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Mendivelso González DF, Sánchez Villalobos SA, Ramos AE, Montero Ovalle WJ, Serrano López ML. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Prostate Cancer Progression: A Systematic Review. Cancer Invest 2024; 42:75-96. [PMID: 38055319 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2023.2291776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New biomarkers of progression in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) are needed to improve their classification and clinical management. This systematic review investigated the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and PCa progression. METHODS A keyword search was performed in Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane for publications between 2007 and 2022. We included articles with adjusted and significant associations, a median follow-up greater than or equal to 24 months, patients taken to radical prostatectomy (RP) as a first therapeutic option, and results presented based on biochemical recurrence (BCR). RESULTS In the 27 articles selected, 73 SNPs were identified in 39 genes, organized in seven functional groups. Of these, 50 and 23 SNPs were significantly associated with a higher and lower risk of PCa progression, respectively. Likewise, four haplotypes were found to have a significant association with PCa progression. CONCLUSION This article highlights the importance of SNPs as potential markers of PCa progression and their possible functional relationship with some genes relevant to its development and progression. However, most variants were identified only in cohorts from two countries; no additional studies reproduce these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martha Lucía Serrano López
- Cancer Biology Research Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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2
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Fernandez PW. Prostate Cancer Genomics Research Disparities in Africa: Advancing Knowledge in Resource Constrained Settings. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221095952. [PMID: 35475404 PMCID: PMC9087236 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221095952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer disproportionately affects men of African descent and it is
estimated that Africa will bear the highest disease burden in the next decade.
Underlying genomic factors may contribute to prostate cancer disparities;
however, it is unclear whether Africa has prioritised genomics research toward
addressing these disparities. A Pubmed review was performed of publications
spanning a 15-year period, with specific focus on prostate cancer genomics
research that included samples from Africa and investigators in Africa. Data are
presented on research publications from Africa relative to similar publications
from different geographical regions, and more specifically, the extent of
disparities and the contributions to prostate cancer knowledge as a result of
genomics research that included African samples and African institutions.
Limited publication output may reflect the infrastructure and funding challenges
in Africa. Widespread cooperation should be fostered by sharing capacity and
leveraging existing expertise to address the growing cancer burden facing the
continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro W Fernandez
- Division of Urology, 26697Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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3
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Shah A, Shah AA, K N, Lobo R. Mechanistic targets for BPH and prostate cancer-a review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:261-270. [PMID: 32960781 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
All men, almost, suffer from prostatic disorders in average life expectancy. In the year of 1950s, the first autopsy of prostate gland discovered the link between Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostate Cancer (PCa). After that, many histology, biochemistry, epidemiology studies explained the association and associated risk factor for the same. From the various scientific evidence, it is proved that both diseases share some common transcription factors and signalling pathways. Still, BPH cannot be considered as the first step of PCa progression. To define, the relationship between both of the diseases, a well-defined large epidemiological study is needed. Along with androgen signalling, imbalanced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and microbial infection also crucial factors that significantly affect the pathogenesis of BPH. Various signalling pathways are involved in the progression of BPH. Androgen signalling is the driving force for the progress of PCa. In PCa androgen signalling is upregulated as compared to a healthy prostate. Some dominant Androgen-regulated genes and their functions have been discussed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Aarti Abhishek Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandakumar K
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Richard Lobo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Acheampong E, Adu EA, Obirikorang C, Amoah G, Afriyie OO, Yorke J, Anto EO, Gyamfi MA, Acheampong EN, Gyasi-Sarpong CK, Yeboah FA. Association of genetic variants with prostate cancer in Africa: a concise review. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Prostate cancer (PCa) has one of the highest heritability of all major cancers, where the genetic contribution has been documented, and knowledge about the molecular genetics of the disease is increasing. However, the extent and aspects to which genetic variants explain PCa heritability in Africa are limited.
Main body
In this review, we summarize studies that highlight how identified genetic variants explain differences in PCa incidence and presentation across ethnic groups. We also present the knowledge gaps in PCa genetics in Africa and why Africa represents an untapped potential ground for genetic studies on PCa. A significant number of genome-wide association studies, linkage, and fine-mapping analyses have been conducted globally, and that explains 30–33% of PCa heritability. The African ancestry has a significant mention in PCa incidence and presentation. To date, the candidate gene approach has replicated 23 polymorphisms including dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeats in 16 genes. CYP17-rs743572, CYP3A4-rs2740574, CYP3A5-rs776746, CYP3A43-rs501275, and haplotype blocks, containing these variants, are significantly associated with PCa among some population groups but not others. With the few existing studies, the extent of genetic diversity in Africa suggests that genetic associations of PCa to African ancestry go beyond nucleotide sequence polymorphisms, to a level of environmental adaptation, which may interpret genetic risk profiles. Also, the shreds of evidence suggest that evolutionary history contributes to the high rates of PCa relative to African ancestry, and genetic associations do not always replicate across populations.
