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Dowley A, Sweeney T, Conway E, Vigors S, Ryan MT, Yadav S, Wilson J, O’Doherty JV. The effects of dietary supplementation with mushroom or selenium enriched mushroom powders on the growth performance and intestinal health of post-weaned pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:12. [PMID: 36631908 PMCID: PMC9832780 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need to identify natural bioactive compounds that can enhance gastrointestinal health and promote pig growth performance in the absence of pharmacological levels of zinc oxide (ZnO). The objectives of this study were to: 1) compare the effects of mushroom powder supplemented with inorganic selenium (inSeMP) to mushroom powder enriched with organic selenium (orgSeMP) to pharmacological levels of ZnO on growth performance and faecal scores (FS) for the first 21 d post-weaning (Period 1); and 2) compare the molecular and microbial effects of inSeMP and orgSeMP in these pigs on d 39 post-weaning (Period 2). METHODS In Period 1, pigs (3 pigs/pen; 8 pens/treatment) were assigned to: (1) basal diet (control); (2) basal diet + zinc oxide (ZnO) (3100 mg/kg d 1-14, 1550 mg/kg d 15-21); (3) basal diet + mushroom powder supplemented with inorganic selenium (inSeMP) containing selenium (selenite) content of 0.3 mg/kg feed; (4) basal diet + mushroom powder enriched with organic selenium (orgSeMP) containing selenium (selenocysteine) content of 0.3 mg/kg feed. Mushroom powders were included at 6.5 g/kg of feed. RESULTS In Period 1, there was no effect of diets on average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G:F) ratio (P > 0.05). The orgSeMP supplemented pigs had a lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). The ZnO supplemented pigs had reduced FS compared to the basal and mushroom group, while the orgSeMP supplemented pigs had lower FS compared to the basal group during the 21 d experimental period (P < 0.05). In Period 2, there was no effect of diets on ADFI, ADG and G:F ratio (P > 0.05). The orgSeMP supplementation increased the caecal abundance of bacterial members of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phylum, including Lactobacillus, Agathobacter, Roseburia, and Prevotella and decreased the abundance of Sporobacter compared to the basal group, while inSeMP increased the caecal abundance of Prevotella and decreased the caecal abundance of Sporobacter compared to the basal group (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with inSeMP increased expression of TLR4 and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene IL10 and decreased nutrient transporter gene FABP2 compared to the orgSeMP group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION OrgSeMP is a novel and sustainable way to incorporate selenium and β-glucans into the diet of weaned pigs whilst improving FS and modulating the caecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Dowley
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Torres Sweeney
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eadaoin Conway
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stafford Vigors
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marion T. Ryan
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Supriya Yadav
- Mbio, Monaghan Mushroom Group, Tyholland, Co.Monaghan Ireland
| | - Jude Wilson
- Mbio, Monaghan Mushroom Group, Tyholland, Co.Monaghan Ireland
| | - John V. O’Doherty
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Nutritional Composition and Untargeted Metabolomics Reveal the Potential of Tetradesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oceanica as Valuable Nutrient Sources for Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192643. [PMID: 36230383 PMCID: PMC9558554 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing pet population is questioning the sustainability of the pet food system. Although microalgae may constitute a more sustainable food resource, the assessment of their potential for canine diets is almost non-existent. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of three microalgae species (Tetradesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oceanica) grown locally in industrial photobioreactors as alternative food resources for dogs. A detailed characterization of their nutritional composition and metabolomic profile was carried out and related to the nutritional requirements of dogs. Overall, the essential amino acid content exceeded the amounts required for dogs at all life stages, except methionine and cysteine. The three microalgae were deficient in linoleic acid, N. oceanica presented a linolenic acid content below requirements and T. obliquus and C. vulgaris were deficient in arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. The fiber was mainly composed of insoluble dietary fiber. The mineral profile varied greatly with the microalgae species, demonstrating their different potential for dog feeding. Untargeted metabolomics highlighted glycolipids, glycerolipids and phospholipids as the most discriminating compounds between microalgae species. Overall, the results support the potential of T. obliquus, C. vulgaris and N. oceanica as valuable macro- and micro-nutrients sources for dog feeding.
