy.
| | - Anna Lisa Furfaro
- Giannina Gaslini Institute, IRCCS, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, Genoa 16147, Italy.
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40
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Vittorio O, Curcio M, Cojoc M, Goya GF, Hampel S, Iemma F, Dubrovska A, Cirillo G. Polyphenols delivery by polymeric materials: challenges in cancer treatment. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:162-180. [PMID: 28156178 PMCID: PMC8241076 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1236846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology can offer different solutions for enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of polyphenols, a class of natural products widely explored for a potential applicability for the treatment of different diseases including cancer. While possessing interesting anticancer properties, polyphenols suffer from low stability and unfavorable pharmacokinetics, and thus suitable carriers are required when planning a therapeutic protocol. In the present review, an overview of the different strategies based on polymeric materials is presented, with the aim to highlight the strengths and the weaknesses of each approach and offer a platform of ideas for researchers working in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Vittorio
- a UNSW Australia, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center and ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Center for NanoMedicine , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Manuela Curcio
- b Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science , University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende , Italy
| | - Monica Cojoc
- c OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Dresden , Germany
| | - Gerardo F Goya
- d Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA) and Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Silke Hampel
- e Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden , Dresden , Germany , and
| | - Francesca Iemma
- b Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science , University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende , Italy
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- c OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Dresden , Germany.,f German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- b Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science , University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende , Italy
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Kang KA, Hyun JW. Oxidative Stress, Nrf2, and Epigenetic Modification Contribute to Anticancer Drug Resistance. Toxicol Res 2017; 33:1-5. [PMID: 28133507 PMCID: PMC5266370 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2017.33.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor, controls the expression of genes encoding cytoprotective proteins, including antioxidant enzymes that combat oxidative and electrophilic stress to maintain redox homeostasis. However, recent studies demonstrated that, in cancer, aberrant activation of Nrf2 by epigenetic alterations promotes high expression of cytoprotective proteins, which can decrease the efficacy of anticancer drugs used for chemotherapy. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the relationship between oxidative stress, Nrf2, epigenetic modification, and anticancer drug resistance, which should aid in development of new strategies to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Wu S, Zhang T, Du J. Ursolic acid sensitizes cisplatin-resistant HepG2/DDP cells to cisplatin via inhibiting Nrf2/ARE pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:3471-3481. [PMID: 27822011 PMCID: PMC5087784 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combinations of adjuvant sensitizers with anticancer drugs is a promising new strategy to reverse chemoresistance. Ursolic acid (UA) is one of the natural pentacyclic triterpene compounds known to have many pharmacological characteristics such as anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. This study investigates whether UA can sensitize hepatocellular carcinoma cells to cisplatin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were transfected with nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) small interfering RNA and Nrf2 complementary DNA by using Lipofectin 2000. The cytotoxicity of cells was investigated by Cell Counting Kit 8 assay. Cell apoptosis, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The protein level of Nrf2, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the reverse index was 2.9- and 9.69-fold by UA of 1.125 μg/mL and 2.25 μg/mL, respectively, for cisplatin to HepG2/DDP cells. UA-cisplatin combination induced cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species, blocked the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, UA-cisplatin dramatically decreased the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes. The sensibilization of UA-cisplatin combination was diminished in Nrf2 small interfering RNA-transfected HepG2/DDP cells, as well as in Nrf2 complementary DNA-transfected HepG2/DDP cells. CONCLUSION The results confirmed the sensibilization of UA on HepG2/DDP cells to cisplatin, which was possibly mediated via the Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhai Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University
- Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine
| | | | - Jingsheng Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu J, Wang H, Chen F, Fu J, Xu Y, Hou Y, Kou HH, Zhai C, Nelson MB, Zhang Q, Andersen ME, Pi J. An overview of chemical inhibitors of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and their potential applications in cancer therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:544-556. [PMID: 27634172 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor regulating a wide array of genes for antioxidant and detoxification enzymes in response to oxidative and xenobiotic stress. A large number of Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) activators have been screened for use as chemopreventive agents in oxidative stress-related diseases and even cancer. However, constitutive activation of Nrf2 occurs in a variety of cancers. Aberrant activation of Nrf2 is correlated with cancer progression, chemoresistance, and radioresistance. In this review, we examine recent studies of Nrf2-ARE inhibitors in the context of cancer therapy. We enumerate the possible Nrf2-inhibiting mechanisms of these compounds, their effects sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents, and the prospect of applying them in clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Road, Heping Area, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jingqi Fu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yongyong Hou
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Henry H Kou
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Cheng Zhai
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - M Bud Nelson
- MedBlue Incubator, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Melvin E Andersen
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, ScitoVation, LLC, NC 27709, USA LLC
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
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