Conclusion
The genetic architecture of PCa in Africa provides important contributions to the global understanding of PCa specifically the African-ancestry hypothesis. There is a need for more prostate cancer consortiums to justify the heritable certainties of PCa among Africans, and emphasis should be placed on the genetic epidemiological model of PCa in Africa.
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Effah CY, Wang L, Agboyibor C, Drokow EK, Yu S, Wang W, Wu Y. Polymorphism in the Androgen Biosynthesis Gene (CYP17), a Risk for Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Am J Mens Health 2020; 14:1557988320959984. [PMID: 32964792 PMCID: PMC7518003 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320959984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene polymorphism is one of the few factors that increases the risk of prostate cancer. T to C substitution in the 5’ promoter region of the CYP17 gene is hypothesized to increase the rate of gene transcription, increase androgen production, and thereby increase the risk of prostate cancer. Nevertheless, the inconsistencies originating from studies on CYP17 polymorphism and prostate cancer prompted this meta-analysis, to decipher the association between CYP17 polymorphism and prostate cancer. Most case-control studies addressing CYP17 polymorphism and prostate cancer were exhaustively searched from Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The various genotype distributions as well as the minor allele distributions were retrieved. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% CI and estimates of the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium were calculated. Analyses were performed using the RevMan v.5.3 software and SPSS v.21. There was high-pooled heterogeneity (I2 = 87.0%, OR = .42, CI [.39, .45], and p < .001) among the A2 versus A1 allele. With the per-allele model (A2 versus A1), ethnicity was a major risk factor to prostate cancer, with Asians recording the highest risk (OR = 12.61, 95% CI [8.77, 18.12]). From the genotype models, A1/A1 versus A2/A2 (OR = 3.02, 95% CI [2.65, 3.44]) and A1/A2 versus A2/A2 (OR = 4.39, 95% CI [3.86, 5.00]) were all significantly associated with prostate cancer. Although some genotype models were associated with the risk of prostate cancer, we should be mindful when interpreting the results of this study because of the limited number of studies and the small sample size used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Clement Agboyibor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital Henan, China
| | - Songcheng Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Gadkar S, Nair S, Patil S, Kalamani S, Bandivdekar A, Patel V, Chaudhari U, Sachdeva G. Membrane-initiated estrogen signaling in prostate cancer: A route to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:2077-2090. [PMID: 31411358 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is considered as a major druggable site. More than 50% of the existing drugs target PM proteins. In the wake of emerging data indicating a key role of estrogens in prostate cancer (PCa) pathogenesis, the study was undertaken to explore whether the estrogen binding sites exist on the PM and if such sites are functionally relevant in PCa. Estradiol (E2) binding to the PM was detected in androgen-dependent (LNCaP), androgen-independent (PC3, DU145) PCa cell lines, nontumorigenic (RWPE1) prostate epithelial cell line, and rat prostate cells. Conventional estrogen receptors (nuclear estrogen receptors), known for their nuclear localization, were detected in the PM enriched extracts. This was indirectly confirmed by reduced localization of ERs on the PM of cells, silenced for the expression of their cognate genes. Further, unlike cell-permeable E2, stimulation with cell-impermeable estradiol (E2-BSA) did not induce proliferation in LNCaP cells. However, stimulation with E2-BSA led to alterations in the phosphorylation status of several kinases including GSK3 and AKT, along with the hyperphosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins such as β-actin and cytokeratin 8 in LNCaP. This was accompanied by epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) features such as increased migration and invasion; higher vimentin expression, and a concomitant decrease in the E-cadherin expression. These effects were not observed in RWPE1 cells. Interestingly, cell-permeable E2 failed to induce EMT in PCa cells. This in vitro study is the first to suggest that the PM-initiated estrogen signaling contributes to higher invasiveness in PCa cells. Plasma membrane ERs may act as novel targets for PCa therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushama Gadkar
- Primate Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Shardool Nair
- Primate Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Smita Patil
- Primate Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Shilpa Kalamani
- Primate Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Atmaram Bandivdekar
- Biochemistry Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Vainav Patel
- Biochemistry Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Uddhav Chaudhari
- Primate Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Geetanjali Sachdeva
- Primate Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