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Pereira AM, Pinna C, Biagi G, Stefanelli C, Maia MRG, Matos E, Segundo MA, Fonseca AJM, Cabrita ARJ. Supplemental selenium source on gut health: insights on fecal microbiome and fermentation products of growing puppies. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5921173. [PMID: 33045070 PMCID: PMC7580910 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element that can modulate the gut microbiome with an impact on host health. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of organic (selenium-enriched yeast) vs inorganic (sodium selenite) selenium source on fecal end-fermentation products and gut microbiome of puppies from 20 to 52 weeks of age. Alpha and beta diversity of the gut bacterial community were affected by age but not by gender or selenium source. The relative abundance of taxa was differently affected by age, and the DNA concentration of all selected bacterial groups increased with age, although total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetate, propionate, caproate and lactate concentrations decreased. Organic selenium was associated with a higher concentration of total VFA, propionate and butyrate, a higher number of DNA copies of Lactobacillus, and a trend to lower DNA copies of Escherichia coli. Effects on fecal microbiome during growth differed with selenium source. Females had higher fecal end-fermentation products related to protein degradation, whereas males had higher DNA concentration of Bifidobacterium. Organic selenium might be beneficial over inorganic for dog food supplementation due to the positive modulation of the gut microbiome observed in puppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pinna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 43, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Giacomo Biagi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 43, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, Università di Bologna, Corso d'Augusto, 237, 47921 Rimini (RN), Italy
| | - Margarida R G Maia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Matos
- SORGAL, Sociedade de Óleos e Rações S.A., Estrada Nacional 109 Lugar da Pardala, 3880-728 S. João Ovar, Portugal
| | - Marcela A Segundo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - António J M Fonseca
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita J Cabrita
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Effects of diet supplementation with sodium selenite and selenium-enriched in puppies’ health performance from post-weaning to adulthood. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zentrichová V, Pechová A, Kovaříková S. Selenium and Dogs: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:418. [PMID: 33562028 PMCID: PMC7915357 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intent of this review is to summarize the knowledge about selenium and its function in a dog's body. For this purpose, systematic literature search was conducted. For mammals, including dogs, a balanced diet and sufficient intake of selenium are important for correct function of metabolism. As for selenium poisoning, there are no naturally occurring cases known. Nowadays, we do not encounter clinical signs of its deficiency either, but it can be subclinical. For now, the most reliable method of assessing selenium status of a dog is measuring serum or plasma levels. Levels in full blood can be measured too, but there are no reference values. The use of glutathione peroxidase as an indirect assay is questionable in canines. Commercial dog food manufactures follow recommendations for minimal and maximal selenium levels and so dogs fed commercial diets should have balanced intake of selenium. For dogs fed home-made diets, complex data are missing. However, subclinical deficiency seems to affect, for example, male fertility or recovery from parasitical diseases. Very interesting is the role of selenium in prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Zentrichová
- Department of Animal Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Alena Pechová
- Department of Animal Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Simona Kovaříková
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;
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Li J, Lens PNL, Otero-Gonzalez L, Du Laing G. Production of selenium- and zinc-enriched Lemna and Azolla as potential micronutrient-enriched bioproducts. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115522. [PMID: 32006774 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrients that are often lacking in the diet of humans and animals, leading to deficiency diseases. Lemna and Azolla are two aquatic plants with a substantial protein content, which offer the possibility of utilizing them to remove Se and Zn from (waste)water while producing micronutrient-enriched dietary proteins and fertilizers. In this study, we explored interaction effects occurring between Se and Zn when these micronutrients are taken up by Azolla and Lemna. The two aquatic plants were grown on hydroponic cultures containing 0-5.0 mg/L of Se (Se(IV) or Se(VI)) and Zn. The Se and Zn content of the plants, growth indicators, bioconcentration factor (BCF) and Se/Zn removal efficiency from