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Associations of CYP1 polymorphisms with risk of prostate cancer: an updated meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181876. [PMID: 30765615 PMCID: PMC6395298 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The results of previous studies on the association between polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 and prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to conduct a meta-analysis in order to better estimate this association. Methods. A systematic search was carried out on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for relevant articles published up to 15 August 2018. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were obtained using fixed-effect or random-effect models. Results. A significant association was found between the CYP1A1 rs1048943 polymorphism and PCa in the overall population (B [the minor allele] vs. A [the major allele]: OR = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.39, P=0.014; AB vs. AA: OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.02–1.51, P=0.029; BB + AB vs. AA: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04–1.50, P=0.018) and Asian population (B vs. A: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.11–1.56, P=0.001; BB vs. AA: OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.20–2.72, P=0.005; AB vs. AA: OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.03–1.64, P=0.029; BB + AB vs. AA: OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.11–1.73, P=0.004; BB vs. AA + AB: OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.08–2.01, P=0.019), but not in the Caucasian population. Moreover, we found that the rs4646903 polymorphism was associated with a significant increase in the risk of PCa in the Asian population (AB vs. AA: OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.13–1.80, P=0.003) and Caucasian population (BB vs. AA: OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.29–3.49, P=0.003). Conclusion. This meta-analysis revealed a clear association between rs1048943 and rs4646903 polymorphisms of the CYP1A1 gene but not between CYP1B1 rs10012, rs162549, rs1800440, and rs2551188 polymorphisms and the risk of PCa.
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8
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Karakas C, Wang C, Deng F, Huang H, Wang D, Lee P. Molecular mechanisms involving prostate cancer racial disparity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2017; 5:34-48. [PMID: 29181436 PMCID: PMC5698597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The African (AA) descent has greater incidence and mortality rates of PCa as compared to Caucasian (CA) men. While socioeconomic differences across racial groups contribute to disparity in PCa, increasing evidence points that genetic and molecular alterations play important roles in racial disparities associated with PCa. In this review, we focus on genetic and molecular influences that contribute to racial disparity between AA and CA men including: androgen and estrogen receptor signaling pathways, growth factors, apoptotic proteins, genetic, genomic and epigenetic alterations. Future translational studies will identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers for AA PCa and assist in the development of new targeted-therapies specifically for AA men with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Karakas
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Cassie Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Fangming Deng
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Hongying Huang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Dongwen Wang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Peng Lee
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
- Department of New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
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9
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Association between polymorphisms in sex hormones synthesis and metabolism and prostate cancer aggressiveness. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185447. [PMID: 28981526 PMCID: PMC5628818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and prognosis are necessary to improve the accuracy of current ones employed in clinic. We performed a retrospective study between the association of several polymorphisms in the main genes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of sex hormones and PCa risk and aggressiveness. A total of 311 Caucasian men (155 controls and 156 patients) were genotyped for 9 SNPs in AR, CYP17A1, LHCGR, ESR1 and ESR2 genes. Diagnostic PSA serum levels, Gleason score, tumor stage, D´Amico risk and data of clinical progression were obtained for patients at the moment of the diagnosis and after 54 months of follow-up. Chi-squared test were used for comparisons between clinical variables groups, logistic regression for clinical variables associations between SNPs; and Kaplan–Meier for the association between SNPs and time to biochemical progression. We found 5 variants (CYP17A1) rs743572, rs6162, rs6163; (LHCGR) rs2293275 and (ESR2) rs1256049 that were statistically significant according to clinical variables (PSA, D´Amico risk and T stage) on a case-case analysis. Moreover, the presence of A and G alleles in rs743572 and rs6162 respectively, increase the risk of higher PSA levels (>10 ng/μl). With respect to D´Amico risk rs743572 (AG-GG), rs6162 (AG-AA) and rs6163 (AC-AA) were associated with an increased risk; and last, AC and AA genotypes for rs6163 were associated with a shorter biochemical recurrence free survival (BRFS) in patients with radical prostatectomy. In multigene analysis, several variants in SNPs rs2293275, rs6152, rs1062577, rs6162, rs6163, rs1256049 and rs1004467 were described to be associated with a more aggressiveness in patients. However, none of the selected SNPs show significant values between patients and controls. In conclusion, this study identified inherited variants in genes CYP17A1, LHCGR and ESR2 related to more aggressiveness and/or a poor progression of the disease. According to this study, new promise PCa biomarkers for clinical management could be included in these previous SNPs.
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10
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Prostate cancer clinical presentation, incidence, mortality and survival in Guadeloupe over the period 2008–2013 from a population-based cancer registry. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:1265-1273. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to examine prostate cancer racial disparities specific to the African-American population. RECENT FINDINGS African-American men are more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer, present at an earlier age; are more likely to have locally advanced or metastatic disease at diagnosis; and have suboptimal outcomes to standard treatments. Prostate cancer treatment requires a nuanced approach, particularly when applying screening, counseling, and management of African-American men. Oncological as well as functional outcomes may differ and are potentially due to a combination of genetic, molecular, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Smith
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 6038, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Scott E Eggener
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 6038, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Tarry Building Room 16-703, 300 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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12
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Sak K. The Val158Met polymorphism in COMT gene and cancer risk: role of endogenous and exogenous catechols. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 49:56-83. [PMID: 27826992 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1258075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase, COMT, is an important phase II enzyme catalyzing the transfer of a methyl-group from S-adenosylmethionine to a catechol-containing substrate molecule. A genetic variant Val158Met in the COMT gene leads to a several-fold decrease in the enzymatic activity giving rise to the accumulation of potentially carcinogenic endogenous catechol estrogens and their reactive intermediates and increasing thus the risk of tumorigenesis. However, numerous association studies between the COMT genotype and susceptibility to various malignancies have shown inconsistent and controversial findings indicating that additional gene-gene and gene-environment interactions might be crucial in modulating the physiological role of the COMT. In this review article, the important contribution of dietary catechol-containing flavonoids to modification of the relationships between the COMT genotype and cancer risk is discussed. Whereas, the diverse anticancer activities of common phytochemicals, such as green tea polyphenols, quercetin, fisetin or luteolin, can be markedly changed (both decreased or increased) by the COMT-mediated O-methylation of these exogenous substrates, flavonoids can also behave as potent inhibitors of the COMT enzyme slowing detoxification of endogenous catechol estrogens. Such a many-featured functioning of the COMT and its complex regulation by several different genetic and environmental factors, including plant-based food ingredients, emphasizes the necessity to further stratify the association studies between the COMT genotype and tumor risk by consumption of catechol-containing dietary flavonoids. Currently, it can be only speculated that some of the possible associations might be masked by the regular intake of specific food polyphenols, taking effect in certain communities or populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
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13
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Céspedes-Garro C, Naranjo MEG, Rodrigues-Soares F, LLerena A, Duconge J, Montané-Jaime LK, Roblejo H, Fariñas H, Campos MDLA, Ramírez R, Serrano V, Villagrán CI, Peñas-LLedó EM. Pharmacogenetic research activity in Central America and the Caribbean: a systematic review. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1707-1724. [PMID: 27633613 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present review was aimed at analyzing the pharmacogenetic scientific activity in Central America and the Caribbean. MATERIALS & METHODS A literature search for pharmacogenetic studies in each country of the region was conducted on three databases using a list of the most relevant pharmacogenetic biomarkers including 'phenotyping probe drugs' for major drug metabolizing enzymes. The review included 132 papers involving 47 biomarkers and 35,079 subjects (11,129 healthy volunteers and 23,950 patients). RESULTS The country with the most intensive pharmacogenetic research was Costa Rica. The most studied medical therapeutic area was oncology, and the most investigated biomarkers were CYP2D6 and HLA-A/B. Conclusion: Research activity on pharmacogenetics in Central American and the Caribbean populations is limited or absent. Therefore, strategies to promote effective collaborations, and foster interregional initiatives and research efforts among countries from the region could help for the rational clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Céspedes-Garro
- CICAB Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital & Medical School, Badajoz, Spain.,RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics.,Teaching & Research Department, Genetics Section, School of Biology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - María-Eugenia G Naranjo
- CICAB Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital & Medical School, Badajoz, Spain.,RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues-Soares
- RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics.,Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adrián LLerena
- CICAB Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital & Medical School, Badajoz, Spain.,RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics
| | - Jorge Duconge
- RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Lazara K Montané-Jaime
- Pharmacology Unit Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Hilda Roblejo
- RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics.,Teaching & Research Department, National Center of Medical Genetics, Havana, Cuba
| | - Humberto Fariñas
- CICAB Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital & Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - María de Los A Campos
- Secretaría Ejecutiva del Consejo de Ministros de Salud de Centroamérica y República Dominicana, Ciudad Merliot, El Salvador
| | - Ronald Ramírez
- RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics.,Facultad de Medicina, UNAN Universidad Autónoma Nacional de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - Víctor Serrano
- RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics.,CIIMET Centro de Investigación e Información de Medicamentos y Tóxicos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá
| | - Carmen I Villagrán
- RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Dirección de Investigación, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Eva M Peñas-LLedó
- CICAB Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital & Medical School, Badajoz, Spain.,RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics
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