the water phase were evaluated. The results demonstrated that Se(IV) is more toxic than Se(VI) for both plant species, as evidenced by the remarkable decrease of biomass content and root length when exposed to Se(IV). Both aquatic plants took up around 10 times more Se(IV) than Se(VI) from the medium. Moreover, the Se accumulation and removal efficiency increased by 66-99% for Se(IV) and by 34-59% for Se(VI) in Lemna when increasing Zn dosage from 0 to 5.0 mg/L in the medium, whereas it declined by 13-26% for Se(IV) and 21-35% for Se(VI) in Azolla, suggesting a synergetic effect in Lemna, but an antagonistic effect in Azolla. The maximum BCF of Se in Lemna and Azolla were 507 and 667, respectively. The protein content in freeze-dried Lemna and Azolla was approximately 17%. The high tolerance and accumulation of Se and Zn in Lemna and Azolla, combined with their rapid growth, high protein content and transformation of inorganic to organic Se species upon Se(IV) exposure make Lemna and Azolla potential candidates for the production of Se(IV)- and Zn-enriched biomass that can be used as crop fertilizers or protein-rich food/feed supplements or ingredients. Accordingly, by growing the Azolla and Lemna on wastewater, a high-value product can be produced from wastewater while recovering resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, 2601, DA, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, 2601, DA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lila Otero-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Improvement of Sperm Motility Within One Month Under Selenium and Vitamin E Supplementation in Four Infertile Dogs with Low Selenium Status. J Vet Res 2019; 63:293-297. [PMID: 31276070 PMCID: PMC6598180 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Significant improvement of sperm motility within one month effected by oral supplementation of selenium and vitamin E was described in four infertile male dogs which failed to conceive in their last three matings with different bitches. Material and Methods The dogs (a Golden Retriever, an English Cocker Spaniel, and two Tibetan Mastiffs) were supplemented daily with selenium (Se) (0.6 mg/kg organic Se yeast) and vitamin E (vit. E) (5 mg/kg) per os for 60 days. Semen was collected on days 0, 30, 60, and 90. The sperm concentration and motility parameters were evaluated by the CASA system, sperm morphology was explored by Diff-Quick staining, and live and dead spermatozoa were differentiated by eosin/nigrosin staining. The concentrations of Se and vit. E were measured in peripheral blood serum on semen collection days. Results Before administration, the concentrations of Se in blood plasma were low (86.0–165.0 μg/L). After 30 days of treatment there was an observable improvement in total and progressive sperm motility and kinematic parameters (VAP, VSK, VCL, ALH, BCF, and RAPID). The percentages of live and normal morphology sperm cells were also higher. There was also an observable increase in Se and vitamin E concentrations in blood serum. Bitches were successfully mated and delivered four to six puppies. Conclusion Supplementation with Se and vit. E improved rapid sperm motility and restored fertility in infertile dogs with low Se status.
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Domosławska A, Zdunczyk S, Franczyk M, Kankofer M, Janowski T. Selenium and vitamin E supplementation enhances the antioxidant status of spermatozoa and improves semen quality in male dogs with lowered fertility. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13023. [PMID: 29744899 DOI: 10.1111/and.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies showed a beneficial effect of supplementation with selenium (Se) and vitamin E on semen quality. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Se and vitamin E supplementation on the antioxidant status of spermatozoa and semen quality in dogs with lowered fertility. Ten dogs were supplemented daily with Se (6 μg/kg organic Se yeast) and vitamin E (5 mg/kg) per os for 60 days. Control group consisted of 10 males without the supplementation. Semen was collected on day 0, 30, 60 and 90. Sperm quality parameters were evaluated using CASA and a microscope. Concentrations of Se and vitamin E in blood as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the spermatozoa were determined. After 60 days of supplementation the concentration of spermatozoa, the majority of motility indicators and the percentage of normal morphology and live spermatozoa increased significantly (p < .05). An increase (p < .05) in concentration of Se and vitamin E in blood and GSH-Px-activity and TAC in the spermatozoa was detected. The study results indicate that Se and vitamin E supplementation for 60 days enhances the antioxidant status of spermatozoa and improves the quality of the semen in dogs with lowered fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Domosławska
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - S Zdunczyk
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Franczyk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Kankofer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - T Janowski
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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